ecology information
TRANSCRIPT
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5.1.1.Define habitat, species,
population, community, ecosystem and
ecology.
Habitat: The environment inwhich a species normally lives, or
the location of a living organism.
Species: a group of organismsthat can interbreed and produce
fertile offspring.
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5.1.1.Define habitat, species,
population, community, ecosystem and
ecology.Population: a group of
organisms of the same specieswho live in the same area at
the same time.
Community: a group of
populations living andinteracting with each other in
an area.
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5.1.1.Define habitat, species,
population, community, ecosystem and
ecology.
Ecosystem: a community and
its abiotic environment
Ecology: the study ofrelationships between livingorganisms and betweenorganisms and their environment.
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5.1.2.Distinguish between an
Autotroph and a Heterotroph
An autotroph is an organism
that makes its own food using
photosynthesis and
chemosynthesis.
A heterotroph is an organism
that assimilates energy from
living or recently killed
organisms.
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5.1.3. What is the Difference between
Consumers, Detritivores and
Saprotrophs
Consumers assimilate energy
by ingesting living or recently
killed organisms.
Detritivores assimilate energy
by ingesting dead and rotting
material.
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5.1.3. What is the Difference between
Consumers, Detritivores and
Saprotrophs
Saprotrophs are organisms
that act parasitic, feeding on
the organism by assimilating
energy from the nutrients it
obtains from the organism.
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5.1.4. Describe what is meant by a food
chain, giving three examples, each with at
least three linkages (four organisms)
A food Chain is a simple linear flow which shows
what eats what. It also shows where the
energy from the ingested organisms isassimilated to.
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5.1.4 Describe what is meant by a food
chain, giving three examples, each with at
least three linkages (four organisms)
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5.1.5 Describe what is meant by a
food web.
A food web is a bigger food chain, in the sense
that it has more organisms. It is also more
detailed, as it shows organisms of different
trophic levels and what they eat.
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5.1.5 Describe what is meant by a
food web.
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5.1.6.Define Trophic Level
A trophic level basically
tells you how high up an
organism is on a food
web.
Autotroph Producer Trophic Level 1
Heterotroph Primary
Consumer
Trophic Level 2
Heterotroph Secondary
Consumer
Trophic Level 3
Heterotroph Tertiary
Consumer
Trophic Level 4
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5.1.7. Deduce the trophic level of
organisms in a food chain and a food web.
TertiaryConsumer
Secondary Consumer
PrimaryConsumer
Producer
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5.1.8. Construct a food web containing up
to 10 organisms, using appropriate
information.
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5.1.9 State that light is the initial energy
source for almost all communities.
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5.1.10 Explain the energy flow in a
food chain.
The Producers gather energyfrom photosynthesis andchemosynthesis. When theyare consumed by primaryconsumers, that energy isassimilated by theconsumer. However, only10% of the energy isassimilated. When theprimary consumer is
ingested,10%
of thatenergy is assimilated by thesecondary consumer. Thisflow continues on fromorganism to organism.
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5.1.11 State that energy transformations
are never 100% efficient.
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5.1.12 Explain reasons for the shape
of pyramids of energy
Pyramids of energy show
the flow of energy as it
is assimilated from
organism to organism.Since only 10% of the
energy is assimilated
each time, this causes
the energy graph totake a pyramid shape.
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5.1.13 Explain that energy enters and leaves
ecosystems, but nutrients must be recycled.
Energy is constantly arriving from the sun, which
is then transformed into different types of energy.
The remaining 90% of energy after an
assimilation due to ingestion becomes heatenergy. It is in this type of energy that energyleaves the ecosystem and eventually radiates to
space.
No new matter is created, but molecules arerecycled instead. Autotrophs convert inorganic
molecules into organic compounds.
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5.1.13 Explain that energy enters and leaves
ecosystems, but nutrients must be recycled.
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5.1.14 State that saprotrophic bacteria and
fungi (decomposers) recycle nutrients.
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5.1.14.State that Saprotrophic
Bacteria and Fungi recycle Nutrients