early european colonies - sign in · france & britain establish colonies european countries...
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Focus Questions
What purpose did the colonies serve? What were the similarities & differences
between French & British colonies in North America?
What impact did colonization have on the first Nations?
What characterized the colony of New France?
France & Britain Establish Colonies
European countries created colonies in North America to establish control of the region
Colonies were used as a methods to increase wealth of the European nation
Special privileges were given to companies in order to ensure successful colonization. One important privilege included having complete control of the colonies operations, growth & business ( a monopoly)
The rulers (the Crown) of the Mother Country (France & Britain) and a trade company agreed to certain rights and rules (charter)
Companies receiving a charter monopoly agreed to establish and maintain permanent colonies
French Colonies
French colonies were French and Catholic New France was slow to grow (only 60 000 people
by 1760) and needed constant support from France
France eventually took over the government of New France colony and took steps to increase its population and promote self sufficiency
Fur trade was Frances primary economic activity In New France alliances were made with certain
first nations to succeed in the fur trade
English Colonies British colonies in North America
were made up of a number of European cultures The British colonies in North America grew faster
(250000 people by 1760) and were self sufficient British colonists did not initially form
partnerships with first nations people Each English colony (the Thirteen Colonies) had
its own level of government which was directly controlled by Britain
The British colonies in North America were successfully economically
Hudson's Bay Company controlled the fur trade in Rupert’s land
This area was not settled and First Nations people traveled to British Forts
Impacts of Colonization on the First Peoples
First Peoples alliances with the French made them enemies of the English and their allies
First Nations alliances with the English made them enemies of the French and their allies
The fur trade forced the once peaceful First nations to exploit each others traditional territory & compete economically
Smallpox, measles, tuberculosis wiped out as much as half of the first nations populations
Meet New France
France & New France were class based societies
Nobility & the wealthy were considered the most important members of society
Catholic Church played a very important role in French society
Compte de Frontenac was Governor of New France in 1672
Political Structure of New France
Governor- was responsible for military & protection of the colony, trade alliances with the First nations
Intendant- Chief administrator. Planned the colony’s self reliance
Bishop- religious leader. Responsible for church, education, health care, orphans
Soldiers- protection of New France. Were given land grants seigneuries as a payment for service
The Church in New France
Church was responsible for many services Spiritual training, conversion of the First
nations to Catholicism, establishment of schools, hospitals & orphanages
The Jesuits, a Catholic religious order, were the primary religious leaders in New France
The Grey Nuns, another Catholic religious order, provided nursing health care in the hospitals
Terms Epidemic: a disease affecting many persons at the same time, where the
disease is not permanently prevalent. Half the original native population died
Missionaries: a person sent by a church into an area to persuade or convert others and carry on other activities, such as educational or hospital work. Asked natives to abandon traditional way of life
Imperialism: the rule of a larger stronger nation (France or England) over other foreign countries, includes the acquiring and holding land as colonies. This restricted access to land, & created rivalries among First Nations
Mercantilism: system of economy based on national policies of accumulating gold & wealth
Monopoly: A company or group having exclusive control over a commercial activity.
Courier de bois: Runners of the Woods, natives, adventures or Metis who went inland to gather furs