egypt’s empire identify key terms : dynasty, sphinx, incense, envoy, authority, astronomy ...
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 5 LESSON 3Egypt’s Empire
Objectives Identify key terms : dynasty, Sphinx,
incense, envoy, authority, astronomy Summarize the important achievements
of Egyptian civilization. Determine the contributions of key
figures from Ancient Egypt.
The Golden Age of Egypt
As the old kingdom weakened, so did Egypt.
After two hundred years, a new dynasty (Ruling Family) came to power and moved the capital south to Thebes.
This time period of peace and prosperity was called the Middle Kingdom.
During this time, Egypt conquered many new lands and made many improvements throughout the country.
The Golden Age of Egypt, continued
Egyptian arts and architecture also thrived during the Middle Kingdom.
During this time, the Egyptians also developed a new kind of architecture. They no longer built pyramids, but rather built tombs in valleys west of the Nile. (The Valley of the Kings)
The Hyksos During the Egyptian civil war, outsiders
called Hyksos invaded Egypt. They were powerful warriors with horses
and chariots. They easily conquered Egypt.
For more than 100 years, the Hyksos ruled Egypt.
Finally, an Egyptian prince named Ahmose formed an army and drove the Hyksos out of Egypt.
This event marked the beginning of the New Kingdom.
The New Kingdom
For about 500 years the New Kingdom prospered.
Egypt conquered more lands and prospered through trade.
This time period was the height of Egypt’s power.
A woman Pharoah A queen named HATSHEPSUT was one of
the few women to rule Egypt. She was an ambitious ruler. She restored many old monuments and she
built magnificent temples. During her rule, trade with other countries
increased. Egyptian traders travelled far and wide to
trade Egyptian goods for rare materials like wood and iron.
Trade and Politics The Egyptians traded wheat, paper, gold,
copper, tin and tools to the Phoenicians for purple dye, wood and furniture.
All this trade in the Mediterranean helped to make Egypt wealthy.
The Egyptians also developed political ties between Egypt and other kingdoms.
To maintain close ties, the Egyptians sent ENVOYS (representatives) to other countries and married into other ruling families.
Expanding the Empire
When HATSHEPSUT dies, her nephew THUTMOSE III becomes pharaoh.
THUTMOSE III was a strong leader and a great general.
He conquered many areas and brought more wealth to Egypt.
Two Unusual Pharaohs
Amenhotep IV tried to change Egypt’s religion. He began the worship of Aton (Ra), the sun god) as
Egypt’s only god. Many Egyptians rejected this change and continued
to worship in the old ways. When he died, the old ways were restored.
When Amenhotep dies, his son in law, Tutankhamen becomes pharaoh.
He does away with the new religion and restores the old ways. He only rules for nine years before he dies.
King Tut is famous because his tomb was found intact and it gave us an idea of how
wealthy the pharaohs were.
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Recovery and Decline During the 1200s BCE, the pharaohs worked to
restore Egypt’s greatness. The most successful of these pharaohs was
Ramses II. He conquered new lands and also made many
temples and monuments to his rule. One of the most magnificent temples was built
at Karnak. To this day, visitors are still awed by its awesomeness.
After Ramses dies, the Egyptian Empire goes in decline and eventually gets conquered by outsiders.
Karnak
The Great Sphinx
Any Questions ?