e. a. draffan (university of southampton), accessibility of etext, ebooks and ejournals: their...
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E. A. Draffan (University of Southampton), presentation, Accessibility of etext, ebooks and ejournals: their market places and devices - UK, given at the TISP Workshop @ ICCHP 2014.TRANSCRIPT
Accessibility of
etext, ebooks
and ejournals:
their market
places and
devices - UK.
E.A. Draffan, University of Southampton
http://access.ecs.soton.ac.uk
Removing barriers for print impaired
individuals
• In the UK, approximately 4% of learners in higher
education have a print disability,.
• 10% of the general population are dyslexic
• between 20 and 50% of men in prison have a
specific learning disability.
• By age 70-80 ebooks could support you YOUR
poor vision (20% risk) or fine motor control
difficulties (50% risk).
E-text revolution – SCONUL* Annual
Library Statistics, 2010-2011
• UK university libraries offered access to 21,189,696 ebooks
• 17, 612, 276 ebooks were purchased
• 1089 e-book databases were purchased
• Expenditure on ebooks was £12,751,3421920
• Mean average of ebooks/100 FTE students is 1,168
*The Society of College, National and University Libraries
E-text revolution - Ebrary global ebook
survey, 2011
Ebook usage is on a par with print books, with almost equal
numbers of students using each type.
• 72% of students would use ebooks if there were more titles
in their subject area.
• 60% of students would use ebooks if there were less
restrictions on printing & copying.
• 85% of students want to download to a PC (up from 80%
in 2008).
UK Progress • Right to Read Alliance coordinating message to publishers
• ·Publisher Lookup website responding to user feedback
• Accessibility Action Group – reps from publishing industry
and advocacy groups – meeting 3-4 times a year to:
– identify areas of strategic importance
– identify areas of future importance and help communicate the value to our audiences (eg EDUPUB)
– plan and implement accessibility seminars for the last 5 London Bookfairs
• Load2Learn – originally schools now FE and Skills sector-
integrates with Publisher Lookup website – Bookshare links
• High quality text to speech voices made freely available to
education sectors in Scotland, England and Wales.
Modelling a Framework for eBook
Accessibility
Thanks to JISC TechDis www.jisctechdis.ac.uk
Disabled Learners understanding what
they could expect and
how it would make
a difference.
Learning Providers understanding the costs of
inaccessibility and their legal
obligations to learners.
Technology
Evolution
(Education) Ebook collections, virtual
learning environments,
WiFi hotspots, Bring Your
Own Device.
Data analytics.
Technology
Evolution
(Publishing)
XML first workflows,
Ebooks, EPUB3, WIPO
enabling technologies
framework, ONIX Codelist
196, Multiple platform
delivery.
Key
drivers
ICT Issues affecting ease of
acquisition…
Accessible e-book
retrieval
Browser
Ebook search engine
Library online
catalogue
Ebook platform
Ebook shop
Ebook retrieval
ICT Factors affecting ease of use…
Accessible e-book
hardware
operating system
App / software
Copyright / lending
restrictions
Publisher
content of the book
Why are e-books helpful for
print impaired readers?
• Recent studies suggest that for print impaired readers:
– Allowing reader to select the font, size and colour can improve reading accuracy (Petrie et al, 2005)
– Reading shorter lines of text on a small screen can improve reading speed (Schneps et al, 2013)
– Hearing and seeing the text in a synchronised manner can improve reading speed, accuracy and comprehension (Stodden et al, 2012)
• These personalisations can be provided through ebooks
if they are accessible and customisable
What makes e-text accessible?
• Alter font size, style, spacing and justification
• Alter font and background colour
• Text can be read aloud
– User can select different voices and speed
• Annotate the text
– Search
– Notes & bookmarks
– Dictionary
Based on Web2Access (http://web2access.org.uk/)
Edupub - ePub3 support grid - http://www.epubtest.org/
Case study – I have to study
Romeo & Juliet….. • Tested Romeo & Juliet in:
– PDF format
– Kindle format
– Generic ebook format with no copy restrictions
• 7 devices
• 10 apps on Android
• 4 apps on iPad and iPhone
• 4 ebook readers on Windows
• 2 Kindle devices
Case Study Results
• Scores ranged from 100% to 21%
• Top scoring app: 100% Voice Dream on iPad or iPhone for
all book formats
• Tests that scored 75%+
– ebooks on iBooks on iPad or iPhone
– Kindle books on iPad or iPhone (but low scores on other platforms)
– ebooks and text documents with Cool Reader (Android)
– ebooks with Blio on iPad and iPhone
0,0%
10,0%
20,0%
30,0%
40,0%
50,0%
60,0%
70,0%
80,0%
90,0%
100,0%
Ebook accessibility rating: blue iOS apps, red Android apps, green
Kindle device, grey Windows apps
Keep watching this space….
“To be blunt, I don't think there is any "great" solution
right now for online textbook sources as you have
limitations with all of them.”
Sean Keegan, Stanford University
ATHEN Email Forum, 26th March 2014
Still to be achieved…
Standardisation
of formats,
devices and
content
personalisation
Copyright and
Digital Rights
Management
relaxation
Guidance for
Accessibility
options
?
Thank You
References
Ebrary global ebook survey, 2011 quoted in CILIP Ebook Acquisition and Lending
Briefing (updated)
http://www.cilip.org.uk/sites/default/files/documents/Ebook%20Acquisition%20and
%20Lending%20Briefing%20July%202013_0.pdf
Guide for testing and developing
http://www.jisctechdis.ac.uk/assets/Documents/accessebookresearch.pdf
Petrie, H., Weber, G., Fisher, W.(2005) Personalization, interaction, and navigation
in rich multimedia documents for print-disabled users. IBM Syst. J. 44(3), 629–635
Schneps MH, Thomson JM, Sonnert G, Pomplun M, Chen C, et al. (2013) Shorter
Lines Facilitate Reading in Those Who Struggle. PLoS ONE 8(8): e71161.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071161
SCONUL Annual Library Statistics, 2010-2011
http://www.sconul.ac.uk/sites/default/files/documents/ALS1011.pdf
Stodden, N. J. (2012). Use of Text-to-speech Software to Improve Reading Skills
of High School Struggling Readers. Procedia Computer Science, 14(Dsai), 359–
362. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2012.10.041