FEBRUARY 2009

OVERVIEWOBJECTIVESRIGGER’S CHECKLISTRIGGER QUALIFICATIONS &

RESPONSIBILITIESSLING SELECTIONSLING INSPECTION AND USESLING LOAD CAPACITYSAFE WORK PRACTICESRIGGING HARDWARESECTION REVIEW EXERCISE

Types of SlingsSelecting SlingsInspecting SlingsCorrect Sling and Rigging Hardware

Uses

Know the weight of the loadKnow the Centre of Gravity of the LoadMake the load attachment above the CoGKnow the rated capacities of the sling Inspect all rigging gearProtect the SlingProtect the loadDo not use hand-tucked slingsAllow for low D/d ratios on wire ropeEqualise loading on multiple legged slingsAllow for reductions when using choker

hitches

Allow for sling angles when forcing the choker down

Use alloy or Grade 8 chainKeep personnel clear of the areaLift the load a few inches stop and

check riggingStart and stop all movements slowlyWatch for obstructions and power linesUse proper hand signalsMaintain load controlObserve the law of gravityBe on the alert at all times

A RIGGER is anyone who attaches or detaches lifting equipment to load or lift devices.

To be considered a qualified Rigger, the person should have successfully completed a rigging training programme.

Crane load rigging should only be performed by a qualified RIGGER.

Alloy Chain Slings Wire Rope Slings Synthetic Web Slings Fibre Rope Slings Consider the following

Right Size andRight Capacity of the rigging and hardwareRight materialMethod of attachmentPossibility of rigging damaging the objectPotential hazardsLength of sling

Sling identification Material strength Design factor Type of hitch Angle of loading Diameter of curvature Fabrication efficiency

Types of Slings Alloy Steel Chain slings Synthetic web and round slings Wire rope slings Synthetic fibre rope slings

Sling bend

Slings must be used within their rated load capacities.

Some factors can affect the rated capacities after a certain period of usage

Sling angle

Ensure that hook is directly atop CoGCoG should always be below the lifting

pointsChoose the right type of slings for

irregularly shaped loadsCentre the load in the bowl of the load

hookUsing attachmentsSafe lifting and movingStoring equipment

Shackles Hooks Rings, links and swivels Pad eyes, eyebolts and other attachment

points Turnbuckle Wire rope clips Spreader and equaliser beams Sheaves and blocks Cargo Nets All hardware should be

Identifiable InspectedProperly operated

Attempt the exercises in pages 33 – 34.

DETERMINING LOAD WEIGHTMETRIC CONVERSION CHARTWEIGHT CALCULATIONSMATERIAL WEIGHT ESTIMATIONCENTRE OF GRAVITY AND BALANCEWEIGHT DISTRIBUTIONSLING ANGLESRIGGING MATH EXERCISE

You can find an item’s weight from:Data on the Manufacturer Label PlatesManufacturer documentationBlueprints or drawingsTechnical manualsShipping receiptsEngineering evaluationsWeigh the item

Basic rules for calculating weights

Use the charts in pages 37 and 38

Using area and volumeUse the right method for the right

itemFind the area first

Use the table of weights on page 47 to determine the weight of the materials in the selection list 1 – 12.

Load weights calculating table in page 48

Attempt the exercises in pages 49 – 51.

CoG is the place in all objects where the entire weight acts like it is concentrated in that one point.

The location of the CoG is the most important factor in rigging

For symmetrical objects it falls in the middle

For other objects irregularly shaped, the CoG must be calculated.

Ignoring the CoG can be very dangerous.

Five step Processes to Finding the CoGSeparate the object into sections or by componentsDetermine the weight of each sections or

componentsForm a reference end, measure the distance to the

Centre of each component. It is mandatory to take the measurement from the same reference point or end.

Multiply each section weight by the section’s measured distance from the reference to its centre

Add together and divide by the total weight of all the sections.

The answer will give you the number of feet from the reference end to the CoG.

Weight distribution is directly proportional to the horizontal distance between the object’s CoG and its attachment points or bearing points...

Determining the Weight Distribution following the steps in page 60 - 61

Sling angle stressPerpendicular sling angleHorizontal sling angleThe Lift TriangleAngle factor chart

Determine the sling angleLocate angle on chartUse corresponding Angle factorMultiply angle factor by weight carried in

leg

Formula for Sling Angle Stress: Points to considerCoG equal distance from attachment

pointsAttachment points relatively levelSling lengths are equal

Rigging Gear CapacitiesAttempt the Rigging Math Exercise in

pages 76 – 80.

OVERVIEWOBJECTIVESTYPES OF COMMUNICATIONHAND SIGNALSSTANDARD VOICE SIGNALSSPECIAL SIGNALSAUDIBLE TRAVEL SIGNALSAUDIBLE EMERGENCY SIGNALHAND SIGNAL EXERCISES

The following will be covered in this sectionThe need for standard communicationsThe standard hand signals Using voice communicationsUsing other audible devices

Hand signals on pages 85 – 88 have following merits:They are a standard methodThey are visible to allThey require no batteriesThey do not rely on frequency or wireless

signalRadio/Telephone or other voice devicesOther audible devices such as a horn or

siren

Special signalsAudible travel Signals

STOPGO AHEADBACK UP

Audible Emergency SignalMobile Crane Hand Signal Exercises on

pages 91 – 93Overhead Crane Hand signal Exercises

on page 94

OVERVIEWOBJECTIVESMAIN RIGGING HAZARDSELECTROCUTIONCRUSHINGSECTION REVIEW EXERCISE

Case Studies highlight hazards in pages 96 -97Case 1: Hoisting Error Injures RiggerCase 2: An ironworker suffered a

fractured pelvis while performing lifting and rigging activities at a storage building construction project.

Case 3: Accident in a steelwork project site

Section will coverHazards encountered in rigging operationsSteps to prevent accidentsEmergency procedures to follow when an accident

occurs Upon completion of the section you will be able to

Identify the electrical hazards in mobile crane operations

List the steps necessary to avoid accidents with electrical hazards.

Name the steps to follow in case of an accident resulting from each hazard

These are usually caused byLoad instabilityLack of communicationElectrocution (electrical contact)Miscellaneous

The following attitudes are accident proneWe had to get the job doneWe have always done it that wayIt was the operator’s fault

Powerline contactOverloadingFailure to use outriggers/soft ground

and structural failureTwo blockingPinchpointMoving partsUnsafe hooksObstruction of visionSheave caused cable damage

Cable KinkingSide PullBoom BucklingAccess to cabsControl confusionTurntable failureRemovable or Extendible counter

weight systemsMachine not levelTravel upset in mobile hydraulic

cranes

Loss of controlLoss of stowed jib boomsBoom disassembly on lattice work

boom cranesInadvertent loss of load on lattice

work boom cranesConductive cable for remove control

and controls accessible to an operator standing on the ground

Wind and long boom cranes

Follow the Electrical Clearing Guide on page 104 Observations/activities before a lift Observations/activities during a lift If the Crane contact a power line:

Try to swing the crane away from the power line If this is not possible, stay in the cab Warn others to stay away from the crane Have the power shut off.

If the crane is on fire or another reason that you absolutely must leave the crane: Climb to the lowest step and jump clear from the

crane, landing with both feet together Do not step off the crane Hop or make small shuffle steps away from the crane

Second greatest cause of deaths and injuries Can result from the crane falling over or a worker

getting caught in moving parts or structural failure

Before the lift Conduct a pre-operational inspection, making sure

that the following are trueCrane is properly set upThe wire rope is not wornAll required maintenance has been conductedThere are no adverse weather conditions

During the inspectionEnsure crane is not runningKeep hands away from moving partsHold a pre-lift meeting of all personnelInstruct riggers in the proper way to rig and handle loads

During a Lift Lift the load slightly off the ground to ensure rigging

holds properly Use a tag line when the rotation of the load becomes

hazardous Handle the load carefully and smoothly Do not make any lift until the signal person gives the

proper signal Watch for pinchpoints between the load and the crane

or other items Refuse the lift if the load will be carried over anyone or

any critical equipment Never allow anyone to ride on or with a load while

lifting Know the weight of the load to be lifted

Section Review Exercise on page 111.

CHAIN SLING INSPECTION

WIRE ROPE INSPECTION

SYNTHETIC SLING INSPECTION

WIRE ROPE BREAKING STRENGTH

LOAD PLANNING WORKSHEET

Thank you very much and I hope you have benefitted from the Training.

PROOFLOAD SERVICES LIMITED