efislaen0916 ppt -technical rescuer fundamentals ... · explain the basic fundamentals of ropes and...

Your Health. Your Safety. Our Commitment.

Technical Rescuer FundamentalsInstructor ManualSAMPLE

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The information presented here is, to the best of our knowledge, current at time of printing and is intended for general application. This publication is not a definitive guide to government regulations or to practices and procedures wholly applicable under every circumstance. The appropriate regulations and statutes should be consulted. Although the Public Services and Health Association (PSHSA) cannot guarantee the accuracy of, nor assume liability for, the information presented here, we are pleased to answer individual requests for counselling and advice.

All material copyright 2017 Public Services Health & Safety Association. You may make no claim to copyright in any materials incorporating or derived from these materials.

All other rights reserved.

Public Services Health and Safety Association (PSHSA)4950 Yonge Street, Suite 1800Toronto, Ontario M2N 6K1CanadaTelephone: 416-250-2131Fax: 416-250-7484Toll Free: 1-877-250-7444Web site: www.pshsa.ca

Connect with us: @PSHSAca

Technical Rescuer

Fundamentals

Copyright © 2017

Product Code: EFILGAEN06916

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Technical Rescuer Fundamentals NFPA 1006 Chapter 5 Instructor Manual

This is the Public Services Health and Safety Association (PSHSA) Technical Rescuer Fundamentals NFPA 1006 chapter 5 course. It is designed for the Emergency Services Fire Sector. Technical Rescuers have specialized training and skills to conduct high risk rescues. This is a foundational course that ensures you understand the basics of technical rescue operations.

The goal of this course is to meet the job performance requirements of NFPA 1006 Standard for Technical Rescuer Professional Qualifications, Chapter 5, 2013 Edition. NFPA 1006 Chapter 5 establishes common knowledge and skill requirements, which must be met prior to pursuing certification in any of the specialized technical rescue disciplines listed in NFPA 1006.

Learning Objectives Set up site operations for rescue Triage, move and stabilize victims for transfer to EMS Conduct ongoing inspection and maintenance of personal protective

equipment and rescue equipment Explain the basic fundamentals of ropes and rigging Perform basic rope and rigging tasks

Preparing for the Course

In order to prepare yourself for teaching this course, you should read the Participant's Workbook and this Instructor Manual thoroughly. Make any notes that will help you teach the material when you are in front of your class.

Prior to the class, ensure that the classroom is set up to encourage discussion, and that all the electronic equipment is on and ready, and that you have any handouts needed. Prepare any flip charts in advance.

Delivering the Course: Whenever possible, illustrate the basic principles outlined in the course

with examples from the participant's workplace and encourageparticipants to do the same.

Participants can refer to their Participant's Workbook when completingactivities during the class.

Technical Rescuer Fundamentals Instructor Manual

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Depending on the size of the class and the time at your disposal, it maybe more efficient to complete activities as a class, rather than havingparticipants work in small groups.

Equipment & Materials Needed: Computer and digital projector Flipchart/coloured markers/pens OR whiteboard/pens Equipment:

o A complete cache of Rope Rescue equipment; including but notlimited to; Portable radios Life Safety Harness Software

• Life Safety Rope• Webbing• Prusik

Hardware• Descent Control Devices (DCD)• Belay Devices• Carabineers• Rigging Plate

Edge Protection Participant's Workbooks, Instructor Manual, Slide Presentation, and

Facilitator Kit Prizes for activities for Day 1, 2 and 3 – examples; Timbits, chocolates,

candies etc. Rope with tears, cuts, discolouration

Course Duration: 5 days (4 days + 1 day evaluation)

If any of your training materials are missing or damaged, please call PSHSA at (416) 250-2131 or toll free at 1-877-250-7444. If you require any technical assistance to complete this program, call PSHSA at the above numbers.

Good luck with your training, and remember; when it comes to workplace health and safety, you and your participants can make a difference.

A special thank you to Mississauga Fire and Emergency Services for providing PSHSA subject matter expertise for the development of this course.


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Insert Personal Facilitation Notes: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Say:

• Welcome to Technical Rescuer Fundamentals

• Technical Rescuers have specialized training and skills to conduct high risk rescues. This is a foundationalcourse that ensures you understand the basics of technical rescue operations.

• My Name is _______________________• Also instructing this course are ____________________________________ [introduce otherinstructors, if any]• My experience with Tech Rescue includes _____________________________________________• My and the other instructors’ role in this course is to facilitate course sessions and guide hands onactivities and evolutions.

• We have provided you with a comprehensive Participant Workbook. This workbook contains all of thecourse content, and will be referenced throughout the training. It is designed to be a resource for you after course completion.

• Your course completion does not grant certification. To achieve certification you will be required tosuccessfully complete the Office of the Fire Marshal and Emergency Management written knowledge test, requiring a 70% pass rate, and skills evaluations.

• Testing will be conducted on day 5 of the course.o You must be present for 100% of the course and complete all components to be eligible forcertification testing.

• Some house keeping items before we begin;o Emergency exits;» Washrooms; » Use of cell phones during class sessions» Additional site specific details, etc.


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• The goal of this course is to meet the job performance requirements of NFPA 1006 Standard forTechnical Rescuer Professional Qualifications, Chapter 5, 2013 Edition. NFPA 1006 Chapter 5 establishes common knowledge and skill requirements, which must be met prior to pursuing certification in any of the specialized technical rescue disciplines listed in NFPA 1006.

• The list of job performance requirements for NFPA 1006 Chapter 5 is provided for your reference in theAppendix of this participant workbook. These job performance requirements and requisite skills and knowledge will be addressed throughout the course.


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• Specifically after completing this course you be able to:» Set up site operations for rescue » Triage, move and stabilize victims for transfer to EMS» Conduct ongoing inspection and maintenance of personal protective equipment and rescue

equipment» Explain the basic fundamentals of ropes and rigging» Perform basic rope and rigging tasks

• These learning objectives will be addressed through: classroom presentations, case study analysis,group discussion and activities, knowledge checks, practical skills training and assessment. Portions of this course are physically demanding.


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Say:

• Lets first discuss the standards and legislation that are relevant to fundamental technical rescue


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Say: Standards and Legislation

• These include» NFPA Standards» The Occupational Health and Safety Act» Section 21 Guidance Notes for Improving Health and Safety in the Fire Service» Policies and Procedures

Ask:• Why do we need to review standards and legislation?

» The documents specify requirements we must follow and standards we must meet when preforming technical rescue. Let’s look specifically at each of the relevant standards, legislation and documents that focus on the relevant requisites we must meet


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• The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) creates standards for all aspects of the fire service.Specifically, the standards that apply to technical rescue are those listed on the screen.

Note: • The NFPA was created by emergency services personnel• Fire departments, or the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ), may choose to adhere to all or part of

these standards• To achieve NFPA certification, all components of the standards must be adhered to.• Certification is achieved through the International Fire Service Accreditation Congress (IFSAC) and

Pro Board™ Accreditation

» The International Fire Service Accreditation Congress (IFSAC) is a not‐for‐profit, peer‐driven, self‐governing system of both fire service certifying entities and higher education fire‐related degree programs. It is the mission of IFSAC to plan and administer a high‐quality, uniformly delivered accreditation system with an international scope.”

» The Pro Board ™ establishes an internationally recognized means of acknowledging professional achievement in the fire service and related fields. The accreditation of organizations that certify uniform members of public fire departments, both career and volunteer, is the primary goal. But, other organizations with fire protection interests may also be considered for participation. Accreditation is generally provided at the Provincial level to the empowered certifying authority of that jurisdiction.”

Note to Instructor:• Refer participants to NFPA Standards online ‐ link provided on page 10 in the Participant Workbook


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Say:

• The NFPA Standard specifies Job Performance Requirements (JPRs) and the requisite knowledge andskills rescuers must have to accomplish the JPRs.

• Chapter 5 is the foundation for all the subsequent specific topics that are detailed in the subsequentchapters:

» Chapter 6 ‐ Rope Rescue» Chapter 7 ‐ Confined space rescue» Chapter 8 ‐ Trench rescue» Chapter 9 ‐ Structural collapse» Chapter 10 ‐ Vehicle rescue» Chapter 11 ‐ Surface water rescue» Chapter 12 ‐ Swift water rescue» Chapter 13 ‐ Dive rescue» Chapter 14 ‐ Ice rescue» Chapter 15 ‐ Surf Rescue» Chapter 16 ‐Wilderness Rescue» Chapter 17 ‐Mine and Tunnel Rescue» Chapter 18 ‐ Cave Rescue» Chapter 19 ‐Machinery Rescue


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• NFPA 1670» Provides a guideline to the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) for establishing levels of functional capability at technical rescue incidents.» Operational levels include:

o Awarenesso Operationso Technician

• NFPA 1670 specifies that» Rescue organizations must be trained to a minimum of awareness level for the type of incidents they will respond to» AHJ will ensure there is a training program in place commensurate with the determined operational level


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• NFPA 1951 is a Manufacturer’s Standard.» It specifies the minimum design, performance, testing, and certification requirements for technical rescue protective ensembles and their components for use by emergency services personnel during technical rescue incidents


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• NFPA 1983 is also a Manufacturer’s Standard» It specifies the minimum design, performance, testing, and certification requirements for life safety rope and equipment for emergency services personnel

o It applies toLife safety ropeEscape ropeWater rescue throwlinesLife safety harnessesBeltsVictim extrication devicesLittersEscape webbingEscape systemsAuxiliary equipment


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• The Occupational Health & Safety Act (OHSA) applies to all workplaces

• Regulations are guiding laws specific to work/workplace hazards and outline how to apply the Act; forexample ‐‐

» Regulation 851 Industrial Establishments» Regulation 213 Construction Projects

• Standards give specific technical information and are often developed by industry professionalsExamples:

» NFPA Standards» CSA Standards

• Codes help outline and support regulations and are developed by experts• Examples:

» Ontario Building Code » Ontario Fire Code

• Guidelines are detailed rules or policies created by experts and/or government, but are notenforceable on their own; Examples:

» Section 21 Guidelines


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• Health and Safety regulations and Standards that could affect technical rescue operations include thoselisted on the screen.

• Exemptions are in place for rescuers conducting emergency work under some Ontario Regulations» Refer to the specific regulation for more information


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• Guidance Notes are developed through the Ontario Fire Service Advisory Committee on OccupationalHealth & Safety under Section 21 of the Occupational Health & Safety Act. The purpose of guidance notes is to advise and make recommendations on matters relating to the occupational health and safety of all firefighters in the Province of Ontario.

• You can access the Fire Guidance notes via: http://www.oafc.on.ca/section‐21‐manual


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Say:

So we have reviewed basic standards and legislative requirements. Lets discuss what we actually need to do in the field.

Ask:

• What do we need to know about Site Operations?

Field responses from class

• In this section we’ll cover the following topics;

» Sizing up a Rescue Incident » Incident Command System (ICS) and Incident Action Plans (IAP)» Identifying and Managing Resources » Rehabilitation Areas» Incident Communications and Operational Commands » Managing Incident Hazards and Operational Risk» Lighting Equipment

Corresponding JPR’s to these topics are listed in your Participant Workbook page 16

Click to next slide


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Say: Sizing up a Rescue Incident

Ask:

• What do you need to determine when sizing up an incident such as the one on the screen?

Write responses on flipchart; guide discussion


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Ask:

• What is Size‐Up?

Field responses

• Click to reveal definition


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• As we discussed, we size up a Rescue Incident to identify its nature and severity and to determinewhat we need to do.

» Crews begin size‐up at time of dispatch with information provided» Once on scene confirmation of details and additional information gathering» Locate and identify witnesses and site contact, assess for hazards, cordon off area, update

incoming crews, rescue versus recovery

• Resource Considerations» Type of rescue and needed resources » Is your organization trained in this type of rescue? » Are responding resources capable of managing incident?» Are additional resources needed?

o Mutual Aid agreements, Provincial or Federal resources, such as HUSAR teams andMilitary

o Community resources, such as onsite experts, heavy equipment and operators, localutilities, lumber yards


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• Information Gathering Techniques are critical to sizing up a rescue incident.

Sources may include: • Pre‐incident plans of facilities or locations within a response area which pose high‐risk or unique

hazards• Dispatch information received from the reporting party at an incident• Rescuer observations and assessment of the incident scene including identifying on‐scene experts• Witness statements from those who were present at the time of the incident• Technical reference materials used by rescuers or available on site


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Ask:

• Why do we need to do pre‐incident planning?

Field responses from the group, then click to reveal and say:

• Preparation is key to the success of a rescue operation and pre‐incident planning helps to show thepermanent hazards in the area, the frequency and potential for incidents to occur, and any personal protective equipment or other equipment that would be required for specific rescues.


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• Follow the instructions on the slide and complete the activity.

Notes to Instructor:

• This is an individual activity followed by a short take up of answers in a large group.• Direct participants to page 20 in the Participant Workbook to complete size up information (5 minutes)• Guide a discussion on sizing up the incident. (5 minutes):

• Scenario: A hiker fell approximately 100 ft down a ravine. Victim is complaining of a broken leg. He islocated approximately 300m from the nearest access point which is near the intersection of Midland Avenue and Fishleigh Drive.

• Field participants answers on:» Type of Incident» # and location of victims» Potential Hazards » Potential resources needed

• Expected Responses: Potential Hazards» Type of Incident

o Low angle rescue» # and location of victims

• 1 victim with injuries, 100 ft down ravine, 300 metres from the intersection of MidlandAvenue and Fishleigh Drive.o Environmental (temperature, weather, etc)o Ground Conditions (potential for slips, trips, falls)

» Potential resources neededo Rope rescue teamo Littero EMS


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Say:

• Upon arrival, rescuers gather information first hand using their own observations, allowing them tomake a rapid assessment of the situation

Ask:

• What information are rescuers looking for?

Field responses from group, then click to reveal

Say:

• Rescuers should attempt to answer the following questions:» What has occurred? Does it match the initial dispatch information?» Have witnesses and reporting parties been identified and interviewed?» How many victims, where are they and what is their status?» Observe weather, time of day, day of week and how this will impact rescue operations?» Is it reasonable to attempt a rescue? Or should the operation be conducted as a body recovery? » Is the situation stable, or getting worse?» What is likely to occur without immediate intervention?» What safety issues, or hazards, are involved?» Are the resources on scene or enroute sufficient to handle the incident or are additional resources required?


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Ask:

• What will you ask in witness Interviews?

Field responses:

Say:

• WHO is the victim; name, age, gender• WHAT happened; circumstances surrounding the incident• WHEN did the incident occur; time of day• WHERE was the victim last scene; location known or unknown• WHY was the victim there; work, recreation, trespassing


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• Rescuers have access to a variety of technical reference materials. These materials may be used fortraining, pre‐planning, or at an emergency scene and many are available in an electronic form which can be particularly useful in the field.


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Insert Personal Facilitation Notes: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Say:

• Part of sizing up a rescue incident is being able to relay important information to other personnel.

• In this exercise we are going to practice how to gather and relay information. A crew of 5 volunteers will reviewthe capsized canoe case study. They will relay the information to the class who will complete the table on page 23 in the Participant Workbook.

• Group discussion will follow to assess the effectiveness of the relayed information.

Note to Instructor:Ask for 5 volunteers. Provide them with the handout of the Capsized Canoe case study (This is a separate sheet located in your facilitator kit). • Tell crew they have 5 minutes to review the case study and relay the information to the class• Guide class discussion (10 minutes), using the discussion questions listed below.

Case Study Details:

• Scenario: A shore fisherman sees a capsized canoe floating downstream and calls 911• Background: Fisherman arrived at river at 05:00 and began fishing. Around 05:30 he heard some people talkingup river but out of sight, he didn’t notice when the talking stopped but a short time later he saw the canoe floating past.• Location: River• Date & Time: April 14; 06:00 Hours• Weather: Overcast• Hazards: Rocky shore and fast moving water• Other Information: None

Discussion Questions:

• What is the incident?» Potential swift water rescue

• Are there any witnesses?» Fisherman

• Are there any victims, how many?» Unknown

• What are the next steps?» Ground search of shoreline

• Are there any hazards to rescuers?» Difficult search area along shoreline

• Are additional resources needed?» Police (marine, helicopter)


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Say:

• The final topic for today. We’ll start discussing Ropes and Rigging.

• This section covers the following topics;» Ropes and Knots » Principles of Rigging and System Safety Checks» Anchor Systems» Edge Protection» Lowering Systems – Construction and Operation» Mechanical Advantage Systems – Construction and Operation» Belay Systems – Construction and Operation


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Say:

• The tying of knos, bends and hitches given ropes and webbing is fundamental to the role of the technicalrescuer.


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• Knot efficiency specifically refers to the percentage of strength remaining in the rope after a knot is tied.Knot efficiency is shown as a percentage of the Minimum Braking Strength (MBS) of a rope.

• Tight bends in knots, for instance, will weaken a rope.


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Ask:

• A Figure Eight on Bight has a knot efficiency of 80%. What would be the MBS of the knot when tied on arope with an MBS of 9000 lbf?

Click to reveal

Say:

• 7200 lbf

• In general, knots with tighter bends will cause greater strength loss than knots with more open bends.


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Say:

• These are the final representations of the knots, bends and hitches that we will be learning to tie.

• Note to instructor: Refer participants to Appendix B in the Participant Workbook for step by stepinstructions and images for tying knots.


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Say:

• Note to instructor: Refer participants to Appendix B in the Participant Workbook for step by stepinstructions and images for tying knots.


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• Later this afternoon you will do a practical skill to construct a single anchor point.JPR Reference: 5.5.2; 5.5.12


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Insert Personal Facilitation Notes: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Say:

• Anchor selection is often obvious, however at times it can be a challenge. Look for anchors that are stable, strongand in a location suitable for your operation. Experience and practice will provide confidence in anchor selection.

Click to reveal

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• Anchors can be categorized into 3 types.

Click to reveal

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• Natural anchors are an obvious consideration in the natural environment. Healthy and well‐rooted trees withtrunks great than 6” in diameter and large stable rocks are good natural anchors

Click to reveal

Say:

• In the urban environment, structural anchors are more common. Potential anchors can include: window washinganchors, load‐bearing I‐beams, billboard anchors, bridges, concrete columns, elevator and stairwell penthouses. When selecting structural anchors, watch for signs of poor integrity such as rust, corrosion, weathering, and deterioration of mortar and brickwork.

Click to reveal

Say:

• Portable anchors are anchors which may be transported in to your rescue scene. Fire trucks and tripods arecommonly used portable anchors. Some fire trucks are equipped with frame mounted attachment points designed for rigging. If this is not the case use the strongest points such as the frame or axles. In addition, the fire truck must be parked on solid ground with the wheels chocked and emergency brake activated. Follow local lock‐out protocols to ensure the vehicle cannot be started or moved during rescue operations. This may require assigning someone to stand guard at the vehicle.


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Say:

• Equipment used for the creation of a single point anchor system includes an anchor and a configurationof rope, webbing and supportive hardware. The strength of an anchor system is determined by the components used in its construction.

Ask:• What are some examples?

Field responses, then click to reveal

• Anchor Straps• Tensionless Hitch• Wrap 3‐Pull 2


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Say:

• The Tensionless Hitch is constructed by tying a Figure‐Eight on a Bight to the end of a rope, thenwrapping the rope around an anchor enough times that it won’t slip under load. Secure the rope with a carabiner by clipping the Figure‐Eight on a Bight to the working part of the rope. Small diameter or smooth anchors will require more wraps than an anchor which is larger or has a rough surface. A minimum of three wraps should be used when constructing a tensionless hitch. A Tensionless Hitch, which maintains 100% of the rope strength because it works on friction, can be used to build a single point anchor.

• Refer to Appendix B in the Participant Workbook for steps on how to construct a tensionless hitch


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• Webbing – either flat or tubular ‐ can also be used to construct a single point anchor. The preferredmethod for securing webbing to an anchor is the Wrap 3‐Pull 2. In this method, webbing is wrapped around an anchor 3 times and then secured in the front with a water bend. Once tied, this configuration results in three loops. With the water bend held against the anchor and the loops pulled forward, the result is four legs of webbing. A Wrap 3‐Pull 2 will result in 100% knot efficiency.

• Refer to Appendix B in the Participant Workbook for steps on how to construct a wrap 3‐pull 2


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• Edge Protecetion is used to protect rope and webbing from sharp or abrasive edges and a variety ofmaterials, products and techniques may be used for this purpose.


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Instructor Required Materials: metal rollers, canvas, plastic rope guide, velcro padded sleeve

Ask:

• What are some materials that can be used to protect ropes and webbing?

Examples of expected responses: • Edge rollers (all metal)• Pads (canvas tarps)• Guards (sleeves)• Clean salvage covers

Click to reveal

Say:

• Edge protection is the most effective method of mitigating the hazards associated with sharp or abrasiveedges. It should never become a after thought, or seen in anyway as less important than the other components of the rope rescue system.

• This slide shows examples of some purpose built edge protection.

• However, nearly anything can be used as edge protection in a pinch, such as:»Gear bags»Blankets»Turnout coats

• Refer to Appendix C in the Participant Workbook for steps on how to place edge protection.


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Your Health. Your Safety. Our Commitment.

Public Services Health and Safety Association (PSHSA)4950 Yonge Street, Suite 1800 Toronto, Ontario M2N 6K1CanadaTelephone: 416-250-2131Fax: 416-250-7484Toll Free: 1-877-250-7444Web site: www.pshsa.ca

Connect with us: @PSHSAca

Product Code:EFILGAEN0916

Technical Rescuer Fundamentals

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efislaen0916 ppt -technical rescuer fundamentals ... · explain the basic fundamentals of ropes and...

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