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TRANSCRIPT
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is the second most important
bulb crop after onion belonging to family Alliaceae.
In India, garlic growing area is 166.2 thousand hectare
with a production of 831.10 thousand MT. In Gujarat, garlic is
grown on 30.19 thousand hectare area with production of
149.50 thousand MT (Anonymous, 2009). It is used practically
all over the world for flavouring and seasoning various
vegetables and meat dishes. It is rich in proteins, minerals like
phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and carbohydrates. It also
contains fat, vitamin C and sulphur. It is already being used in
several food preparations, notably in chutneys, pickles, curry
powders, curried vegetables, meat preparations, tomato
ketchup. The successful commercial cultivation of this crop
is depend on many factors such as climate, soil fertility,
irrigation, fertilizer, spacing and season of growing etc. Among
the different management practices like nutrient management
Members of the Research Forum
Associate Author :1Department of Horticulture, B.A.
College of Agriculture, Anand
Agricultural University, ANAND
(GUJARAT) INDIA
HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE
plays an important role for good growth, yield and quality.
Application of all needed nutrients through chemical fertilizers
are known to have deleterious effect on soil fertility leading to
unsustainable yields, while integration of chemical fertilizers
with organic manures and biofertilizers are able to maintain
the soil health, productivity and fertility (Jeyabal et al., 2000).
The role of farm yard manure in enhancing efficient use of
chemical fertilizers is well documented. Organically grown food
is expected to fetch higher price and this can offset any loss
due to lower yields. To use of biofertilizers to increase
agricultural productivity especially in vegetable crops.
Different strain of Azotobacter responded differently to garlic
growth and yield. The phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB)
acts as increasing the plant growth. The PSB release more P
from sparingly soluble phosphorus which effect on growth
and yield of garlic. The FYM, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield
and quality of garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. GUJARAT
GARLIC-3
S.A. BHANDARI1, K.S. PATEL1 AND D.S. NEHETE
THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE
Article history :
Received : 18.11.2011
Revised : 30.01.2012
Accepted : 17.03.2012
Research Paper
Author for correspondence :
D.S. NEHETE
Department of Horticulture, B.A.
College of Agriculture, Anand
Agricultural University, ANAND
(GUJARAT) INDIA
Email : [email protected]
Volume 7 | Issue 1 | June, 2012 | 48-51
Abstract : The present investigation was conducted at the Horticultural Research Farm, Department of
Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, during the Rabi season
2009-2010. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with twelve treatments and
replicated three times. The result indicated that the maximum plant height (59.67 cm), number of leaves
per plant (8.96 nos.) and diameter of stem (1.52 cm) was recorded with the application of 100-40-60
NPK kg/ha + 100 kg N/ha through C.C. + Azotobacter + PSB (T9). The maximum length of bulb (4.50
cm), diameter of bulb (5.34 cm), number of cloves per bulb (19.33), average weight of bulb (36.94 g),
yield of bulb (124.56 q/ha), moisture content of bulb (61.77 %), Total soluble solids (45.05 oBrix) and
sulphur content (0.94 %) was recorded with the treatment 100-40-60 NPK kg/ha + 100 kg N/ha through
C.C. + Azotobacter + PSB (T9). In the grade wise weight, the grade A was found significantly higher in
(T9) 100-40-60 NPK kg/ha + 100 kg N/ha through C.C. + Azotobacter + PSB, while in treatment 50-40-
60 NPK kg/ha + 50 kg N/ha through C.C. + Azotobacter+PSB (T7), recorded significantly higher in grade
B and grade C.
Key words : Castor cake, Biofertilizers, FYM, Growth, Yield, Quality, Garlic
How to cite this article : Bhandari, S.A., Patel, K.S. and Nehete, D.S. (2012). Effect of integrated nutrient
management on growth, yield and quality of garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. GUJARAT GARLIC-3, Asian J.
Hort., 7(1) : 48-51.
Hind Agricultural Research and Training InstituteAsian J. Hort., 7(1) June, 2012 : 49
and its usefulness combination and comparision with
biofertilizers increased yield. In view of this background, the
present investigation to find out suitable nutrient management
in garlic was undertaken.
RESEARCH METHODS
The present investigation was conducted at the
Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B.A.
College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand,
during the Rabi season 2009-2010. The cloves were separated
from the healthy bulbs and planted at a spacing of 20 x 15 cm
in an upright position on the 7th November, 2009. The
experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with
twelve treatments and replicated three times. Azotobacter and
PSB were applied 5 ml/kg seed. Treatments comprised of
combinations T1-100-80-60 NPK kg/ha (RDF), T
2-150-80-60
NPK kg/ha, T3-200-80-60 NPK kg/ha, T
4-50-80-60 NPK kg/ha +
50 kg N/ha through C.C., T5-75-80-60 NPK kg/ha + 75 kg N/ha
through C.C., T6-100-80-60 NPK kg/ha + 100 kg N/ha through
C.C., T7-50-40-60 NPK kg/ha + 50 kg N/ha through C.C. +
Azotobacter+PSB, T8-75-40-60 NPK kg/ha + 75 kg N/ha
through C.C. + Azotobacter+PSB, T9-100-40-60 NPK kg/ha +
100 kg N/ha through C.C. + Azotobacter+PSB, T10
-50 kg N/ha
through FYM + 50 kg N/ha through C.C. + Azotobacter +
PSB, T11
-75 kg N/ha through FYM + 75 kg N/ha through C.C.
+ Azotobacter +PSB and T12
-100 kg N/ha through FYM + 100
kg N/ha through C. C. + Azotobacter + PSB. The statistical
analysis was carried out as per the methods suggested by
Panse and Sukhatme (1967). The experimental plants were
managed with uniform cultural practices as per the standard
recommendations with respect to irrigation, plant protection
measures etc.
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
In Table 1 the highest of plant height (59.67 cm) at 75
DAP, number of leaves per plant (8.96) at 75 DAP, highest
diameter of stem 1.52 cm at 75 DAP, length of bulb 4.50 cm and
diameter of bulb 5.34 cm were observed in the treatment (T9)
100-40-60 NPK kg/ha + 100 kg N/ha through C.C. + Azotobacter
+ PSB than all other treatments. The increasing in plant height
may be due to enhanced availability of nutrients and
production of promoting substances that might have caused
cell elongation and multiplication. Number of leaves be
attributed to the solubilization effect of plant nutrients by
addition of farm yard manure on native and applied plant
nutrients as well as chelating effect on metal ions leading to
higher subsequent uptake of NPK by plant. The increase in
diameter of stem may be due to enhanced availability of
nutrients and production of promoting substances that might
have caused cell elongation and multiplication. Increased
vegetative growth, dry matter production and translocation
of photosynthates might have resulted in increased length of
S.A. BHANDARI, K.S. PATEL AND D.S. NEHETE
48-51
Hind Agricultural Research and Training InstituteAsian J. Hort., 7(1) June, 2012 : 50
bulbs. The size of bulb was directly influenced by the
enhanced vegetative growth on the plants and resulted in
increase in height, and number of green leaves. This might
have accumulated more carbohydrates, resulting in to
increased diameter of the bulb, which is the storage organ.
The results obtained in the present study are supported by
the findings Wange (1995) and Suresh (1997) in garlic
Waghachavare (2004) in onion.
Highest number of cloves per bulb (19.33), maximum
average weight of bulb (36.94 g), maximum yield (124.56 q/ha),
moisture content (61.77 %), T.S.S. (45.05 ºBrix) and sulphur
content (0.94 %) were found in treatment T9 (100-40-60 NPK
kg/ha + 100 kg N/ha through C.C. + Azotobacter + PSB) (Table
2). The results presented in respect of grade wise bulb weight,
treatment T9 100-40-60 NPK kg/ha + 100 kg N/ha through C.C.
+ Azotobacter + PSB, recorded significantly the higher grade
A weight 77.14 q/ha in grade yield. In grade B and grade C, the
treatment T7 50-40-60 NPK kg/ha + 50 kg N/ha through C.C. +
Azotobacter + PSB, recorded significantly the higher grade
wise weight (40.73 q/ha) and (24.80 q/ha), respectively.
The phosphorus with nitrogen enhanced root initiation
and its development that inmproves better utilization of
moisture and food material and translocation of these food
material during the bulbs formation and development resulted
as more cloves per bulb. Efficient translocation of
photosynthates to bulbs thereby increasing bulb size and
hence increase in dry matter accumulation of bulbs. The
increase in yield with application of integrated nutrient
approach might be attributed to increased growth of plants in
respect of height of plant and number of leaves. The healthy
top growth might be responsible for higher rate of
photosynthesis and accumulated carbohydrates which
resulted increased size of bulbs as indicated by diameter and
average bulb weight and ultimate resulted in higher yield.
Thus integrated effect of the nutrients as discussed under
growth parameters might have definitely been responsible for
increase in yield. The superiority of the dual application of
phosphorous and bacterial inoculation may be due to the
promoting effects of the microorganisms of the inoculants on
the native and applied nutrients. As well as may be due to the
important role of phosphorus for helping the development of
more extensive root system and thus enabling plants to extract
water and nutrients from deeper depth. This, in turn, could
enhance the plants to produce more assimilates which was
reflected in high moisture and its component. Organic manures
are capable of supplying adequate macro and micro plant
nutrients which play major role in quality improvement through
desirable enzymatic changes taking place during growth.
Response of farm yard manure in improving soil nutrition is
well established fact and combined use of inorganic fertilizer
with farm yard manure and further enhanced the effect on
quality and increase in the application of single super
phosphate and inoculation with phosphate solubilizing
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH, YIELD & QUALITY OF GARLIC
48-51
Hind Agricultural Research and Training InstituteAsian J. Hort., 7(1) June, 2012 : 51
bacteria, which has resulted in increased uptake of sulphur
and its accumulation in bulbs. Similar results were reported
by Hari Om et al. (1978), Nelson (1983) and Suresh (1997) in
garlic and Lal et al. (2002), Sharma et al. (2003) and
Waghachavare (2004) in onion.
REFERENCES
Anonymous (2009). Indian Horticulture Database.
Hari, Om, Srivastava, R.P. and Tewari, D.N. (1978). Effect of
nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium fertilization on growth and
yield of garlic. Indian J. Hort., 34 (4) : 564-565.
Jeyabal, A., Palaniappan, S. P and Chelliah, S.(2000).Effect of
integrated nutrient management techniques on yield attributes and
yield of sunflower(Helianthus annuus). Indian J. Agron., 45 (2) :
384-388.
Lal, S., Yadav, A.C., Mangal, J.L., Singh, A. and Batra, V. K. (2002).
Effect of FYM and irrigation levels on growth and yield of onion cv.
HISAR -2, Haryana J. Hort. Sci., 31 (3&4) : 256-258.
Nelson, M. (1983). Garlic fertilizer trial. Newzealand Commercial
Grower, 38 (2) : 28.
Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (1967). Statistical method for
agricultural workers. Pub. ICAR, New Delhi.
Sharma, R.P., Datt, N. and Sharma, P. (2003). Combined application
of nitrogen ,phosphorus and farm yard manure in onion (Alliuium
cepa L.) under high hills, dry temperat condition of North–Western
Himalyas. Indian J. agric. Sci.,73 (4):225-227.
Suresh, M.J. (1997). Growth, yield and quality of garlic (Alluium
sativum L) as influenced by spacing and manures. M.Sc. (Ag.)
Thesis,University of Agricultural Science, DHARWAD,
KARNATAKA (India).
Waghachavare, D. D. (2004). Effect of integrated nutrient
management on growth, yield and quality of onion cv. PHULE SUVARNA.
M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Marathwada Agricultural University,
PARBHANI, M.S. (India).
Wange, S.S. (1995). Response of garlic to combined application of
biofertilizers and fertilizers. J. Soil & Crops, 5 : 115-116
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