EDU 103

EDU 103

Fall 2009

December

EDU 103

Chapter # 8

Governance & Finance:

Regulating and Funding Schools

EDU 103

Chapter

Outline

EDU 103

• Governance: How are schools regulated and run?

• School Finance: How are schools funded?

• Emerging issues in school governance and finance.

EDU 103

• Read the summary of the chapter – Pages 271 & 272.

1. Describe the major educational governance structures at the state and local levels.

EDU 103

• 10th Amendment to the United States Constitution.

• Each state has a governor, a state legislature, & a state office of education.

• Local control via an elected board of education for most school districts..

EDU 103

2. Explain the different sources and targets of educational funding.

• Three sources- – 49% from state– 43% from local– 8 % from federal

EDU 103

• 61% Most educational expense is for instructional services – mostly teacher salaries

• 10% for instructional assistance• 10% to administration• 10% for buildings (physical plant)• 4% for bus transportation• 4% for cafeteria expenses

EDU 103

3. Describe the major current issues in school governance and finance.

• Funding inequities within states – Large number of court cases – Resulted in a larger percentage

of state funding and a smaller percentage of local funding .

EDU 103

• Site-based decision making – Parents & teachers have greater

input into curricular and instructional decisions.

– In KY there are site-based counsels that work with building principals to make many decisions

EDU 103

• Charter schools– Alternative schools that are publically funded, but are

independently operated– The plan or “charter” must be accepted by the local

board or state office of education• Vouchers

– A check or written document that parents can use to purchase educational services

• Privatization– Corporations such as Edison Schools, Sylvan, and

others – Take over selected schools and “run” the school to

make a profit

EDU 103

Learning

Objectives

EDU 103

• Describe the major educational governance structures at the state and local levels.

• Explain the different sources and targets of educational funding.

• Describe the major current issues in school governance and finance.

EDU 103

• Block Grants – Page 256

• Categorical grants – Page 256

• Charter schools – Page 264

• Homeschooling – Page 268

• Local school board – Page 248

EDU 103

• Property taxes – Page 255• School district – Page 247• School principal – Page 251• Site-based decision making – Page

262• State office of education – Page

245

EDU 103

• State tuition tax-credit plans – Page 267

• Superintendent – Page 250

• Voucher – Page 266

• Weighted student formula – Page 261

EDU 103

• State tuition tax-credit – Page 302

• Superintendent - page 280

• Voucher – Page 296

EDU 103

• A Legal Overview• In the United States

• 10th Amendment

EDU 103

• State Board of Education

• State Constitution

• Governors & State Legislatures

EDU 103

State Board of Education – What do they do?

• Issue and revoke teaching licenses

• Establish the length of the school year

• Publish standards for approving and accrediting schools

• Develop and implement uniform systems to collect data, such as standardized achievement test scores, enrollment trends and demographics

EDU 103

State Board of Education – Who are they?– People outside professional education– In most states these people are appointed by

the governor– In some states they are elected by the voters

(25%)– Most serve without pay

EDU 103

• State Office of Education – Responsible for

what?– Implement policy on a

day-by-day basis– Staffed by full-time

educational professionals• All most all have been

teachers and advanced degrees in education

EDU 103

• Chief State School Superintendent – Responsible

for what?– Top

administrator

• School Districts• What is a school

district?

EDU 103

• Local School Board

• What is a school board and what do school boards do?

EDU 103

– Superintendent • What is a school superintendent

and what does he/she do?

EDU 103

The District Office Staff– Who is the district office staff?– What do they do?

EDU 103

• School Principal• Who is the school

principal and what does he/she do?

EDU 103

Principals are crucial in creating well-run learning-oriented schools

– What do effective principals do?

EDU 103

How are schools funded?

–Local, state, and federal sources

EDU 103

• Local Funding

– Major source of monies?

– Other sources?

EDU 103

• Local percentage of money

EDU 103

• State Sources of money

EDU 103

• State percentage of money

EDU 103

Federal Sources

– Categorical grants

– Block grants

EDU 103

Educational expenses

– Per pupil cost varies

EDU 103

Educational expenses at the district level

EDU 103

• Typical Year – 450,000 school buses

travel 4 billion miles, provide 10 billion separate rides to nearly 24 million K-12 students

– In 1998 – 54% of the students were transported a cost of $493 per student

EDU 103

Funding inequities

– Serrano v. Priest California case

– 1971 Case

EDU 103

• Rodriguez case in Texas– 1973 Supreme Court Case

EDU 103

• Site-based decision making

EDU 103

• School choice

• Charter Schools

• Vouchers

EDU 103

• State tuition tax-credit plans

• Homeschooling

EDU 103

• REVIEW

• Education is the responsibility of each state – Why?

• State Board of Education • State Office of Education • Chief state school officer• School Districts

EDU 103

• REVIEW

• Local School Board

• Superintendent

• District Office

• Principal

EDU 103

• REVIEW

• Funding of schools– Three sources – Where does the revenue come from?

• How is the money spent?

EDU 103

• REVIEW

• Funding inequities

• Site-based decision making

• School choice

EDU 103

• REVIEW

• Charter schools

• Vouchers

• State tuition tax-credit plans

EDU 103

• REVIEW

• Homeschooling