effective presentations

Effective Presentations

Jan 13, 2012 Effective Presentations

Outline

• Introduction• Getting prepared• The Presentation Sequence• Technical Details– Big, Simple, Clear, Progressive, Consistent

• Summary


Definitions • Presentation• “Something set forth to an audience for the

attention of the mind “

• Effective• “…producing a desired result”

• Why Give A Presentation?• Inform Persuade Educate


Fear

• Shaky hands, blushing cheeks, memory loss, nausea, and knocking knees…

• NORMAL!• Causes of the Anxiety– Fear of the unknown OR loss of control– No backup plan– No enthusiasm for subject– Focus of attention


Effective Presentations

• Control anxiety – Don’t fight it• Audience centered• Accomplishes objective• Fun for audience• Fun for you• Conducted within time frame


Planning Your Presentation1. Determine purpose

– What do you want to accomplish?2. Know your audience !!!

– Success depends on your ability to reach your audience– Size– Demographics– Knowledge level– Motivation– Why are they attending?– What do THEY expect?


More Planning3. Plan Space

– Number of attendees and seats– Seating arrangement– Lighting, and lighting controls– Audio/Visual equipment– Distracters

• 4. Organization– Determine main points (1-5)– Evidence– Transitions– Prepare outline– Prepare a Storyboard


Still More Planning 5. Rehearse…Rehearse…Rehearse!!– In the actual room if possible– Work to a script and time your presentation– Practice Q & A– Check equipment – load your slides in advance– Make contingency plans


Don’t Forget

• The way you– Look– Talk

• is very important


Vocal Techniques• Loudness

– Will you be using a microphone?• Pitch

– Vary to make points• Rate

– Watch your audience• Pause for effect

– Allow time for message to “sink in”• Deviate from the norm for emphasis


Body Language

• Make eye contact,…but move focus around the audience• Use your hands,…but don’t go crazy• If possible move around,…but slowly!• Maintain good posture• Make sure everyone can see you• DON’T speak with your back to the audience

The Presentation Sequence


#1: Build Rapport

• … relation marked by harmony or affinity – Audience members need to trust you and feel that

you care about them• Start before you begin– Mingle; learn names– Opportunity to reinforce or correct audience

assessment– Good first impression

• People listen to people they like


#2: Opening Your Presentation • Introduce yourself– Why should they listen

• Get attention, build more rapport, introduce topic– Humor– Short story– Startling statistic– Make audience think– Invite participation

• Get audience response


#2…Completing the Opening

• Clearly defining topic• If informative…– Clear parameters for content within time

• If persuasive…– What’s the problem– Who cares– What’s the solution

• Overview


#3: Presenting Main Points

• Make point-transition,…make point-transition,…make point-transition, etc…

• Supporting evidence• Examples• Feedback & questions from audience• Attention to, and focus on, audience…

are they listening?


#4 Concluding Your Presentation

• Goal• Inform audience that you’re about to close• Summarize main points– “Tell ’em What You Told ‘em.”

• Something to remember, or call-to-action• Answer questions•

Make It Big


Make it Big (Text)• This is Arial 12

• This is Arial 18


• This is Arial 32• This is Arial 36



Make it Big (Text)• This is Arial 12



• This is Arial 32• This is Arial 36


Too Small


Make It Big (How to Estimate)

• Look at it from 2 m away2 m

Keep It Simple


Keep It Simple (Text)

• Too many colors• TooToo Many Fonts and Styles• The 6 x 7 rule– No more than 6 lines per slide– No more than 7 words per line



• Instructional Technology:A complex integrated process involving people, procedures, ideas, devices, and organization, for analyzing problems and devising, implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions to those problems in situations in which learning is purposive and controlled(HMRS 5th ed.)

Too detailed !



• A process• involving people, procedures & tools• for solutions• to problems in learning• (HMRS 5th ed.)

Instructional Technology:

Much Simpler


Falling Leaves ObservedChristchurch Dunedin Wellington

January 11,532,234 14,123,654 3,034,564February 1,078,456 12,345,567 16,128,234March 17,234,778 6,567,123 16,034,786April 16,098,897 10,870,954 7,940,096May 8,036,897 10,345,394 14,856,456June 16,184,345 678,095 4,123,656July 8,890,345 15,347,934 18,885,786August 8,674,234 18,107,110 17,230,095September 4,032,045 18,923,239 9,950,498October 2,608,096 9,945,890 5,596,096November 5,864,034 478,023 6,678,125December 12,234,123 9,532,111 3,045,654

Too detailed !


Falling Leaves in MillionsIn 106 Christchurch Dunedin WellingtonJanuary 11 14 3February 1 12 16March 17 6 16April 16 10 7May 8 10 14June 16 0 4July 8 15 18August 8 18 17September 4 18 9October 2 9 5November 5 0 6December 12 9 3

Much Simpler


Falling Leaves

Too detailed !


Falling Leaves

Much Simpler


Keep It Simple (Picture)

• Art work may distract your audience• Artistry does not substitute for content


Keep It Simple (Sound)

• Sound effects may distract too

• Use sound only when necessary


Keep It Simple (Transition)

• This transition is annoying, not enhancing

• "Appear" and "Disappear" are better


Keep It Simple (Animation)

2 m

Too distracting !


Keep It Simple (Animation)

7 ft

Simple & to the point

Make It Clear


Make It Clear (Capitalisation)

• ALL CAPITAL LETTERS ARE DIFFICULT TO READ• Upper and lower case letters are easier

Make It Clear (Fonts)

•Sanserif Z

Serif Zbusyclea

r


Make It Clear (Fonts)

• Serif fonts are difficult to read on screen

• Sanserif fonts are clearer• Italics are difficult to read on screen

• Normal or bold fonts are clearer• Underlines may signify hyperlinks• Instead, use colors to emphasise


Make It Clear (Numbers)

• Use numbers for lists with sequence• For example:

• How to put an elephant into a fridge?

• 1. Open the door of the fridge• 2. Put the elephant in• 3. Close the door


Make It Clear (Bullets)

• Use bullets to show a list without• Priority• Sequence• Hierarchy, …..


Make It Clear (Colors)

• Use contrasting colors • Light on dark vs dark on light• Use complementary colors


Make It Clear (Contrast)

• Use contrasting colors• Light on dark vs dark on light• Use complementary colors

low contrast

high contrast




This is light on dark




This is dark on light


Make It Clear (Complement)

• Use contrasting colors• Light on dark vs dark on light • Use complementary colors

These colours do not complement


Make It Clear (Complement)

• Use contrasting colors• Light on dark vs dark on light • Use complementary colors

These colours complement


Make It Clear (Size)

• Size implies importance


Make It Clear (Size)

•Size implies importance


Make It Clear (Focal Points)

• Focal points direct attention

Be Progressive

Complexity of Interactions

Mode of Instruction

Individual Pair Group

DirectInstruction

GuidedInquiry

DiscoveryLearning

IndividualInstructive

Tools

IndividualConstructive

Tools

SocialConstructive

Tools

SocialCommunicative

Tools

Informational Tools

Types of Instructional Tools

Too many in one go!

Complexity of Interactions

Mode of Instruction

Individual Pair Group

DirectInstruction

GuidedInquiry

DiscoveryLearning

IndividualInstructive

Tools

IndividualConstructive

Tools

SocialConstructive

Tools

SocialCommunicative

Tools

Informational Tools

Types of Instructional Tools

Progressive & thus focused

Be Consistent


Be Consistent

• Differences draw attention• Differences may imply importance• Use surprises to attract not distract


Be Consistent

Differences draw attention• Differences may imply importance• Use surprises to attract not distract

This tick draws attention


Be Consistent

Differences draw attentionDifferences may imply importanceo Use surprises to attract not distract

These differences distract!


Be Consistent

• Differences draw attention•Differences may imply importance• Use surprises to attract not distract

This implies importance


Be Consistent

• Differences draw attention•Differences may imply importance• Use surprises to attract not distract

Confusing differences!


Be Consistent


This surprise attracts


Be Consistent


These distract!


In Summary

• Big• Simple• Clear• Progressive• Consistent


Tips for Presenting

• Limit the number of slides– One slide per minute is the maximum *

• Practice moving between slides. • Be prepared for technical difficulties• Avoid the use of flashy transitions.

This is TOO flashy!


Some Final Words

• Communication is the key• Text to support the communication• Pictures to simplify complex concepts• Animations for complex relationships• Visuals to support, not to distract• Sounds only when absolutely necessary


•QUESTIONS?•THANK YOU

effective presentations

Documents

effective presentationsstill

effective presentationsjan

affinity audience members

time framejan

effectallow time

memory loss

rapport relation

listenget attention