electroactive polymers_reseach presentation

Materials and PerformanceEAP - Electroactive polymers

1925 - that the first piezoelectric polymer was discov-ered by combining carnauba wax, rosin and beeswax, and then cooling the solution while it is subject to an applied DC electrical bias. The mixture would then solidify into a polymeric material that exhibited a piezoelectric effect.

EAP: Research + DevelopmentHistory and invention

1977 - first electrically conducting polymers were discovered by Hideki Shirakawa

Along with Alan MacDiarmid and Alan Heeger who demonstrated that polyacetylene was electrically conductive, and that by doping it with iodine vapor, they could enhance its conductivity by 8 orders of magnitude.

1990 - ionic polymer-metal composites were de-veloped and shown to exhibit electroactive proper-ties far superior to previous EAPs.

deformation at voltages as low as 1 or 2 volts

History:


Two classes: Dielectric and Ionic

Dielectronic polymers:-Able to hold their induced displacement while activated under a DC voltage.

However, dielectronic polymers require very high activa-tion fields (>10 v/um) that are close to the breakdown level.

-Used in Robotics

Ionic polymers:

-requires only 1-2 volts.

-Need to maintain wetness - some polymers have been developed as self contained encapsulated activators which allows their use in dry environments. -Ionic polymers also have a low electromechanical cou-pling.

- ideal for the bio-mimetic devices.

EAP: Research + DevelopmentTwo Principles of EPA


“If we pass a current from one side to the other, then what we can get is anoxidation on one side and a reduction on the other. So if this side oxidizes, and this [other] side reduces we end up getting a bending. When we hit the voltage in the other direc-tion, then we get a bending in the other direction.”

Scott McGovern of University ofWollongong (Associated Press)

EAP: Research + DevelopmentAbility to bend in counter directions

Material Properties

Video:http://vimeo.com/5421831


EAP: Research + DevelopmentSpace Exploration through robots

http://technologygateway.nasa.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=media

NASA

“NASA and The Jet Propulsion Laboratory say the ultimate aim for the artificial muscles is the development of robots to explore the solar sys-tem.” (Associated Press)

EAP has two main properties, the ability to contract, and ability to bend in multi-ple directions. Since it can produce elec-tricital currents when touched, it can also be used as a sensor.


EAPs can exhibit up to a 380% strain, which is much more than any ceramic actuator

Yoseph Bar-Cohen, proposed the Armwres-tling Match of EAP Robotic Arm Against Hu-man Challenge.

Research groups around the world competed to design a robotic arm consisting of EAP muscles that could defeat a human in an arm wrestling match.

Medical uses in devices ranging from pros-thetic legs to tongue toning devices for use on sleep apnea patients.

Bar‐Cohen, Yoseph. Electroactive Polymer (EAP) Actuators as Artificial Muscles: Reality,

EAP: Research + DevelopmentExamining properties through current use

Development of EAPs in different configura-tions (e.g., fibers and fiber bundles), would in-crease the range of possible modes of motion.

Artificial Muscles

actuation of the arm.

3. Virginia Tech, USA: : Senior Students under the lead of John Cotton at the Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, including Joseph Ash, Matthew Degner, Sara Jasin, Jordan Milford, Kevin Nash, Josh Oechslin (Team Leader), Catherine Ross, and Brandon Shue. This arm was based on the same mechanism that was used by the VT students in 2005.

AcknowledgementThe wrestling fixture (Figure 1) was drawn by Ayoola K Olorunsola, JPL, constructed by Qibing Pieand his students from UCLA, and finalized by Chris Jones, JPL.

Considering participation in the 2007 armwrestling contest 1. DSO National Laboratories, Defense Medical & Environmental Research Institute, Centre for

Human Performance, Singapore, under the lead of Kelvin Hau-Kong Chan, Chan Hau Kong, and Lee Vee Sin Peter

2. Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, EMPA, Dubendorf, Switzerland

2005 - The EAP/Human Armwrestling MatchThe first competition was held on March 7, 2005 at 5:00 PM in San Diego, California and the 17-yearold student human opponent won against all the three robotic arms that participated. These arms were made by: 1. Environmental Robots Incorporated (ERI), Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. 2. Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, EMPA, Dubendorf, Switzerland 3. Virginia Tech - Steven Deso, Stephen Ros, Noah P. Papas, Senior Students in the Engineering Science and Mechanics Dept.

The longest to hold against the student has been the arm from ERI and it lasted for 26-seconds. To get a prospective to this major milestone for the field of EAP one may want to be aware that the first flight of the Wright Brothers before over hundred years lasted only 12-seconds.

The following photos of the three arms where taken during the competition:

Also, a video of the competition is available on the Discoverychannel's Daily Planet, March 15, 2005.

Page 4 of 5The EAP/Human Armwrestling Match

4/12/2011http://ndeaa.jpl.nasa.gov/nasa-nde/lommas/eap/EAP-armwrestling.htm


http://www.architerials.com/2010/10/electro-active-polymers-shapeshift/

EAP: Research + DevelopmentMedical to Architectural Applications


Video1:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKxic1kJ9XU&feature=player_embedded

Video 2:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CThFRt95aI&feature=player_embedded

EAP: Research + DevelopmentExterior Skin Concepts


“EAP can induce strains that are as high as two orders of magnitude greater that the striction-limited, rigid, and fragile electro-active ceramics (EAC). EAP materials are superior to shape memory allows (SMA) in higher response speed, lower density, and greater resilience.” Bar-Cohen,EAP

Possible use - EAP could look for forms thatrespond to multiple intensive variables

Simillar to Frei Otto - Soap Bubble Device where it can be a diagram of forces acting on it and test how the shape is key to the strength.

EAP: Research + DevelopmentProperties : handle strain, memory and reponse - complex prototyping

EAP - Complex Forms

Read more: http://www.greenbiz.com/blog/2009/07/22/structure-old-shell-game#ixzz1JJsfV3et


EAP: Research + DevelopmentIdentify Key Attributes and Relevance to ID

http://textilefuturesphd.blogspot.com/2011/02/call-for-participation-electro-active.html

EAP - Interiors?

Possible capacity - EAP as a surface applica-tion where it could respond to environmen-tal needs such as permeability.

Ventilation

Natural lighting

Control to social connectivity

Interior Screening

Acoustics

Textiles


http://www.santacruz.com/News/2008/12/09/SRI_Tests_Wave_Energy_Generator_Off_Santa_Cruz_Shore

EAP: Research + DevelopmentFuture Use - Energy Harvesting - Hyper Drive Company

Energy Harvesting

Potential Applications:

While EAP have been applied in the past in actuators and artificial muscles, promising applications of such materials in hydrodynamic and vibratory energy har-vesting are under development

Hydrodynamic and risidual energy harvesting to power sensors and actuators based on micro and nano-elec-tromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS)

Biomedical, Aerospace and oceanic applications

Hyper Drive Company w / SRI Scientists

Oceanic energy harvesting trail using heaving motion of the waves to producie about 20 joules of energy each time it bobs in the water

right now it about enough to power a dim light bulb but the start up company hopes that this will lead to devel-opments that could power a city


EAP: Research + DevelopmentFirst Consumer Product on the Market

Bionic Propulsion System

Project to create and artificial fish which has tail movements that propell it foward

A commercially produced version of this fish project was the first mass-produced EAP product avail-able for consumers.

Silvan Michael, of Swiss Federation Labs

(Associated Press) McGovern


EAP: Research + DevelopmentAccess to new technology - Braille displays

http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2009-08/iphones-blind


http://gadgetcrave.com/benevolent-tech-10-amazing-gadgets-for-the-blind/2555/

EAP: Research + DevelopmentAccess to new technology - Braille displays


http://www.optotune.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=22&Itemid=41

EAP: Research + DevelopmentOptical Lenses


http://www.luxfashionstyle.com/collection-of-cool-and-unique-watch-luxury-watches-with-analog-and-digital-display/

EAP: Research + DevelopmentProduct Design


http://www.dezeen.com/2009/10/05/funktionide-by-stefan-ulrich/

EAP: Research + DevelopmentProduct Design - Shape Changing Object - Stefan Ulrich


http://fourfifthsdesign.com/2009/08/

EAP: Research + DevelopmentProduct Design - Beautiful Car Concept - Bob Romkes

electroactive polymers_reseach presentation

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