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World Resources Institute

Ecosystem Services for Agriculture

An Initial DialogueDecember, 2010


http://www.wri.org/project/ecosystem-services-review


Agenda

1:30 Welcome and introductions

1:45 Ecosystem services – the big picture

1:55 Ecosystem services & agriculture

2:00 Gap analysis

2:30 Candidate activities

3:00 Next steps


Biodiversity & ecosystem services (BES)

Biodiversity

Erosion control Water purification Maintenance of soil qualityPest mitigation PollinationNatural hazard mitigationEtc.

Cultural/Ethical


RegulatingBenefits obtained from

control of natural processes by ecosystems

CulturalNonmaterial benefits

obtained from ecosystems

ProvisioningGoods or products

obtained from ecosystems

Ecosystem services


Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Findings Degraded Mixed Enhanced

Provisioning • Capture fisheries• Wild foods• Biomass fuel• Freshwater• Genetic resources• Biochemicals, natural medicines,

and pharmaceuticals

Timber and other wood fiberOther fibers (e.g., cotton, hemp, silk)

CropsLivestockAquaculture

Regulating • Air quality (e.g., chemicals) • Local climate (e.g.,

temperature)• Erosion control• Water purification and waste

treatment• Pest regulation• Pollination• Natural hazard

Water timing and flows Soil quality Disease

Global climate (GHG sequestration)

Cultural • Ethical values (spiritual, religious)• Aesthetic values• Education

Recreation and ecotourism

Source: Adapted from the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. Washington, DC: Island Press.


Long term utility of ecosystem services

Adaptationto climate change

Natural hazard risk

Payments, markets & incentives

Regulations • Air• Land • Water

ES metrics & science

• Ecosystem functions• Dependence • Flows to people • Tradeoffs• Multiple scales

Landscape restoration

Landscape management


Ecosystem services and agriculture

• Erosion control • Water purification • Soil quality• Pest mitigation • Pollination• Flood control• Etc.

• Water quantity • Water quality• GHG seq. • Pollination• Flood control• Etc.

MANAGEMENT GOALS• NRCS/cost share (CEAP)• Markets (e.g., nutrient, carbon)• Supply chain development • Grower outreach (Gates)


Ecosystem services FtM TSCGHG Sequestration Yes Yes

Water quantity Yes Yes

Water quality Yes Yes

Water timing & flows

Water purification (stormwater)

Erosion control Yes

Soil Quality

Pest regulation

Pollination

Natural hazards (e.g., flood)

Local climate (temperature)

Air quality

Cultural/ethical values ? ?

Dependence on ES

Gap analysis


Landscape planning


Site level analysis


Water stress index & dependence


Freshwater in LCA

Source: Ridoutt, B. et al. “Water footprinting at the production brand level: case study and future challenges.” Journal of Cleaner Production 17 (2009) 1228-1235.


Water markets currently in operation

KeyStates with high-activity trading markets

States with low-activity trading markets (due to lack of driver)

States with low-activity trading markets (due to recent development)

Grassland Area Farmers Tradable Loads Program

Long Island Sound

Middle Snake River

Minnesota River Basin

Rahr Malting

Southern Minnesota Beet Sugar Cooperative

Bear Creek

Chatfield Reservoir

Cherry Creek BasinLake Dillon

Lower Boise*

Neuse River

Tar-Pamlico

Red Cedar River

* Note: The Lower Boise Program is low-activity due to lack of driver.

Great MiamiSugar Creek

Tualatin River

Pennsylvania Program

Virginia Program

Source: Water Quality Trading: An Overview of Current Programs, World Resources Institute (forthcoming).


Portland Tradable Stormwater Program

Source: Water Quality Trading: An Overview of Current Programs, World Resources Institute (forthcoming).

San Francisco Bay

Lower Colorado River

Florida Ranchlands Environmental Services Project

Lake Allatoona

Charles River

Maryland Program

Vermillion River

Cape Fear

Passaic RiverLake Tahoe

Shepherd CreekUpper Little Miami

Willamette Partnership

West Virginia Upper Potomac

Water markets in development


Ecosystem services for LCAs

• Input-output/economic model

• Ecosystem Services Damage Potential

• Satellite analysis

• Landscape and site metrics


Candidate activities

1. Explore • Dialogues, discussions, write issue briefs

2. Develop impact categories, metrics, methods • Integrate TSC, FtM, others

3. Road test

4. Advance market/payments/incentives • “Satellite” engagement (along chain)• Develop schemes


For more information: www.wri.org/ecosystems

John Finisdore+1 202 729-7897

[email protected]


Mixed Forest

Evergreen Needleleaf Forest

Evegreen Broadleaf Forest

Deciduous Needleleaf Forest

Deciduous Broadleaf Forest

Savanna

Shrubland/Grassland

Shrubland

Grassland

Cropland/Woodland

Cropland/Grassland

Irrigated Cropland

Dry Cropland & Pasture

Target States: Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu

Step 1. Scope: Southern India


Microsoft Office xcel 97-2003 Workshe


Expected change in number of rainy days (IPCC A2) Expected change in rainy intensity (mm/day) (IPCC A2)

Step 3. Trends analysis – Freshwater


Average daily flow storage capacity by basin

Source: Briscoe, John 2006. “Water: Bracing for a Turbulent Future,” World Bank, October, 2005, Washington, DC

Step 3. Trends analysis – Water regulation


Case Example: Akzo Nobel

0.2

1.0

1.80.21.01.8

Costs/Price (normalized)

Env

iron

men

tal F

ootp

rint

(nor

mal

ized

)

high eco-efficiency

low eco-efficiency

Energy

Natural resources

Land use

Emissions

Toxicity

Risk

Production Distribution SAR Profit

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