early years of the revolution struggling to build an army
TRANSCRIPT
Opposing Sides
• Patriots –supported Independence
• Loyalist – remained loyal to the king
Fort Ticonderoga
• May 1775
• Green Mountain Boys under the command of Ethan Allen surprise the British and capture Fort Ticonderoga
• CANNON
Battle of Bunker Hill
• June 16, 1775• Colonel William Prescott (A) • Bunker Hill/Breeds Hill over look
BostonAmericans run out of gun powder and
are forced to withdraw
“Don’t fire till you see the whites of their eyes”
Effect of Bunker Hill
• British victory because they take Breed’s Hill
• British lose over 1,000 men
• American morale very high – believed they won
• Siege of Boston – British eventually leave Boston Spring of 1776
Natural Rights
• Rights that belong to all people from birth
- Life, Liberty, Property
Category England United States
Population
Manufacturing
Money
Army
Leaders
Geography
Navy
Approximately
12,000,000
Approximately 2,800,000
(many loyal to England)
Highly developed and flourishing.
Practically none
Richest country in the world.
No money to supportthe war effort.
Large, well-trained armyplus, mercenary: Hessians
All volunteer forceswilling to fight but poorly trained.
Best trained officers in theWorld.
Many dedicated and able officers plus foreign leaders.
Strange land with long distance to base of supplies
Familiar land with easy accessto limited amount of supplies
Strongest navy in the world. No navy
Preparations for War
John Adams Clip: Washington takes command of the Continental Army
• What challenges did the Continental Army face when George Washington took command?
Patriot Advantages
1. homeland
2. Fighting for an idea – DofI
3. British using Hessians (German Mercenaries – paid soldiers)
4. George Washington
Army Struggles
Recruit – enlist soldiers
Deserters – soldiers who ran away
* Washington punished severely
“If we ever hope to have success we must have men enlisted for the duration of the war”
Think Pair Share
• Where would you attack next if you were the British?
New York • General William Howe (B) – 32,000 troops• August 1776 – - Battle of Long Island- Harlem Heights
• Nathanial Hale (A) – proved brave and competent soldier
“ I regret I have but one life to lose for my country”
Aftermath of New York
• Washington logistically and tactically defeated – British take New York
• Saves army through sneak retreat in the middle of the night
• People call for Washington to resign
• Enlistments dwindle and troops desert
• Disaster!
Washington’s Retreat
Washington in trouble?
• After the loss at New York the Hessians and British chased the Continental Army across New Jersey to Philadelphia
• Continental Army was separated and was on the verge of collapse
• Hessians made winter camp in Trenton New Jersey
Trenton
• Washington – On X-mas day army Crosses the Delaware and surprise attacks the Hessians sleeping in Trenton
• Crucial Victory and Turning Point
• Saves Washington’s Job and the Continental Army
EXIT CARD!
How does George Washington defeat the Hessians at Trenton? What does the victory do for Washington and the Continental army?
British Plan• Cut off New England
from the Middle Colonies• Capture the Hudson
- General Burgoyne (B) brings 8,000 troops from Canada
Benedict Arnold (A) – defeats British at Fort Stanwik
Retreat to Fort Saratoga
Battle of Saratoga
• General Horatio Gates (A)
Burgoyne surrounded by Gates and an army 3 x’s his size
October 17, 1777 – Burgoyne surrenders
Effect of Saratoga
• Spoils Britain’s plan to cut off New England from the Middle Colonies
• Other countries see Saratoga and send aid
1. France sends generals
2. Spain sends rifles
3. Both send men