ekivalensi kimia
DESCRIPTION
Ekivalensi kimia. Integral. Spin-Spin Splitting : ( n +1) Rule. Di dalam molekul yang sederhana sekalipun , didapati bahwa masing-masing tipe proton jarang sekali memberikan signal/peak resonansi yang tunggal (singlet) Spin-Spin Splitting. Secara empiris, spin-spin splitting dapat - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ekivalensi kimia
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INTEGRAL
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·Secara empiris, spin-spin splitting dapat dijelaskan dengan aturan ( n + 1 ) :
Tiap jenis proton "merasakan" sejumlah proton ekivalen (n) yang terikat pada atom karbon yang bertetangga dengan atom karbon dimana proton tersebut terikat, sehingga resonansi dari proton tersebut dipecah/di-split menjadi n + 1 signal.
SPIN-SPIN SPLITTING : (N+1) RULE
Di dalam molekul yang sederhana sekalipun, didapati bahwa masing-masing tipe proton jarang sekali memberikan signal/peak resonansi yang tunggal (singlet) Spin-Spin Splitting
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Ratio intensitas dari multiplets yang diturunkan dari (n+1) rule dapat ditentukan dengan menggunakan
Segitiga Pascal
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Roof Effects
Adanya roof effects ini akan bermanfaat untuk menjodohkan multiplet-multiplet yang saling mengadakan kopling satu dengan yang lainnya.
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The Coupling Constant, J (Hertz)Jarak antara garis-garis dalam suatu multiplet yang sederhana
disebut Coupling constant (tetapan kopling), J (Hertz)
-CH2-CH3
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Coupling constant dinyatakan dalam Hertz, dan harga ini tidak tergantung pada frekuensi operasional dari
instrument.
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Cara menghitung coupling constant
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Macam-macam coupling
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Kopling antara hidrogen-hidrogen vicinal sangat tergantung dari besarnya dihedral angle
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Proton A kopling dengan proton C dan proton B kopling dengan proton D
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Kegagalan aturan N+1: Signal dengan lebih dari satu coupling constant.
· Karena adanya non-ekivalensi magnetik dalam satu gugus
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·Karena adanya dua atau lebih set hydrogen yang tidak ekivalen (yang bertetangga)
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Bila suatu set hidrogen dikopel oleh dua set hidrogen yang berbeda dengan coupling constant yang sama,
maka multiplicyti-nya sesuai dengan aturan N + 1.
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