editor: peter higgs volume 14 number 11 13th april 2011 2011... · counting the terra linna) ......
TRANSCRIPT
Presidents April
Report 2011
A couple of weeks ago I had the privilege of being part of the unveiling of a new display at the Spring Bay Mari-time and Discovery Centre. This progressive East Coast not-for-profit organization has managed to secure some historic artifacts on permanent loan from the Parks and Wildlife Service and has built an impressive permanent display at its location at Triabunna.
The artifacts are several pieces of a convict-era wooden boat – probably a barge. They are dis-played on a purpose-built exhibit com-plete with ripple lighting and a video. The planks and other pieces are being conserved and feature trunnels (tree nails of wood), some of which are still in place.
WBGT member David Gatenby has a steadily growing display of dinghies in the Restoration and Recovery Centre and there were plenty of other interesting dis-plays and activities at the quarterly Open Day. Con-
gratulations to Noel Burnell, Sue Evans, Jim Playstead and the others in-volved in this enterprise. It deserves our support.
Whilst at the Open Day I was alerted to a couple of
Fazackerly dinghies used as an attractor at a local fish and chip shop. Sure enough they seem to be Fazacker-lys and one could be restored.
Our April Rowing Day was an adventure for those who made the effort on a less than perfect day. The Derwent Valley Autumn Festival was well supported by locals
Editor: Peter Higgs Volume 14 Number 11 13th April 2011
Graeme Hunt addressing the Spring Bay Maritime
& Discovery Centre gathering
Ph
oto
pro
vid
ed
by G
rae
me
and visitors alike although it may have been a couple of weeks early for the usual magnificent display of autumn colours. Read all about it in the Trip leader‟s report.
Graeme Hunt
President
Secretary’s April Report 2011
Not a lot to report this month, the days are getting shorter
and the nights are getting longer.....but more impor-
tantly....last month‟s Secretaries trivia question was cor-
rectly answered by....Mark Hosking from the Maritime Mu-
seum of Tasmania. Well done Mark, you go to the top of
the class!
The Guild is still looking for premises (other than the Cot-
tage) to store their gear, their boats (all four of them, not
counting the Terra Linna) and also for an alternate venue
for their meetings. If anyone out there has any ideas, just
let one of the committee members know and we will follow
it up.
After all the painting I have done on Maori Lass over the
last twelve months, and I must say she is looking pretty
good, I have just had another call from the bloody Cormo-
rants....I‟ve got old CD‟s hanging all over her and so far
they have been very effective as a bird scare, but I had
my back turned for a moment or so, and they have now
managed to foul the cockpit. Bugger!
Has anybody out there got a solution to prevent the
bloody things from making such a mess and ruining the
paintwork?
The 2010 Kettering Wooden Boat Rally committee have
just recently had a meeting and it was unanimously de-
cided that the previous Rally was so successful and that
there had been numerous enquiries to date, that a 2012
Rally is to be organised. This will again be hosted by both
the Wooden Boat Guild of Tasmania and the Kettering
Yacht Club over the long week-end in February 2012. In-
formation for KWBR2 will be available on the WBGT and
KYC websites soon.
Don‟t forget, our next general meeting will be on Monday
April 18th
starting at 7:30 pm at the Mariners Cottage.
One of the Fazackerly‟s
Photo
Gra
em
e H
unt
2
next one to be held on Sunday 8th May.
Peter Higgs
From the Editors Desk
The continuing Piner’s Punt Story!
What are the origins of the Tasmanian Piner‟s Punt? For some time there have been opinions that it was used in the Huon whilst others claim it was designed and built by Doherty and his sons in Port Davey, Strahan, and subse-quently became the Piner‟s Punt of the West Coast Pin-ers.
Recently, Brian Marriott circulated the following article which he came across from research Eva was undertak-ing. It was in an old souvenir paper published in 1936 (cover below). In Brian‟s words, “The description of the boats used in the 1840's-1860's and their mode of use provides an interesting historical reference and back-ground for what we know about more recent use of punts on the west coast.”
The article follows;
Which originated in:
The next rowing day will be on Sunday May 22nd
at Tin-
derbox Beach; this will be a BIG and Small boat day.
The Trip Leaders for this rowing day will be Roscoe and
Cheryl, BYOG&F. There will be further information on
this and other events on the Calendar page of this issue
of the Skeg.
Last month’s question was: A „sheepshank‟ is a knot used to 1) shorten a rope temporarily 2) secure a rope to the ring of an anchor 3) encircle and haul a load with-out tightening around the object.
This question courtesy Jim Broadside from AFLOAT
And the correct answer is: 1) to shorten a rope tempo-
rarily
This month’s question: Inland seas have, 1) stronger than usual tides 2) virtually no tides 3) moderate tides
No, no, no Cheryl....you don‟t „cook‟ a sheepshank.... you „tie‟ it....
Roscoe
Roscoe, have you
tried a snake! I use a rubber snake on the cabin top and
it seams to do the trick! It‟s eyes peer up at the cormo-
rants and other birds and they do not nest or crap too
long! Signed the Editor.
Terra Linna Report
The Terra Linna working bee was held on Sunday the 10th of April, not the 13th as in the last Skeg! Apologies. The following is a summary of what was completed on Sunday.
Work is still progressing with deck hardware, including the rowlocks, still being fitted. The rudder has been lofted and the timber is being prepared for its making.
Suitable timber has been removed from the Nyrstar stack for the centre board. This has to be cut and machined and then assembled with a lead ballast plug in the base.
The crew also sorted amongst the spars to find one suit-able for the bow sprit and then commenced the process of preparing the same.
Finally, the Nyrstar stack of timber was sorted and placed back in its temporary shelter with Graeme Hunt getting a new Tarpaulin for the same.
Mid tasks there was much discussion around Noel and Noelene‟s computer and all of the Terra Linna photos blown up to the max, again about rigging, spar fittings etc. This has developed into a really competitive sparring match, pun intended.
Many thanks to Noel, Noelene, Tony, Graeme and David.
So all in all it was a very productive working bee. The
3
This stirred up some older research I had been delving into regarding the Piner‟s Punt in Tasmania. It has al-ways struck me that although the Piners Punt is known to be indigenous to Tasmania it still remains that it was designed and built by either a convict or free settler who had an insight to its design from their home of ori-gin.
Either would have been pre informed by boat building or sea faring experiences from their homeland. This has always been one of my theories and with my inter-est being reignited I started again researching the fol-lowing books;
“The Huon Pine Story” by Garry Kerr and Harry McDermott, ISBN 0-95779170-4
“The Huon Piners” by David Hopkins and Gordon Abel, ISBN 0-9587092-5-4
From page 19 “The Huon Piners” by David Hopkins
and Gordon Abel there is mention made of, “The Do-
herty sons of John Patrick from Port Davey, the Grin-
ing, the Finn, Morrison and Abel families were promi-
nent family clans of brothers and sons all working the
Macquarie Harbour pine for almost 80 years”. It went
on to state, “Legend has it, that the five sons of Patrick
Doherty rowed an open whale boat from Port Davey
along the treacherous Western coast line of the open
seas to Macquarie Harbour, to recommence pine op-
erations in the Gordon River.
The “The Huon Piners” also states that “the piners
started venturing further and further upstream in the
rivers that emptied into the Macquarie Harbour.”
To achieve this it mentions “The special 18 foot piners
punt was originally designed by Tom Doherty [this is a
lot later than the report above from the Huon Valley],
with its blunt bow, built of either Huon or King Billy
Pine. The construction out of half inch planks, seven to
a side from the keel was extremely durable and sea
worthy. Very stable in the water, so much so that a
person can stand up and comfortably manoeuvre logs
with out fear of capsizing.”
From page 245 “ The Huon Pine Story” it is confirmed
that Thomas O‟Dougherty, a convict who used several
differing ways of spelling his surname was born in
County Tyrone Ireland in 1826. Thomas did not take
kindly to being sentenced to transportation for seven
years. He was transported to Tasmania on the ship
North Briton arriving in April 1843 as a convict. Due to
several other escapades Thomas did not gain his free-
dom, unlike other convicts, until 1849. Soon after this
Thomas O‟Dougherty disappeared for several years
until he went to Port Davey to commence logging
Huon Pine.
“The Huon Pine Story” confirms that the Thomas Do-
herty (note the different way of spelling the surname)
family continued making the piners punt, in Strahan,
that served them so well in Port Davey. Page 139 of “The
Huon Pine Story” states “Mrs McCallum, a sometime resi-
dent of the southern district, and a
recorder of history in the area, is
quoted as having said, The piners
built their own boats, they built
them short without a keel so that
they turned easily. They were very
manoeuverable.”
What is starting to emerge is that
the Piners Punt was designed spe-
cifically to work in fast flowing riv-
ers, including the Huon, Port
Davey and Strahan, that were sub-
ject to shoals and rapids requiring
manoeuverability and stability, to
negotiate the same.
Given that Thomas O‟Dougherty
came from County Tyrone, Ireland
I decided I should re-
search Irish boats. To
do so I opened my
book “ Traditional
Boats of Ireland” Ed-
ited by Criostoir Mac-
Cathaigh, from the
Traditional Boats of
Ireland Project, ISBN
13 : 9781905172399,
and gifted to me by
Hal Sisk. In “ Tradi-
tional Boats of Ire-
land” I discovered the
Waterford Prong and
the salmon and mus-
sel boats of Morning-
ton, in the Boyne Es-
tuary, both on the Irish
South East coast. Nei-
ther are
closely
associated
with
County
Tyrone,
Northern
Ireland,
other than
the rivers
and lakes
of County
Tyrone
were fished for Salmon and at the estuaries for mussels
and the rivers in County Tyrone also have shoals and rap-
ids to encounter. Refer to the photos and line drawings for
An Irish Waterford Prong (lwr)
“ Tra
ditio
nal B
oats
of Ire
land” IS
BN
13 : 9
781905172399
Salmon (L) and Mussel boats (R) of
Mornington
Tasmanian Piners Punts at Strahan Piners Festival
Photo
Dalla
s M
annin
g
4
similarities to meet their environment.
The resemblance of the Piner Punts in these Irish
boats is incredible to almost surreal. The salmon boat
has 7 planks per side. The Waterford Prong, Salmon
and Mussel boats of Mornington were built for stability
and manoeuverability. All 3 are keel-less and capable
of being manoeuvered over shoals and rapids whilst
fishing for salmon or mussels.
It is interesting to note the building of the Irish Prong
and the Tasmanian Piner‟s Punt is very similar. Nei-
ther, have a keel and both are built in a way to enable
ease of build while maintaining manouverability and
stability in the craft. The comparative photos and line
drawings demonstrate similarities.
I am not claiming this as conclusive evidence that the
Piner‟s Punt was derived from the Irish Waterford
Prong or the salmon and mussel boats of Mornington,
in the Boyne Estuary, but there are similarities that
can‟t be denied. The most obvious difference is the
forward high rise in the keel, from station 3, in the Irish
boats compared to the Piners Punt.
So what are the origins of the Piners Punt? Were they
first built and used in the Huon and Picton Rivers?
The extracts from the souvenir paper published in
1936 above do confirm this. It and other references
confirms that there are similarities between the Irish Water-
ford Prong, Salmon and Mussel boats of Mornington when
compared to the Tasmanian Piners Punt! Particularly given
the high Irish convict influence in many Tasmanian heritage
examples. The Tasmanian references could also infer that
the Piner‟s Punt design from the Huon District was trans-
ferred firstly to Port Davey and then subsequently, Strahan
given that it was the Doherty‟s who introduced it to Strahan.
This does not take away from the Tasmanian Piner‟s Punt
individuality and origins but may confirm that the design
and building of boats is an evolution. The Irish and Scot
boats evolved from the Norse boats proving the evolution
is not only time based but also due to knowledge transfer
from one country to another through the mobility of fisher-
men and seafarers and their boats.
REFERENCES
1936 Souvenir paper Centenary of the Settlement of the
Huon,, published in 1936
The Huon Pine Story, Garry Kerr & Harry Mc Dermott ISBN
o-95779170-4
The Huon Piners, David Hopkins and Gordon Abel ISBN 0-
9587092-5-4
Traditional Boats of Ireland, edited Criostoir MacCarthaigh
ISBN978-1-905172-39-9
Roving Event Report– Sunday 3rd + 4th April
2011 for some!
New Norfolk Autumn Fest 2011 – Approximately
40 nautical miles at 3.75 hours each way.
We, Seaspray and Farewell, were due to depart MYCT at
0715 hours but due to some miscalculations did not get
away until 0745 hours. Noel and Noelene had spent the
night on mooring D099 in Lindisfarne Bay. On departure
Graeme Hunt, David and Sally Long and Charles rowed
Seaspray Too (AKA Pearl) out to Farewell and then when
Seaspray was under way they rendezvoused with Farewell
to allow Seaspray to collect the tender Seaspray Too. From
here both boats motored on to Austins Ferry to collect Dal-
las‟s nephew Geoffrey, his two sons, Jordan and Nathan,
together with Maree and Henry.
“ Tra
ditio
nal B
oa
ts o
f Irela
nd
” ISB
N 1
3 : 9
78
19
05
17
239
9
Plans for an Irish Prong
Plans of a Harry Grinning Piners Punt built in 1935, The
Huon Pine Story, Gary Kerr and Harry McDermott
The Huon Pine Story, Garry Kerr & Harry
Mc Dermott
5
By the time we arrived at Austins Ferry, 0900 hours, the
wind had picked up to about 5 knots.
We had booked the
Bridgewater Bridge
to open for us at
0945 hours. We
confirmed our arrival
as being slightly late
to be told the wind
was blowing very
strongly, we passed
though the bridge at
0950 hours and I
would estimate
the wind to be at
25 – 30 knots.
What became
apparent soon
after was that
this was the last
time the bridge
opened that
week end!
Due to the wind
gusts Farewell
made better
way with Sea-
spray bringing
up the rear. Ap-
proaching the
Port Marker 21
it became ap-
parent that
Farewell had become grounded! She was listing to port
and was stirring up mud as she attempted to reverse off.
So not only do we have “Ainesley‟s Spit” in the Duck-
pond but we now have “Noel‟s Grounding” in the Der-
went!
On approaching it became evident that yes, Farewell was
certainly grounded and after 2 attempts a line was at-
tached to Seaspray‟s stern tree cleat and as this was a
last minute achievement the tension on the line was sud-
den and in no
time Farewell
was lurched
off, free again!
From here we
motored on
and rendez-
voused with
the steam
launches at
approximately
1150 hours
adjacent to Milbrook Rise. It added a certain ambiance to
proceed on to New Norfolk in the company of the steam
boats. We arrived at New Norfolk at 1230 hours and tied
up to the
landing just
south of the
New Norfolk
Caravan
Park.
Jordan and
Nathan were
eagerly wel-
comed by
their mother
and grand
parent‟s and
they talked for
some time
about their voy-
age on the Sea-
spray. Geoffrey
was also in awe
about the ex-
perience of visit-
ing old ground
but this time
from the water.
He often talked to his sons about the land marks along the
way. These included the jetty at Brighton where Nathan
caught his first fish, the old lime kilns prior to Boyer, the
cliffs of Millbrook Rise and the final entrance into New
Norfolk with the colours struggling out despite the over-
cast day.
Mean time Noel had made Farewell fast to the New Nor-
folk jetty and Graeme assisted me to make Seaspray fast
to her berth.
Soon after berthing we were informed by WBGT member
Lew Garnham that the Bridgewater Bridge had not been
able to open for the next Flotilla of boats including the
Austins Ferry way point
Photo
Mare
e M
annin
g
Seaspray (above) approaches the bridge and
Farewell (below passes under the Bridge.
Photo
s D
alla
s H
iggs
Farewell grounded near Port Marker 21 in the Derwent at Granton.
Now known as “Noels Grounding”. Photo Dallas Higgs
Farewell free again!
Ph
oto
Dallas H
iggs
Steam Boat rendezvous near Milbrook Rise.
Photo
Gra
em
e H
unt
Peter at the helm of Seaspray
Photo
Gra
em
e H
unt
6
Cartela, due to
high winds. He
added that we
would probably
have to spend
an extra night
in New Norfolk.
This was later
confirmed on
ringing the
bridge opera-
tor.
So both boats crews and passengers went off to the New
Norfolk Autumn Fest to enjoy the entertainment, stalls,
food and drinks. It was also obvious that there was a re-
cord crowd at the Autumn Fest. Soon after arrival we
discovered that Roscoe and Cheryl were there so we all
gathered around
one table to
enjoy the ambi-
ence of the
Fest!
Soon, thanks to
the ingenuity of
Charles, David
and Sally Long
together with
Charles would
be picked up by
Charles wife to
return to Hobart. Roscoe had offered a return trip to
Graeme and Noel, Noelene and Peter and Dallas had
resolved they would spend the night aboard their boats
in New Norfolk together with Lew and Liz Garnham their
son and friends who now own Latura. Even though we
could lower Seasprays mast getting under the bridge
would be difficult given the high tide on the 3rd
.
All boats were kitted out for an overnight stay except for
Seaspray. We had enough food but had to borrow bed-
ding from Noel and Noelene. We all settled in for a cosy
night with plenty of food, cards and metho heating work-
ing a charm despite the bridge incident. Needless to say,
I lost every game of crib to Dallas!
Several calls to the bridge revealed that repairs could not
be completed until Monday but they were hoping it could
be completed by late morning.
There was some angst amongst boaters about the bridge
breakdown. However, we need to keep in context that it is
available for recreational use and as such we can not
expect it to be open at our beckon call!
Monday dawned a beautiful day with sunshine and plenty
of early morning colours and reflections on the river. The
very reason we made the voyage.
At approximately 0920 hours we had Seaspray‟s mast
laid down ready to navigate under the bridge without it
lifting. Another call to the bridge revealed that it would
not be opening until approximately 1400 hours.
We motored up to Noel and Noelene and bid them Fare-
well and set off
down river. The
voyage down-
stream was ab-
solutely beautiful
with the sun out,
bringing with it
the beautiful Au-
tumn colours
whilst the water
was just like
glass.
We made it to the bridge at 1100 hours and could see
the repair gang still busily working. As we motored
closer we debated wether we would get under or not.
With confi-
dence I pro-
ceeded and
passed un-
der the
bridge with
a clearance
of approxi-
mately
450mm.
We contin-
ued down-
stream and
as we approached the Cadbury bend at Windermere
with Dallas at the helm she was concerned about the
approaching yacht. We kept clear of the no. 2 starboard
marker and headed for Windermere Bay and then
turned inside the no. 1 port marker leaving plenty of
Continued on page 8.
Seaspray berthed adjacent to the boat ramp
Photo
Dalla
s H
iggs
Farewell, Minerva and Latura on the New Norfolk
jetty where the Cartela was to berth
Photo
Dalla
s H
iggs
A new day dawns at New Norfolk, photo Dallas Higgs
Photo
Dalla
s H
iggs
Farewell Noel and Noelene
Morning colours worth the trip for
Photo
Dalla
s H
iggs
7
General Meetings are on the
3rd
Monday of each month, inc. public holidays ex-cept in the month of December.
The next general meeting of the
Wooden Boat Guild of Tasmania Inc. will be held at the Mariners’ Cottage,
Napoleon Street, Battery Point commencing
at 7.30 pm Monday 18 th April 2011
There will be a committee meeting held
prior to the General Meeting at 6.00pm, at which members are welcome
http://www.woodenboatguildtas.org.au/
Guest Speaker, 18th April, 2011
April Guest speaker will be Roscoe talking about a 30
minute National Parks DVD about Port Davey/Bathurst
Harbour plus some of my photos plus the Emeritus II blog
re Van Diemans Land Circumnavigation.
Jim Tayton offered to continue his ―Couta Crossing‖ video ( we do
need a tape video player for this) and Peter Higgs has some re-
serve items if needed
Presenter/s or practical demonstration required for future meet-
ings.
Skeg articles by the 1st Monday of each month please . If the dead-
lines can’t be kept the SKEG will be published without late submis-
sions!
1. Skeg photographs by the 1st Monday of each month.
2. Speaker/demonstration ( it can be a demonstration of a
wooden boat building activity or problem solving activity)
for next month are always needed so get your name and
topic in to the Editor.
Officers of the Guild contact list
President Graeme Hunt 0408146752
Sen.Vice President Brian Marriott 0419877684
Vice President Jim Tayton 03 62674051
Secretary Ross Barnett Home 6227 1720 or
mobile 0438 300 229
Treasurer David Barnes 03 62441302
Flag Officers Peter Higgs 62491695 0419803317
& Brian Marriott
Mess Officers Vacant
Committee David Gatonby 0428391432
Noel Hall 03 62445583
Peter Higgs 0419803317
David Morton 0400560330
Calendar 2011
Friday, April 15th Peter Higgs reporting on the
Terra Linna restoration to TMAG
Monday April 18th WBGT Committee and General
meetings
May 7th Kettering Yacht Club Maritime Market
9.00am—4.00pm
May 8th Terra Linna working bee
Monday May 16th WBGT Committee and General
meetings
Sunday May 22nd Tinderbox big and small boat
day Roscoe trip leader BYOG&F
June 11, 12 & 13th Port Sorrell wooden boat event. Trip Leader Graeme Hunt possibly Education Camp or Shearwater Country Club. Possible Julie
Burgess visit.
Monday June 20th WBGT Committee and General
meetings
Sunday June 26th Terra Linna working bee
Sunday July 10th Terra Linna working bee
July 24th, Morton’s Home, Geeveston, Model Boat
event BYO model boats and food + grog. David
Morton Trip Leader.
August 21st Cygnet Yacht Club Big and small
boats BYOF. Trip Leaders Robin and Cherelle.
September 25th, Jordon River Rowing Day
BYOG&F. Trip Leader Peter and Dallas Higgs.
October MYCT Expo, Bellerive Seafarers Festival—
Terra Linna to be sailed to venues
Huon Show November
Christmas in the park December
Cockle Creek Feb 2012 Trip Leader David Morton
Maritime and Maritime Heritage lunch box talks 12 noon till 1.00pm — 1st Tuesday of each month at TMAG Royal Society Room organised by the Mari-
time Museum.
Trip Leaders responsibilities; the Trip Leader is to confirm meeting paces and
times (including maps) for the Skeg edition prior to the event. Skeg closing time
is 1st Monday for text and 1st Monday for photos every month. Following the
event the Trip Leader is to provide a short story and up to 5 of their own photos,
sized and titled (as file name) appropriately, of the event for inclusion in the
following Skeg. Members wishing to submit photos from the rowing days are
required to provide a maximum of five to the Trip Leader so that we do not get
same/similar contributions. All must be sized as below with a title as the file
name.
Members wishing to submit articles & photos: All members articles and
photos are most welcome as contributions for the Skeg or other publications.
For the Skeg, articles are preferred to be in MS Word with no formatting. Mem-
bers are asked to restrict their photographic submissions to 5 In total per month
and to have resized the photos to the following specs. No PDF‟s please!
400 Pixels wide X 300 Pixels high, or
5.7 cm wide X 4.2 cm high, with a resolution of
180 pixels per inch
If you can not size a photo submit it with a title as a file name and the editor will
size It for you.
All SKEG articles must be with the editor in a digital form by the 1st Mon-
day of the month.
8
room and a wave to the other crafts crew. Not until after
our return did we find out we were waving to Des Hut-
chins and his son.
Continuing on we reached the MYCT at 1300 hours to be
greeted by Graeme Hunt who helped us moor Seaspray
Too (AKA Pearl) at the MYCT boat ramp and then
tossed the lines to tie up Seaspray in her pen and finally
stand up her mast again.
What a great trip despite the bridge, it is a worthwhile trip
and I encourage other WBGT members to consider it
when it is on the Calendar again.
Without boring members too much I can show a short
video of the voyage if members are interested.
Report by Peter and Dallas
Next Roving and Rowing Day,
May 22nd Tinderbox big and small Boat day. Trip Leader Roscoe BYOG&F. Unless otherwise advised meet at the
Tinderbox boat ramp 1000.
Trip Leader Roscoe
Last meetings presentation precis
Rob Nolan spoke about Jo and his ventures North to
sail the Whitsundays, Northern NSW and the
Hawkesbury in their NIS Boat. A mix of both camping
and boating in extraordinary waters.
For Sale:
Eltin Ronan - I offer Eltin Ronan for sale. She‟s been
a big/little restoration job for a boat with a lot of history.
Looking for a mad keen wooden boater to take her on
and maintain her as part of Tasmania‟s Maritime history.
Great rowing boat and prepared to negotiate the price.
Contact Peter on 0419803317
FOR SALE....12ft King Billy clinker rowing boat, sound
and well built but needs refurbishing. Plenty of time to
get it ready for the 2013 Wooden Boat Festival. Ring
Roscoe on 0438 300 229
Eltin Ronan beached at Spectacle Is-
land, Dodges Ferry
Early morning New Norfolk with Seaspray Too (AKA Pearl) in the for-
ground. Photo Dallas Higgs.