efficiency evaluation of vegetable oils for deep drawing ..... 2556 16-18 2556 efficiency evaluation...
TRANSCRIPT
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Efficiency Evaluation of Vegetable Oils for Deep Drawing Process
1* 2 1,2
E-mail: [email protected]*
Jiraporn Sripraserd1*Ratchanee Hato2
1,2Department of Tool and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut�s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
E-mail: [email protected] *
(SUS430)
1:3 1:1 3:1
SKD11 (JIS) 60±2 HRC
0.12 ISO CUT 507 0.134
1.83 ISO CUT 507
Abstract
The objective of this research was to study the possibility of using vegetable oils instead of synthetic lubricant for deep drawing process of ferritic stainless steel, SUS 430 (JIS). In this study, three types of
base lubricants were selected; coconut oil, palm oil and castor oil. Mixing of palm oil and coconut oil by the ratio of 1:3, 1:1 and 3:3 were applied. A ball-on-disk tribometer has been used to systematically
evaluate the friction coefficient. The limiting drawing ratio of SUS 430 when using various kinds of lubricants was investigated by Universal Sheet Metal Testing Machine. Tool was made from cold work
tool steel, SKD11 (JIS) and was hardened to 60±2 HRC. The results show that coconut oil and castor oil
are the best lubricant with the lowest friction coefficient of 0.12 while the synthetic oil ISO CUT 507 has a friction coefficient of 0.134. In addition, castor oil has given the maximum limiting drawing ratio of 1.83
equal to synthetic oil ISO CUT 507.
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Keywords: Stainless Steel, Deep Drawing Process, Lubricant, Vegetable Oil, Friction Coefficient,
Limiting Drawing Ratio
1.
(High carbon-high
chromium cold-work tool steel)
(Adhesion)
(Scratch)
(SUS430)
SKD11 (JIS)
1:3 1:1 3:1
ISO CUT 507
2.
2.1
Ball-on-Disk [1]
1 (Normal load, N)
(F)
( ) (1)
N
F (1)
SKD11 60 2HRC (Disk)
SUS430
( 1) 1 N
(Contact pressure)
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[3-5] 40 mm/s 250 m
1 [2]
1
Lubricant Viscosity (cSt) Price
@40oC @100oC (Baht/Liter)
ISO CUT 507 54.21 5.57 150
Coconut oil 25.56 6.96 120
Palm oil 41.26 8.14 45
Castor oil 249.40 19.21 70
Ratio of mixing
of palm oil &
coconut oil
1:3 31.34 7.21 101.25
1:1 35.28 7.39 82.50
3:1 39.02 7.84 63.75
2.2
(2)
d
d
1
0 (2)
( )
( d0)
( d1)
(Limiting Drawing
Ratio; max) ( 2)
SKD11 60 2HRC
42.5 mm 41.6 mm SUS430 0.4 mm
60-80 mm
( 2 mm) (Universal sheet metal testing
machine)
2
3.
3.1
3
2
[6]
3
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Punch
Die
Blank Holder
Workpiece
Cantilever transducer
Disk Friction force
Motor
Load
Ball
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0.12 1:3 1:1 3:1
ISO CUT 507 0.134
0.14
( 4 2)
ISO CUT 570
ISO CUT 507
(Mixed Film Lubricant)
(Boundary Lubricant)
4
2
Dry Condition ISO CUT 507 Scale
500 m
Coconut oil Palm oil Castor oil
Ratio of mixing of palm oil and coconut oil
1:3 1:1 3:1
3.2
5 2
1.68
1.83 ISO CUT 507
1.78
5
020406080
100120140160
1.60
1.65
1.70
1.75
1.80
1.85
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2
Lubricant Drawing Ratio;
= 1.44
Limiting Drawing
Ratio; max
Dry Condition
1.68
ISO CUT 507
1.83
Coconut oil
1.78
Palm oil
1.78
Castor oil
1.83
Ratio of
mixing of
palm oil & coconut oil
1:3
1.78
1:1
1.78
3:1
1.78
4.
- 0.12
ISO CUT 507 0.134
-
ISO CUT 570 -
-
-
1.83 ISO
CUT 507 -
ISO CUT 507
[1] ASTM G133-95, Standard Test Method for Linearly Reciprocating Ball-on-Flat Sliding Wear,
p. 523-536. [2] Schey, John A., 1984, Tribology in Metalworking,
The American Society for Metals, U.S.A., pp. 94-99, 524-530, 536-550.
[3] John A.W. and Rob S. Dwyer-Joyce, 1999,
�Contact between Solid Surfaces�, In Modern Tribology Handbook Volume One, New York,
McGraw-Hill, pp. 121-159. [4] Johnson, K.L., 1994, Contact mechanics,
Cambridge university press, United State of America, pp. 92-93.
[5] ,
, 2549, ,
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[6] , 2547, ,
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