EHS and Chemical HygieneEnvironment, Health and Safety

Environment:

• Air Emissions and Ambient Air Quality • Energy Conservation • Wastewater and Ambient Water Quality • Water Conservation • Hazardous Materials Management • Waste Management • Noise • Contaminated Land and Remediation

Occupational Health and Safety

• General Facility Design and Operation • Communication and Training • Physical Hazards • Chemical Hazards • Biological Hazards • Radiological Hazards • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Special Hazard Environments • Monitoring

Community Health and Safety:

• Water Quality and Availability • Structural Safety of Project Infrastructure • Life and Fire Safety (L&FS) • Traffic Safety • Transport of Hazardous Materials • Disease Prevention • Emergency Preparedness and Response

OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Act

• Created within the Department of Labor– Law created in 1970

Under the OSHA act, – encourage employers and employees to reduce workplace hazards and

to implement new or improve existing safety and health standards; – provide for research in occupational safety and health and develop

innovative ways of dealing with occupational safety and health problems;

– establish "separate but dependent responsibilities and rights" for employers and employees for the achievement of better safety and health conditions;

Administration

OSHA (Cont’d)

– maintain a reporting and recordkeeping system to monitor job-related injuries and illnesses;

– establish training programs to increase the number and competence of occupational safety and health personnel; and,

– develop mandatory job safety and health standards and enforce them effectively.

How does a University Lab fall into this?

General Duty Clause:The general duty clause states that each employer shall furnish "a place of employment which is free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to [its] employees." In those cases where a specific standard does not exist, OSHA will use the general duty clause for the issuance of citations and fines.

Legacy of the Past

Laboratory Safety Issues• Employees - Safety

governed by MIOSHA’s Chemical Hygiene Plan requirements

• Students - Doctrine of Reasonable Care applies

Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)Purpose Provide guidance and protocols for the protection of employees from safety and health effects of laboratory hazardous materials.

Doctrine of Reasonable Care• Duty - What would a reasonable person of ordinary prudence do• Breach of Duty - Failure to conform to the legal duty (an act or failure to act)• Causation - Breach causes the injury

– Direct act– Proximate Cause

• Injury - There must be an injury

Examples of “Negligence” in the Laboratory• Unclear or misunderstood instructions• Instructions do not clearly warn of impending hazards• Lack of safety equipment• Assigned experiment was unnecessarily dangerous• Instructor not adequately trained to supervise

Unclear or Misunderstood Instructions“I must have misunderstood…..”“He speaks a foreign language…..”“I didn’t want to appear stupid…..”“I don’t think the instructor is good at giving directions…..”“I was in a hurry to finish…..”

Instructions do not clearly warn of impending hazards“If it was so dangerous, why wasn’t I told…..”“I don’t remember things until I hear them repeated…..”“The book is unclear…..”“I was just trying to see what happens…..”“No one told me that ether fumes can spread so far…..”

Safety Training Steps• Identify the safety concerns• Restate your concerns• Instructor informs you on the correct methods and safeguards• Repeat information on correct methods and safeguards to yourself. Write in

lab notebook.• Check to make sure there is understanding

Lack of safety equipment• “We don’t require safety glasses all the time…..”• “We do not have the resources to purchase gloves for everyone…..”• “We can’t make them wear lab coats…..”• “We have safety rules posted on the wall…..”

PPEPersonal

ProtectiveEquipment

PPE - Personal Protective Equipment

• Long pants required, no shorts.• No neckties, dangling clothes or dangling jewelry.• Long sleeve shirts recommended.• Tie-up long hair to prevent from entanglement.• Non-porous shoes, no sandals.

Face Protection

• Eye Protection– Glasses

• side shields• Z-87

– Goggles• dusty, chemicals

• Face shield

Hand Protection• Cloth/Leather• Chemical

Proper steps for removing gloves

1 2

3 4

5 6

How to Remove Gloves

HAND WASHING• Hand washing is the single

most effective way to prevent the spread of

infections.– Wash your hands often and thoroughly,

paying special attention to the area around and under your fingernails.

– Wash Hands:• Before and after eating.• After using the restroom.• After removing gloves.• Before leaving lab at the end of the lab

period.– Gloves are not a substitute for routine

hand washing - rather an added protection.

Respirators• Escape

– 1 use or 1 year• Filtering

– Fit test– Fit check

• Supplied Air– SCBA

Disposable Dust/Particulate Respirators

Special Clothing• Aprons• Coveralls• Using Lasers

– dark glasses / shield

Head Protection

• Hard Hats– Change liner every year– New every 5 years

Safety Foot Wear

• Steel Toe• Rubber or Chemical

Hearing Protection• Plugs• Muffs• Custom fit

• When you are not sure about a material - lookup the msds sheet.

Material Safety Data Sheets

DEFINITIONS• Flammable: A substance

having a flash point below 100 degrees Fahrenheit - easily ignited and quick burning.

• Toxic: A substance which has the capacity, through chemical reaction or mixture, to produce injury or harm to the body by entry through absorption, ingestion, inhalation, or injection.

• Caustic: A substance with the capability of burning, destroying or eating away organic tissue by chemical reaction - Corrosive.

• The MSDS is used by chemical manufacturers and vendors to convey hazard information to users.

• MSDS’s should be obtained when a chemical is purchased.

• A chemical inventory list, and MSDS, for each chemical are required.

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS)

READING THE MSDSInformation on the MSDS is organized in 8 sections as follows:

1 Identity The chemical name, trade name and manufacturers name, address and emergency phone number can be found here.

2 Hazardous Ingredients Hazardous ingredients are identified here.

3 Physical and Chemical Characteristics, Boiling/Melting point, vapor pressure and density, water solubility, and appearance/odor can be found here.

4 Fire Data Flash point, flammable limits, extinguishing media, unusual fire/explosion hazards, and any special fire fighting equipment are listed here.

Reading the MSDS8 Sections Continued

5 Health Data Routes of entry (inhalation, ingestion, etc…), effects from short and long term exposure, emergency and first aid procedures fall in this section.

6 Reactivity Data Stability, incompatible materials, hazardous decomposition are among the topics in this area.

7 Spill or Leak Procedures You will find clean-up procedures, waste disposal, and precautions needed when handling/storing materials here.

8 Spill Precaution Information Any personal protective equipment (PPE), ventilation, and work/hygiene practices are noted here.

Utube video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcghjHu60K4

Risk Assessment

1. What are the harmful effects of the material or process?

2. What form is it in?3. What other dangers are involved?4. How do the conditions of the

experiment allow the material to come in contact with me or others?

Job Safety Assessment• Used to determine hazards associated with a particular

experiment / procedure and to control the hazards.• Side benefit: excellent method to organize experiment

and procedure prior to operation.• Can be used as an appendix in thesis.

JSA – Page 1

Used to identify location of experiment.

JSA – Page 1

Provide a brief verbal description of whatthis experiment is supposed to do.

JSA – Page 1

This should summarize all the personal protective equipmentrequired normally in the laboratory and PPE required forthis particular experiment. Equipment that is required allthe time (such as safety glasses) does not need to be listed oneach step of the JSA.

JSA – Page 1

Check all hazards that result due to this experiment.Identify the one major source of the hazard.

JSA – Page 1

List the expected normal, minimum and maximum values for the temperature and pressure.

JSA – Page 2

Check all special operating conditions.

List all equipment available within the laboratory and theirlocation. Show the locations on an attached floor plan.

JSA – Page 2

List the location of the spill response equipment. Showlocation on an attached laboratory diagram.

JSA – Page 2

Provide all the attachments shown, and list anyadditional attachments provided.

JSA – Page 3

List all chemicals (including reactants and products)used for this experiment / procedure, and additionalinformation requested.

JSA – Page 3

Provide information on the chemical toxicology, regulationand disposal. List personal protective equipment specific tothis chemical.

JSA – Page 3

Provide information on the chemical reactions. Include thestoichiometric equation, heat of reaction, and any otherinformation.

JSA – Page 4

Need to be as detailed as possible. Refer to flow diagram ofequipment and floor layout. Safety procedure should be asdetailed as possible, not just “be safe” or “be careful”.

JSA – Page 4Emergency Shutdown:List a few things you can do prior to evacuating the laboratory.

Start-Up Procedure:List the steps to get ready to operate the experiment.

Run Time Procedure:Steps required to operate the experiment.

Shut-down Procedure:Steps required to normally terminate the experiment.

Clean-up / Waste Disposal:Steps required to clean the equipment and dispose of allchemical wastes.

Need to charge 10 ml of acetic anhydride into a test cell.Acetic anhydride is stored in the flammable storage cabinet in a 1-liter container.

JSA – Example

Acetic Anhydride MSDS:

OSHA PEL: 5 PPM OSHA PEL Code: MOSHA STEL: OSHA STEL Code:ACGIH TLV: 5 PPM ACGIH TLV Code: MACGIH STEL: N/P ACGIH STEL Code:EPA Reporting Quantity: 5000 LBSDOT Reporting Quantity: 5000 LBSOzone Depleting Chemical: N

Conclusions from MSDS

1. Perform all open bottle transfer operations in hood.2. Wear Neoprene gloves for all operations.3. Wear face shield and safety goggles.4. Use lab coat.5. Wash hands thoroughly after all transfers.

JSA Steps

JSA Steps

EXTINGUISHER

D

Understand the combustion process and different fire classes.

Understand fire extinguisher types, operating procedures, capabilities, and limitations.

Understand basic firefighting concepts:

R.A.C.E.P.A.S.S.

THE FIRE TETRAHEDRONThe Combustion Process

FUEL

TEMPERATURE

OXYGEN

CHAIN

REACTION

Fire ClassesA Trash Wood Paper C Electrical Equipment

B Liquids GreaseCOMBUSTIBLE

METALS

D

• wood• cloth• paper• rubber• many plastics

• gasoline• oil• grease• tar• oil-based

paint• lacquer• flammable

gases

• energized electrical equipment

• magnesium• sodium• potassium• titanium• zirconium• other

flammable metals

Fire Classes (cont.)

K Cooking Media • Recently recognized by NFPA 10.

• Fires involving combustible vegetable or animal non-saturated cooking fats in commercial cooking equipment.

CLASS K FIRES

Fire Extinguisher Anatomy

DISCHARGE HOSE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE

DISCHARGE ORIFICE

BODY

DATA PLATE

CARRYINGHANDLE

PRESSURE GAUGE(not found on CO2

extinguishers)DISCHARGE LEVER

DISCHARGE LOCKING PINAND SEAL

Fire Extinguisher ApplicationsFIRE CLASS EFFECTIVE EXTINGUISHER TYPES

PRESSURIZED WATER, MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, LARGER SIZE HALON, WET CHEMICAL

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE, HALON

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE, HALON, WET CHEMICAL

COMBUSTIBLE METALD

COMBUSTIBLE

METALS

B Liquids Grease

C Electrical Equipment

A Trash Wood Paper

K Cooking Media

WET CHEMICAL

Fire Extinguisher Types• Class “A” fires only.

• 2.5 gal. water at 150-175 psi (up to 1 minute discharge time).

• Has pressure gauge to allow visual capacity check.

• 30-40 ft. maximum effective range.

• Can be started and stopped as necessary.

• Extinguishes by cooling burning material below the ignition point.

PRESSURIZED WATER

A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease

C Electrical Equipment

A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease

C Electrical Equipment

Fire Extinguisher Types (cont.)

• Class “B” or “C” fires.• 2.5-100 lb. of CO2 gas at 150-200

psi (8-30 seconds discharge time).• Has NO pressure gauge--capacity

verified by weight.• 3-8 ft. maximum effective range.• Extinguishes by smothering burning

materials.• Effectiveness decreases as

temperature of burning material increases.

CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease

C Electrical Equipment

A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease

C Electrical Equipment

Fire Extinguisher Types (cont.)

• Class “A”, “B”, or “C” fires.

• 2.5-20 lb. dry chemical (ammonium phosphate) pressurized to 50-200 psi by nitrogen gas (8-25 seconds discharge time).

• Has pressure gauge to allow visual capacity check.

• 5-20 ft. maximum effective range.

• Extinguishes by smothering burning materials.

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL

A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease

C Electrical Equipment

A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease

C Electrical Equipment

Fire Extinguisher Types (cont.)

• Class “A”, “C”, and “K” fires.• 1.5 gal. of stored pressure PRX wet

chemical extinguishing agent (40 sec. discharge time).

• 10-12 ft. maximum effective range.• On Class “K” fires, don’t use until

after fixed extinguishing system has activated.

• Extinguishes by cooling and forming foam blanket to prevent reignition.

WET CHEMICALA Trash Wood PaperA Trash Wood Paper

C Electrical EquipmentC Electrical Equipment

K Cooking Media

Fire Extinguisher SummaryEXTINGUISHER TYPE WORKS BY EFFECTIVE AGAINST

PRESSURIZED WATER

CARBON DIOXIDE

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL

HALON

COMBUSTIBLE METAL

COOLING

SMOTHERING

SMOTHERING

SMOTHERING

SMOTHERING

D

WET CHEMICAL COOLING/ SMOTHERING

Fire Emergency Response

R Rescue

Alarm

Contain

Extinguish

A

C

E

Firefighting Decision Criteria• Know department emergency procedures and

evacuation routes.• Know locations of extinguishers in your area and how

to use them.• Always sound the alarm regardless of fire size.• Avoid smoky conditions.• Ensure area is evacuated.• Don’t attempt to fight unless:

– Alarm is sounded.– Fire is small and contained.– You have safe egress route (can be reached without

exposure to fire).– Available extinguishers are rated for size and type of fire.

• If in doubt, evacuate!

Fighting the Fire

Sweep side to side

Aim low at the base of flames

Squeeze thehandle

Pull the pinP

A

S

S