electrical safetyworksafenb’s 2014 health and safety conference daniel roberts senior manager,...

Electrical Safety CSA Z462 & NB Regulations

WorkSafeNB’s 2014 Health and Safety Conference

Daniel Roberts

Senior Manager, Electrical Safety Consulting at Schneider Electric

Vice-chair CSA Z462

[email protected]

Schneider Electric – WorkSafeNB 2014 2

Electrical Safety

The two things you need to know for

electrical safety:

E = I x R

Common sense…


Electric Shock is…


Shock Injuries

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/ECG_principle_slow.gif


Arc Flash is…


Arc Flash Injuries


What is CSA Z462?

“Arc Flash” Standard

“Live Work” Standard

“Don’t Work Live” Standard


Impact of Z462

● One of CSA’s best selling Standards

● Acceptance by Industry

● AB – OHS Code 2009 guideline: “for some employers, Z462 is becoming

the standard of choice, an industry best practice…”

● Referenced directly and indirectly by Regulators

● BC – WorkSafeBC OHS guideline: “In meeting the requirements… [to

provide appropriate personal and other protective equipment for electrical

hazards], employers may find CSA Standard Z462 to be valuable in

assisting them in the creation of appropriate written safe work procedures,

determining the hazards, and the necessary protection.”

● NL – Section 484. (2) “Where it is not practicable to completely disconnect

low voltage electrical equipment, work shall be performed in accordance…

with a standard acceptable to the minister…”


What Does CSA Z462 Emphasize?

●Create an electrical safety program that is part of employer’s OHSMS

●Audit the electrical safety program & field work

●Risk assessment & hierarchy of risk controls

●Use of qualified workers

●Electrical safety training and retraining

●De-energizing

●How to identify when work must be performed energized

●The process to follow when work will be performed energized


CSA Z462 Overview

●Clause 3 Definitions

●Clause 4 Safety-Related Work Practices

● 4.1 General Requirements for Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices

● 4.2 Establishing an Electrically Safe Work Condition

● 4.3 Working Involving Electrical Hazards

●Clause 5 Safety-Related Maintenance Requirements

●Clause 6 Safety Requirements for Special Equipment

● Electrolytic Cells; Batteries and Battery Rooms

● Use of Lasers; Power Electronic Equipment

●Annexes A to U


Comparison – NB Regulations & Z462

Electrical Safety Program

NB OHS Act Section 9(1) (a)

●[Every employer shall…] take

every reasonable precaution to

ensure the health and safety of

his employees

CSA Z462 Clause 4.1.5 Electrical

safety program

● Employers shall implement and

document an electrical safety

program that directs activity

appropriate to the risk associated

with electrical hazards

CSA Z462 Clause 4.1.5.9.1 Electrical

safety program audit

● The electrical safety program shall be

audited… at intervals not to exceed 3

years


Evolution of Electrical Safety Program

Requirements in CSA Z462

2008 Edition 2012 Edition Pending: 2015 Edition

4.1.7 Electrical Safety

Program.

4.1.7.1 General. The

employer shall implement

and document an overall

electrical safety program

that directs activity

appropriate for the

voltage, energy level, and

circuit conditions.

See CSA Z1000

4.1.7 Electrical Safety

Program.

4.7.1.1 General. The

employer shall implement

and document an overall

electrical safety program

that directs activity

appropriate for the

electrical hazards, voltage,

energy level, and circuit

conditions.

See CSA Z1000

4.1.5 Electrical Safety Program

4.1.5.1 General. The employer

shall implement and document an

overall electrical safety program

that directs activity appropriate to

the risk associated with

electrical hazards.

The electrical safety program

shall be implemented as part of

the employer’s overall

occupational health and safety

management system, when one

exists.

See CSA Z1000



Risk Assessment

NB OHS Act Section 9(2) (b)

●[Every employer shall…]

acquaint an employee with any

hazard in connection with the

use, handling, storage, disposal

and transport of any tool,

equipment, machine, device or

biological, chemical or physical

agent;

CSA Z462 Clause 4.1.5.7 Risk

assessment procedure

●The electrical safety program

shall include a risk assessment

procedure that addresses worker

exposure to electrical hazards.

The procedure shall… be used by

the worker to:

● (a) identify hazards;

● (b) assess risks; and

● (c) implement risk control

according to a hierarchy of

methods (See CSA Z1002)


Hierarchy of Risk Control Methods

Most effective risk control methods

● Elimination

● Substitution

● Engineering controls

Least effective risk control methods

● Systems that increase awareness

● Administrative controls

● Personal protective equipment


Evolution of Risk Assessment

Requirements in CSA Z462

2008 Edition 2012 Edition Pending: 2015 Edition

4.1.7.6 Hazard/Risk

Evaluation Procedure

An electrical safety program

shall identify a hazard/risk

evaluation procedure to be

used before work is started

within the Limited

Approach Boundary of

energized electrical

conductors and circuit parts

operating at 50 volts or more

or where an electrical hazard

exists.

The procedure shall identify

the hazard/risk process that

shall be used by employees to

evaluate tasks before work is

started.

4.1.7.6 Hazard Identification and

Risk Assessment Procedure.

An electrical safety program shall

include a hazard identification

and a risk assessment procedure

to be used before work is started

within the limited approach

boundary or within the arc flash

boundary of energized electrical

conductors and circuit parts

operating at 50 volts or more or

where an electrical hazard exists.

The procedure shall identify the

process to be used by the

employee before work is started to

identify hazards and assess

risks, including potential risk

mitigation strategies

4.1.5.7 Risk Assessment

Procedure. An electrical safety

program shall include a risk

assessment procedure that

addresses employee exposure to

electrical hazards.

The procedure shall identify the

process to be used by the employee

before work is started to perform the

following:

(1) Identify hazards;

(2) Assess risks; and

(3) Implement risk control

according to a hierarchy of

methods (see CSA Z1002)



Field Audits

NB OHS Act Section 9(2) (c)

●[Every employer shall…] provide

such information, instruction,

training and supervision as are

necessary to ensure an

employee’s health and safety;

CSA Z462 Clause 4.1.5.9.2 Field

work

●Field work shall be audited to

verify that the requirements

contained in the procedures of the

electrical safety program are

being followed.

●Audits shall be performed at

intervals not to exceed one year.



Job Safety Planning







CSA Z462 Clause 4.1.5.8 Job

briefing

●Before starting each job, the

worker in charge shall conduct

a job briefing with the workers

involved [to discuss]

a) hazards associated with the job;

b) work procedures involved;

c) special precautions;

d) energy source controls;

e) PPE requirements; and

f) the information on the energized

electrical work permit, if a permit

is required;



Electrical Safety Training







CSA Z462 Clause 4.1.6.1 Safety

training

●Workers exposed to an electrical

hazard…shall be trained

a) in the safety-related work

practices and procedural

requirements necessary to

provide protection from the

electrical hazards associated

with their job or task

assignments; and

b) to identify and understand the

relationship between electrical

hazards and possible injury.



Electrical Safety Training







CSA Z462 Clause 4.1.6.1

Qualified persons

● (iv) Qualified persons shall be

trained in the decision-making

process necessary to:

1. Perform the job safety planning;

2. Identify electrical hazards;

3. Assess the associated risk; and

4. Select the appropriate risk

control methods from the

hierarchy of controls… including

selecting PPE



Qualified person

NB Electrical Installation and

Inspection Act

●“qualified person” means a person

familiar with the construction

and operation of the apparatus

and the hazards involved;

CSA Z462 Clause 3

●Qualified person (worker) — one

who has demonstrated skills and

knowledge related to the

construction and operation of

electrical equipment and

installations and has received

safety training to identify and

avoid the hazards involved.



Maintenance

NB OHS Act Section 9(2) (a)

● [Every employer shall…] ensure that

the necessary systems of work, tools,

equipment, machines, devices and

materials are maintained in good

condition and are of minimum risk to

health and safety when used as

directed …

NB OHS Regulation 287.2

● An employer shall ensure that

electrical equipment and insulating

material for electrical equipment is

suitable for its use and that it is

installed, maintained, modified and

operated in accordance with the

manufacturer’s specifications.

CSA Z462 Clause 5.2.3 Equipment

maintenance

● Electrical equipment shall be

maintained in accordance with the

manufacturer’s instructions or industry

consensus standards to reduce the

risk associated with failure

● The equipment owner or the owner’s

designated representative shall be

responsible for maintenance of the

electrical equipment and

documentation

● Maintenance, tests, and inspections

shall be documented

● See CSA Z463



Requirement to De-energize

NB OHS Regulation 287.3(1)

●An employer shall ensure that the

power supply to electrical

equipment is de-energized,

locked out of service and tagged

before any work is done on the

equipment and while the work is

done on the equipment

CE Code Part I Rule 2-304

●No repairs or alterations shall be carried out on any live equipment...

CSA Z462 Clause 4.3.2.1 General

●Energized electrical conductors

and circuit parts shall be put into

an electrically safe work

condition before a worker

works within the limited approach

boundary of those conductors or

parts.



Exceptions to De-energizing


●Where it is not practicable to de-

energize electrical equipment

before working on or near

energized exposed parts of the

equipment…

CE Code Part I Rule 2-304

● ... except where complete

disconnection of the equipment is

not feasible

CE Code Part I Appendix B

●Not feasible = troubleshooting of control circuits, testing and diagnostics

CSA Z462 Clause 4.3.2.2 Energized

work

4.3.2.2.1 Additional hazards or

increased risk

● Energized work may be performed

when the employer can demonstrate

that de-energizing introduces

additional hazards or increased risk.

4.3.2.2.2 Infeasibility

● Energized work may be performed

when the employer can demonstrate

that the task to be performed is

infeasible in a de-energized state...



Shock Hazards


●An employer shall ensure that no

person other than a qualified

person enters or is permitted to

enter a room or other enclosure

containing exposed parts of

energized electrical equipment

with potential of greater than 30

volts

CSA Z462 Clause 4.1.8.1.1

Testing

●Only qualified persons shall

perform tasks such as testing,

troubleshooting, voltage

measuring, etc., within the limited

approach boundary or arc flash

boundary of energized electrical

conductors or circuit parts

operating at 50 V or more



Shock Hazards


●Where it is not practicable to de-

energize… an employee shall use

rubber gloves, mats, shields and

other protective equipment to

ensure protection from

electrical shocks and burns

while performing the work

CSA Z462 Clause 4.3.3 Working

while exposed to electrical

hazards

●Safety-related work practices for

electrical hazards shall be

determined by a shock risk

assessment


Shock Risk Assessment

CSA Z462 Clause 4.3.4.1 Shock

risk assessment

a) Voltage to which personnel will

be exposed;

b) Boundary requirements; and

c) PPE necessary to minimize the

possibility of electric shock



Approach Boundaries

NB OHS Regulation 289(1)

●An employer shall ensure that an employee who is not a qualified

person does not carry out any work, and no such employee shall carry

out any work, that is liable to bring any person or object closer to an

energized electrical utility line or utility line equipment than the

distances specified in the following table

Phase to Phase

Voltage

NB Regulation

For Utility Lines

CSA Z462 Limited

Approach Boundary

CSA Z462 Restricted

Approach Boundary

Up to 750 V 900 mm 3.0 m 0.3 m

750 V - 100,000 V 3.6 m 3.3 m 1.0 m

100,001 V - 250,000 V 5.2 m 4.0 m 1.7 m

250,001 V - 345,000 V 6.1 m 4.7 m 2.8 m



Arc Flash Hazards

NB OHS Regulation

●287.4(1) Where it is not

practicable to de-energize… an

employee shall use rubber gloves,

mats, shields and other

protective equipment to ensure

protection from electrical

shocks and burns while

performing the work

CSA Z462 Clause 4.3.3 Working

while exposed to electrical

hazards

●Safety-related work practices for

electrical hazards shall be

determined by an arc flash risk

assessment


Arc Flash Risk Assessment

CSA Z462 Clause 4.3.5 Arc flash risk

assessment

● The arc flash boundary

● PPE that personnel within the

arc flash boundary shall use



Arc Flash Boundary

CSA Z462 Clause 3 — Arc flash

boundary

● …an approach limit at a distance from

a prospective arc source within which

a person could receive a second-

degree burn if an electrical arc flash

were to occur

CSA Z462 Clause 4.3.5.3 Arc flash

boundary

● The arc flash boundary shall be the

distance at which the incident energy

equals 1.2 cal/cm2

1.2 cal/cm2


Thermal

Energy

cal/cm2

Distance

Surface


Incident Energy


Incident energy parameters

Ohm’s Law

I = V / Z

Incident = I t

Energy D(x)



Arc Flash PPE

CSA Z462 Clause 4.3.7.3.6 Body

protection

●Workers shall wear arc-rated

clothing wherever exposure to an

electric arc flash above… 1.2

cal/cm2 is possible

CSA Z462 Clause 3 — Arc rating

●The value [in cal/cm2] attributed

to materials that describes their

performance on exposure to an

electrical arc discharge

CSA Z462 Table H.2 — Arc Flash

PPE List


2012 – Hazard/Risk Category Method

2015 – Arc Flash PPE Category Method

Hazard/Risk Category Method

●Requirement for, type and

protective value of PPE

determined by:

● Estimated exposure levels

● Likelihood of an arc flash incident

occurring based on task

●Hazard/Risk Category 0 specified

when arc flash incident unlikely or

impossible

Arc Flash PPE Category Method

●Requirement for arc flash PPE

determined by likelihood of an arc

flash incident occurring

● Task-related factors

● Equipment state of maintenance

factors

●Type and protective value of PPE

determined by

● Estimated exposure levels

●Hazard/Risk Category 0 deleted


Conclusion

CSA Z462-2015 Workplace Electrical Safety

● Is a best practice

●Aligns well with NB Regulations

●Harmonizes with other CSA Standards

● CSA Z1000 OHSMS

● CSA Z1002 OHS Risk Management


[email protected]

electrical safetyworksafenb’s 2014 health and safety conference daniel roberts senior manager,...

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