ELECTRIC VEHICLE READINESS

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Agenda

• Background – County of Los Angeles. • Why Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEVs) & Plug-In

Electric Hybrids (PHEVs) are important. • Current State of the Market and what is

coming… • Basics of EV Infrastructure. • PEVs and Fleets.

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County of Los Angeles • The County is 4,061 square

miles in size. • The County has almost 10.4

million residents - 28% of State’s population.

• Population has grown from 900,000 in the last decade.

• The County has a larger population than all but 9 states.

• 101,000 employees.

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Los Angeles in the 1890’s

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Los Angeles in the 1940’s (Johnny Carson’s quip “I don’t trust breathing air I can’t see…”)

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In the mid-1940’s

the Bureau of Smoke Control

• In 1945 Board of Supervisors creates Director of Air Pollution Control Department.

• The City of Los Angeles establishes the Bureau of Smoke Control within its Health Department.

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AB 32

In 2006, with the passage of AB 32, public agencies and larger firms in California must reduce their GHG emissions to their 1990 levels by 2020 (about 16%), and reduce GHGs by 80% by 2050.

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Elements

• Regional Climate Adaptation Plan – how can we/how do we mitigate the effects, impacts of Climate Change.

• The County’s Climate Action Plan: Candidate Measures to reduce Greenhouse Gases (an Operational Climate Plan).

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Base Line

The County has: • More than 2,200 buildings. • About 14,000 vehicles & pieces of equipment. • Uses 14 million gallons of various fuels. • 101,000 employees.

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Los Angeles County 2009 Municipal GHG Inventory

Building Energy Use35%

Cogeneration Facilities16%Vehicle Fleet

10%

Other Sources*4%

Employee Commute33%

Street Lights, Traffic Signals, and Outdoor

Lighting2%

* Other sources include Owned Landf ills, Refrigerants, Wastewater Treatment Plants, Water Pumps, Miscellaneous (Ammunition, Ethylene Oxide, CO2, and Acetylene), Waste Generation, and Water Consumption.

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Los Angeles County 2009 Municipal GHG Inventory

450,005

212,848

129,512

26,733

428,200

53,754

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

500,000

Building Energy Use

Cogeneration Facilities

Vehicle Fleet Street Lights, Traf f ic Signals, and Outdoor

Lighting

Employee Commute

Other Sources*

Emis

sion

s (M

TCO

2e)

* Other sources include Owned Landfills, Refrigerants, Wastewater Treatment Plants, Water Pumps, Miscellaneous (Ammunition, Ethylene Oxide, CO2, and Acetylene), Waste Generation, and Water Consumption.

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Business As Usual

Anticipated changes (good or bad) and their impacts on emissions from County operations. – County’s population and businesses will continue

to grow; and County services (i.e. Sheriff, Fire, etc.) are provided at similar service level.

– Vehicles become even more fuel efficient, decreasing emissions per-mile-traveled; so even if the number of vehicle miles increase, net vehicle emissions may decrease.

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L. A. County 2020 BAU Forecast and 2009 Municipal GHG

Inventory Comparison

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

500,000

Building Energy Use

Cogeneration Facilities

Vehicle Fleet Street Lights, Traf f ic Signals, and Outdoor

Lighting

Employee Commute

Other Sources*

Emis

sion

s (M

TCO

2e)

2009 Inventory 2020 BAU Forecast

* Other sources include Owned Landfills, Refrigerants, Wastewater Treatment Plants, Water Pumps, Miscellaneous (Ammunition, Ethylene Oxide, CO2, and Acetylene), Waste Generation, and Water Consumption.

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Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)

• One gallon of CARB Reformulated gasoline produces 19.4 lbs of CO2.

• One gallon of CARB ULSD (diesel) produces 22.4 lbs of CO2.

• One gallon of LPG produces 12.17 lbs of CO2 Source: U.S. EPA Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2005 (EPA 2007)

• Electricity’s GHGs are 1/3 of CARB gasoline and about 1/2 the GHGs of CNG or LPG.

• We Kick the Petroleum Habit. • And we Keep our Petro-Dollar$ in California.

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WHY EVs Are Important

• The AQMD’s Rule 2202 requires employers with 250 employees at a site to provide some mitigation.

• 44,000 of the County’s 101,000 employees subject to Rule 2202 work at 70 sites.

• The average employee’s daily commute one way is 24 miles.

• Emissions from the commute of just 44% of the County’s employees generate 428,000 MTCO2e (Scope 3 emissions) and are more than 3x the emissions of the County’s Fleet operations.

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Game Changers?

Plug-In Prius 13~17 miles on charge –

50 MPG can become 100 MPG

Chevy Volt 30 ~ 40 miles on charge

may not use any gas commuting

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EVs are Coming • 2011 – Nissan Leaf

and Chevy Volt. • By 2012 - over 20

production models will be available.

• Industry Consensus 3 Million Plug-in Cars

worldwide by 2015. • 400,000+ EVs in L.A.

before 2020.

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Fiat 500 EV

Daimler Smart EV

BMW Active E

Mitsubishi iMiEV

GM Chevrolet Volt

Ford Focus EV BYD F3DM

Kia Venga EV

Nissan Leaf

Tesla S Sedan

Ford Transit Connect

Plug-In Prius

“Back in the old days…”

In the old days…

• Manufacturers had different charger couplers. (GM and some Toyotas used inductive Paddle-type; Honda & Ford used Avcon; some Toyotas used a cannon plug – similar to J-1772.)

Back in 2000 ~ 2002

• All together, there were fewer than 2,200 EVs from ALL the manufacturers.

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Today

• In 2011, Nissan sold 20,000 LEAFs world-wide.

• 11,000 were sold in the US.

• 4,400 were sold in California.

• More than 80% were purchased not leased.

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• Almost 6,200 Volts (GM now has capacity to build 45,000+ per year.

• 700 BMW ActiveE’s. • 1,100 Honda Fit EVs. • 20,000 Plug-in Prius. • 8,000 Ford Focus EVs. • Cars coming from Fiat,

BYD, CODA, etc.

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“Charging” Today… one common plug (SAE J-1772) LEVEL 1 (110V) LEVEL 2 (220/240V)

Just as cars come with spares, EVs & Plug-In EVs come with Level 1s

Home Charging

EVs and Plug-Ins Infrastructure

• EVs and Plug-in Hybrids will use common charging infrastructure.

• (See second port? That is for DC Fast Charge…)

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Infrastructure:

• Plan for the Future – Extra Conduit and Circuits.

• Think Fleet and Workplace Charging.

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How Do I Find Public Sites?

Need for Charging Infrastructure

• At Home – Single Family – Multi-Family

• At Work – Hospitals – Universities

• At Destinations – Disneyland – Music Center – Universal Studio

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DC Fast Charging - 80% Charge is 30 to 40 minutes

Regional Approach

• In December 2009, CEC released funding opportunities for alternative fuel projects, including one for public EV Infrastructure (AB-118 funds).

• Prepared SoCal EV Collaborative grant application with the City’s Department of Water & Power (LADWP) (Edison was silent partner) for EV Charging Infrastructure in six county area.

• County was to solicit bids for Level 2 EVSE.

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Regional Partners

Cities • Anaheim • Beverly Hills • Burbank • Claremont • El Segundo • Inglewood • Lancaster • Long Beach • Los Angeles (DWP) • Palmdale • Pasadena • Santa Monica • South Pasadena • Thousand Oaks

Colleges, Universities, etc. • U.C. Irvine • U.C. Los Angeles • U.C. Santa Barbara • Cal State Los Angeles • Cal State Fullerton • Los Angeles Community Colleges • Long Beach Community College • Cal Trans District 7 • South Coast AQMD (21 communities) • County of Los Angeles (25 communities)

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Building on the Past

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County’s Solicitation

Purchasing Master Agreement: • Received more than 10 proposals. • 13 manufacturers offering 14 product lines. • Pricing good for 3 years. • Fixed discount on EVSE products. • Quantity discounts.

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Things to Think About:

• Cost Recovery. • UL Listed. • Zigbee wireless, WiFi, and/or cellular network

capabilities. • Interface with existing gate entry and/or parking

systems. • Ability to set hourly rates, limit time at charger

and keep rates low. • Ability to reduce or curtail charging during Peak

Periods (Demand Response).

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Plug-in Hybrid Trucks

• Ford has announced

that its 2013 E-450s and 550s & F-450 and 550 can be ordered as Plug-In Hybrid trucks.

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Plug-in Hybrid Trucks • Aerials can operate up to

3 hours on battery pack without using ANY fuel.

• “So why can’t we just idle the engine like a Prius to charge the batteries?”

• EV’s charge at the equivalent of 60 to 75 cents per gallon and can dramatically reduce GHG emissions.

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Why Fleets?

• Little Maintenance for EVs. • Reduced Maintenance for PHEVs. • Reduced Fuel Costs – 60 to 75 cents per gallon

equivalent. • Over 5 year period, Life Cycle Costing are

equal.

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Barriers for Fleets

• Higher Capital Cost$ for vehicles • Limited Vehicle Range. • High Infrastructure Cost if you must:

– Replace Electrical Panel, – Replace Transformer, – Trench…

• THINK about lighting options…

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WHY EVs Are Important Currently almost 20% of

electricity is from renewables. By 2020, 30% of electricity must

come from renewables.

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CONTACT INFO: RICK TEEBAY COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES - OFFICE OF SUSTAINABILITY RTEEBAY@ISD.LACOUNTY.GOV (323) 267-2023

EVs will be CLEANER the Longer we Drive Them

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