dutch smart meter requirements v2.31 final gprs wake up meter.....18 3.2 authentication and...

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File name: Dutch Smart Meter Requirements v2.31 final GPRS.doc Date: 08-01-2009 Author: KEMA Consulting Config. ID: Version: 2.31 Final Project:TST Dutch Smart Meter Requirements

GPRS Requirements Dutch Smart Meter Requirements

By order of: Netbeheer Nederland

Reference:

Date: January 8th, 2009

Version: 2.31

Status: Final

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Issue list

Version Activity Change summary

Version Activity 7th Draft Last draft version prepared by Wolf Freudenberg 8th Draft Added comments from TST meeting of 10-10-2008 9th Draft Added comments from Essent & Delta 10th Draft Added comments from TST meeting on 07-11-2008 and Essent ESMR requirements 2.3 Final Added introduction section. Added in each requirement the “Applicable” field; Added addi-

tional requirements (DSMR-G 1 t/m DSMR-G 5, DSMR-G 7, DSMR-G 31, DSMR-G 32); Improved description of various requirements.

2.31 Final Added DSMR-G 8a 2.31 Final Clarified DSMR-G11

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CONTENTS

1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Scope................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Normative references........................................................................................... 7

2 General Telecom provider and Communication Unit Requirements ..................... 8 2.1 Logistics............................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Standards and Frequencies ................................................................................. 9 2.3 Performance & Availability ..................................................................................11 2.4 Roaming .............................................................................................................13 2.5 SIM Requirements ..............................................................................................14 2.6 GPRS signal strength and registration indications...............................................15 2.7 Firmware upgrade of communication unit............................................................16

3 GPRS Meter access and connection set-up........................................................18 3.1 Wake up meter....................................................................................................18 3.2 Authentication and security .................................................................................20 3.3 Assign IP address ...............................................................................................23 3.4 Initiate communication ........................................................................................23 3.5 Initiate data exchange .........................................................................................24 3.6 Data exchange....................................................................................................24 3.7 Close connection.................................................................................................24

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List of Definitions Definition Description

Attached but no PDP context The communication unit receives the GSM signal, but there is no TCP/IP connection. The communi-cation unit is in idle state or “off” regarding GPRS.

PDP context The communication unit is connected on TCP/IP level and is able to exchange information. The communication unit is “on” regarding GPRS

dBm dBm is an abbreviation for the power ratio in de-cibel (dB) of the measured power referenced to one milliwatt (mW)

Communication Unit A Communication Unit can either be an integrated or separate module in the meter. Whenever the term “modem” is used this should be interpreted as being a Communication Unit.

List of abbreviations Abbreviation Description

APN Access Point Name BER Bit Error Rate

CAS Central Access System

CENELEC European Committee for Electro technical Stan-dardization Standards

CLIP Calling Line Identification Presentation

CS Coding Scheme for GPRS

DC Data Concentrator DLMS/COSEM Device Language Message Specification

Companion Specification for Energy Metering

GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node GPRS General Packet Radio Service

GSM Global System for Mobile Communication

HSDPA High Speed Down Link Packet Access

IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity IP Internet Protocol

IRAT Inter Radio Access Technology

PDA Personal Digital Assistance

PDP Packet Data Protocol RLC Radio Link Control

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

UMTS Universal Mobile Telephone System (U)SIM (Universal) Subscriber Identity Module

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1 INTRODUCTION This document defines the requirements for the GPRS infrastructure as part of the Dutch Smart Meter Specification. In this document all requirements originating from the NTA 8130, or additionally surveyed by a delegation of the Dutch grid operators, are presented in tables. Each requirement is tightly connected to one or more business use cases presented in the document. The ultimate goal of this procedure is to reduce ambiguity of the requirements due to a better understanding of the requirements.

1.1 Scope This document focuses on the P3 and P3.2 interfaces for Electricity meters and Data Con-centrators since both interfaces can make use of a GPRS connection. The P3.2 interface is introduced because a Data Concentrator (DC) can be placed between the CAS and the me-ter(s). With this, the DC divides P3 into two parts, P3.1 and P3.2. The communication interface P3 (see figure 1.1) is based on the DLMS/COSEM standard and communication interface P3.2 is based on Web Services standards. GPRS meters and GPRS concentrators both contain 3GPP certified communication modules enabling them to connect to a GSM/GPRS network for data transmission. At a later stage, Grid operators might use alter-native technologies for communication, for example UMTS, HSDPA, LTE, Wimax, SMS and/or Mesh. Whenever the term Communication Unit is used within this document this applies for both the communication unit of the meter and the communication unit of the DC since both can make use of a GPRS connection.

Electricitymeter

GasmeterCAS

OSM

PDALaptop

P3.1DC

P3.2

GPRS, Ethernet

PLCP3

P0

P2

P1

Electricitymeter

GasmeterCAS

OSM

PDALaptop

P3.1DC

P3.2

GPRS, Ethernet

PLCP3

P0

P2

P1

Figure 1-1: P3 and P3.2 infrastructure

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1.2 Normative references

The following standards are referred to in this companion standard. For undated references the latest edition applies. Ref No Document Description

1. NTA 8130 NL:2007 Basisfuncties voor de meetinrichting voor elektriciteit, gas en thermi-sche energie voor kleinverbruikers

2. Dutch Smart Meter Re-quirements v2.2 final Main

The main document of the Dutch Smart Meter Requirements, contain-ing all definitions and most of the use cases and requirements

3. Dutch Smart Meter Re-quirements v2.2 final Ten-der

Tender document, containing additional general requirements, use cases and performance requirements

4. Dutch Smart Meter Re-quirements v2.2 final P1

Companion standard P1





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2 GENERAL TELECOM PROVIDER AND COMMUNICATION UNIT REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Logistics

Efficient logistic processes for mobile communication are essential to achieve efficient roll-out of smart meters. The processes must be able to cope with the deployment of large num-bers of meters. DSMR-G 1 Description The offered communication solution must always be compliant to NTA8130 and DSMR

Standards. Rationale The suppliers must provide a working mobile communication network for smart meter-

ing, supporting the latest versions of the NTA8130 AND DSMR

Fit criterion The suppliers must guarantee that the offered communication solution is compliant to NTA8130 and DSMR Standards.

History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3, P3.2 Applicable Comm. Unit Telecom Provider

DSMR-G 2 Description The telecom provider and smart meter/DC vendors must continuously work together to

ensure meter, DC and mobile network compatibility Rationale Examples of the cooperation between telecom providers and smart meter/DC vendors

can be mutually aligned roadmaps and identification of specific requirements that the telecom provider has for meters or concentrators to function optimally in the mobile communication network.

Fit criterion The telecom provider and smart meter/DC vendors must indicate and explain their level of cooperation.


DSMR-G 3 Description The telecom provider must deliver SIM cards to meter/DC manufacturers at any loca-

tion accompanied by a delivery file. At least the following information must be included in the delivery file: • SIM identifier (SSN and ICC-ID) • IMSI number • IP address (depending on the use of static IP addresses)

Rationale SIM cards will be delivered directly to the meter/DC manufacturers. These manufac-turers are typically not located in the Netherlands.

Fit criterion The telecom provider must be able to deliver the SIM cards to meter/DC manufactur-ers at any location. A ‘delivery file’ must be provided to the grid operator and the meter manufacturers. This file contains information about the SIM cards delivered.

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DSMR-G 4 Description The telecom provider must provide efficient tool(s) for SIM card management enabling

amongst others: • Activation of SIM cards (single/batch) • Preferably activation of SIM cards in real-time (i.e. directly after the meter has • been installed by the installation mechanic, connecting to the mobile network for

the first time) • Possibility for the grid operator to see if a SIM card is activated. • Deactivation of SIM cards • Reporting of data use per SIM card • Triggers in case of excessive data use (aggregated or per SIM card)

Rationale A large amount of SIM card information must be administrated and monitored. The telecom provider must therefore provide an efficient tool for SIM card management enabling the grid operators to perform SIM card management in an efficient manner.

Fit criterion The telecom provider must provide efficient tool(s) for SIM card management.


DSMR-G 5 Description Telecom Providers must use ‘Subscriber identity module Serial Numbers’, SSNs for

the identification of SIM cards. The SSN must be printed on the SIM card (readable for man and machine, i.e. with a bar code) and must be included in the delivery file.

Rationale The Subscriber identity module Serial Number is used for the identification of the SIM cards because these numbers are unique international numbers. Meter/DC suppliers often have their internal systems based these numbers.

Fit criterion Telecom Providers must indicate if they use ‘Subscriber identity module Serial Num-bers’, SSNs for the identification of SIM cards. The SSN must be printed on the SIM card (readable for man and machine, i.e. with a bar code) and must be included in the delivery file.


2.2 Standards and Frequencies The communication modules currently used are based on GSM/GPRS. Once installed, the meters should be able to last for at least 20 years. Future meters might support UMTS, HSDPA, LTE, Wimax and/or Mesh.

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DSMR-G 6 Description The telecom provider and communication unit shall comply with the generic standards

for GSM and GPRS. Rationale The GPRS service of the telecom provider and telecommunication unit shall comply

with the latest version of the of the 3GPP TS standard and related documents and with the corresponding frequencies which will be used in the Netherlands at the time of im-plementation.

Fit criterion The telecom provider and communication unit shall comply with the generic standards for GSM and GPRS.


DSMR-G 7 Description If UMTS is supported the telecom provider and communication unit shall comply with

the generic standards for UMTS. Rationale In order to prevent Energy Grid Operators from investments if older wireless technolo-

gies approach the end of their lifecycles it is highly desirable that the telecom providers and communication unit supplier must provide the possibility to switch to a next com-munication technology, such as UMTS or HSDPA. If UMTS is offered then the UMTS service of the telecom provider and communication unit shall comply with the latest version of the 3GPP TS standard and related documents and with the corresponding frequencies which will be used in the Netherlands at the time of implementation.

Fit criterion If UMTS is offered the telecom provider and communication unit shall comply with the generic standards for UMTS.


DSMR-G 8 Description The communication unit must be certified on the communication network by the Dutch

telecommunication network providers. Rationale The telecommunication network providers must give network approval in the ‘Site Ac-

ceptance Test’ to ensure communication in the mobile network works optimally. Fit criterion The communication unit shall be certified to comply with the latest version of the 3GPP

TS standard and related documents and with the corresponding frequencies which will be used in the Netherlands at the time of implementation.


DSMR-G 8a Description The communication unit must confirm to various international standards regarding the

safety requirements for equipment to be connected to telecommunication networks.

Rationale This in order to fulfil European guidelines and/or to prevent the grid operator from

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claims regarding third parties concerning human exposure and radio disturbance. Fit criterion The communication module in the E meter shall fulfil the latest versions of

CENELEC/EN EN 41003, CENELEC/EN EN 50360, CENELEC/EN EN 50371, CENELEC/EN EN 50385, and CENELEC/EN EN 50401.


DSMR-G 9 Description The efficient, secure and continuous operation of the smart meter infrastructure must be

guaranteed for at least 20 years. The telecom providers and communication unit supplier must therefore offer alternative communication mechanisms/technologies not needing re-placement of SIM cards or GPRS communication modules, in case GPRS phases out within 20 years

Rationale In order to prevent Energy Grid Operators from investments if older wireless technologies approach the end of their lifecycles, the telecom providers and communication unit sup-plier must be flexible towards changes in communication technologies and functionalities.

Fit criterion The efficient, secure and continuous operation of the smart meter infrastructure must be guaranteed for at least 20 years. The telecom providers and communication unit supplier must therefore be flexible towards changes in communication technologies and functional-ities, such as UMTS or HSDPA. The communication unit supplier must indicate the differ-ence in costs of communication units which support such a switch.


2.3 Performance & Availability

For a successful roll-out, the number of smart meters that have mobile network coverage needs to be maximized. The network characteristics of available alternatives (PLC communi-cation) make accurate predictions of available network coverage onsite essential. The tele-com Provider is asked to provide coverage information for the geographical areas. In areas where the telecom provider guarantees GPRS services the connection performance using an internal antenna is to be defined to prevent loss of communication. DSMR-G 10 Description The telecom provider has to provide an overview of guaranteed signal strength per zip

code region by mentioning the signal strength in dBm for the following classes:

• Outdoor

• Indoor

• Enhanced indoor

Rationale In areas where the telecom provider guarantees GPRS services the signal strength is to be defined to prevent loss of communication. Detailed coverage data of sufficient signal strength at relevant addresses must be provided prior to installation of smart meters and concentrators for example by means of:

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• Regular available network data • Improved network data (e.g. using more detailed building structure data) • Additional signal strength measurements performed (e.g. drive test) • Probes in the GPRS network giving detailed information (e.g. data mining of active

anonymous GPRS devices such as mobile phones, smart phones and/or Black Berry devices in idle/stand-by state during the night)

• Guaranteed coverage from telecom provider (by delivering addresses/postal codes prior to installing meters or concentrators) for GPRS, SMS and CSD

Fit criterion The signal strength in the Netherlands of the GPRS network shall be equal or better than 85dBm at the RF input of the communication Unit.

History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3, P3.2 Applicable Telecom Provider

DSMR-G11 Description The Grid Operator must be able to receive and transmit data for 99.5% of all meters or

concentrators, with which the Grid Operator tries to communicate on a daily basis during all hours using an internal antenna. This performance must be met by the telecom pro-vider in 98% of all days in the year. The telecom provider is allowed a ‘return-to-operation’ of no more than 12 hours.

Rationale In areas where the telecom provider guarantees GPRS services the connection perform-ance using an internal antenna is to be defined to prevent loss of communication. The use of an internal antenna is required in order to avoid the possible tampering scenario’s as-sociated with an external antenna.

Fit criterion The Grid Operator must be able to receive and transmit data for 99.5% of all meters or concentrators using an internal antenna. This performance must be met by the telecom provider in 98% of all days in the year. The telecom provider is allowed a ‘return-to-operation’ of no more than 12 hours.


DSMR-G 12 Description The telecom provider has to guarantee a Class 10 GPRS connection Rationale In areas where the telecom provider guarantees GPRS services the minimum GPRS

Class is to be defined to prevent loss of communication. GPRS Multi slot Classes are product dependant, and determine the maximum achievable data rates in both the uplink and downlink directions. In a Class 10 device 4 Downlink slots and 2 uplink slots are available with a maximum of 5 active slots.

Fit criterion The minimum GPRS communication class shall be equal or better than class 10 for a connection using an internal antenna.


DSMR-G 13 Description The communication unit shall comply with automatic switching between GSM and GPRS Rationale The GPRS Communication Units for E metering and DC can be classified into the follow-

ing three classes in terms of the possibility of simultaneous calls (via GSM) and data

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transmission (via GPRS).

• Class A - Simultaneous calls (via GSM) and data transmission (via GPRS),

• Class B - Automatic switching between the GSM and the GPRS mode is possible according to telephone settings,

• Class C - Hand operated switching between the GSM and the GPRS mode. Class B is commonly used and is suitable for the meter reading process e.g. wake-up call.

Fit criterion For E metering and DC Class B is required. If the communication unit receives a GSM call during a GPRS connection it shall proceed with the GPRS connection.

History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3, P3.2 Applicable Comm. Unit

DSMR-G 14

Description The E meter/DC must be able to automatically recover from GPRS communication prob-lems, using a randomising algorithm to reconnect.

Rationale Automatic recovery of the E meter after GPRS communication problems is necessary for the availability of communication with the E meter. In order to prevent that many discon-nected meters re-establish a GPRS connection simultaneously, a randomising reconnect algorithm is to be used.

Fit criterion In case the initiation of the GPRS connection fails the communication unit will try to re-connect a configurable number times with a configurable interval after the first attempt, using a randomising reconnect algorithm. In this case it is allowed to exceed the config-ured communication time window.

History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3, P3.2 Applicable Comm. Unit E meter

DSMR-G 15

Description The equipment shall include an internal watchdog timer.

Rationale A watchdog timer is a piece of hardware that can be used to automatically detect soft-ware anomalies and reset the processors if any occur. This functionality makes the sys-tem self-reliant, it will trigger a reboot if the system ever hangs. Each time a watchdog becomes active it will be logged as an event in the error register.

Fit criterion The equipment shall include an internal watchdog timer.

History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3, P3.2 Applicable Comm. Unit E Meter

2.4 Roaming The telecom provider must supply the Grid Operator with an efficient, trustworthy and flexible communication solution. Flexibility in this sense is largely determined by the flexibility to use multiple mobile networks, now and in the future. To maximize coverage smart meters must have access to more than one mobile network. If the primary network fails to deliver the nec-

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essary coverage the smart meter should be able to switch to other mobile networks that are available without having to change SIM cards or visit meters in any other way. Nevertheless, it must be possible to prevent the use of other mobile networks in case of bad reception (e.g. switching-off roaming per SIM card). DSMR-G 16 Description International roaming shall be allowed but it must be possible to enable/disable Inter-

national roaming.

Rationale When the E meter is near the border (Belgian or German) it must be possible to en-able or disable international roaming by the Communication Unit parameters or net-work coverage. In general it is advised to allow roaming in case of insufficient cover-age. This will provide maximum availability of the E meter.

Fit criterion For the communication unit international roaming is allowed. Enabling or disabling International roaming should be configurable for example if the national GPRS signal is too weak for a sufficient GPRS connection. International roaming can be prevented by network coverage measurements or con-figuration of the communication unit of the E meter.


DSMR-G 17 Description For the communication unit national roaming over the GPRS networks of different na-

tional telecom providers must be possible. This requires multiple IMSI support. Rationale if the GPRS signal of one telecom provider is too weak for a sufficient GPRS connec-

tion, it must be possible to roam to the network of a different telecom provider. This will provide maximum availability of the E meter. This requires multiple IMSI support. SIM cards are identified on their individual operator networks by holding a unique Interna-tional Mobile Subscriber Identity. Mobile operators connect mobile phone calls and communicate with their market SIM cards using their IMSI.

Fit criterion National roaming between GPRS networks of different national telecom providers is allowed. This requires multiple IMSI support.


2.5 SIM Requirements SIM cards are the local interface between the communication module and the mobile com-munication network and are therefore expected to be a critical component for achieving con-tinuous operation of smart meters and concentrators. SIM cards must be guaranteed to last at least the lifetime of the smart meters being installed.

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DSMR-G 18 Description The communication unit supplier has to indicate which SIM technologies are sup-

ported: • SIM • USIM • Chip SIMs • Soft SIMs

Rationale Chip SIMs and Soft SIMs are programmable chips on a PCB which is permanently installed. This will provide additional security as they are permanently installed in the communication unit and cannot easily be removed and misused.

Fit criterion The communication unit provider must indicate if the communication unit can be sup-plied with a SIM, USIM or Chip or Soft SIM and quote the price difference between the different scenarios.


DSMR-G 19 Description The telecom provider has to guarantee and indicate the minimum lifetime of the

SIM/USIM cards and/or Chip/Soft SIMs.

Rationale In order to avoid as much as possible costly SIM replacements in a large number of installed meters, the telecom provider has to guarantee a minimum lifetime of the SIM/USIM cards and/or Chip/Soft SIM cards. SIM cards need to be sufficiently pro-tected (reinforced).

Fit criterion The telecom provider has to indicate the guaranteed minimum life time of the:

• SIM

• USIM

• Chip SIM • Soft SIM


2.6 GPRS signal strength and registration indications

During installation it is important to have high success rates regarding installed and con-nected (registered) E-meters. A tool will be provided by the meter itself by means of display indications of the GPRS signal strength and registration status. DSMR-G 20 Description The E meter shall indicate on the display the reception of the GPRS signal in a mini-

mum of 4 separate configurable signal strength levels.

Rationale During installation it is important to have high success rates regarding installed and connected E-meters. A tool will be provided by the meter itself by means of a display

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indication in 4 separate signal strength levels as any other measurement by e.g. PDA will be different and could lead to inaccessible meters.

Fit criterion The E meter shall present on the display that the signal-level of the GSM/GPRS net-work is sufficient for a good communication during “attached but no PDP context” in a minimum of 4 separate configurable signal strength levels: - No reception - Low reception - Medium reception - High reception

The signal is sufficient for GPRS if it is -85 dBm at the RF input or better.


DSMR-G 21 Description The E meter shall indicate on the display that the meter has been registered at the

Central Access System (CAS).

Rationale During installation it is important to have high success rates regarding installed and connected E-meters. A tool will be provided by the meter itself by means of a display indication that the meter has been successfully registered by the CAS.

Fit criterion The E meter shall provide a display indicator to indicate that the meter has been suc-cessfully registered at the Central Access System (CAS).


DSMR-G 22

Description The E meter must be able to provide the GPRS signal strength level to the CAS.

Rationale This requirement is necessary for a pro-active measurements by the grid operator to determine if problems are likely to arise regarding the GPRS connections.

Fit criterion The communication unit shall send the GPRS signal strength level of the GSM/GPRS network to the CAS when the use case “Retrieve M&S equipment state” is invoked.

History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3, P3.2 Applicable Comm. Unit, DC, E Meter

2.7 Firmware upgrade of communication unit

In order to keep the firmware of the meters and DC up to date without the need to visit the meters and DCs, it must be possible to update the firmware via the GPRS network. In prac-tice firmware updates will take place around once a year. DSMR-G 23

Description It must be possible to perform an Over The Air firmware upgrade of the communication unit.

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Rationale In order to prevent Energy Grid Operators from investments by manually updating the firmware of the communication unit, it must be possible to perform an Over The Air firmware upgrade of the communication unit.

Fit criterion Please note that NTA 8130 states that firmware upgrades for the metering installation are required. This includes the communication unit. In the DSMR document section 5.1.2 the firmware upgrade procedure of the E-meter and the DC is described. The same procedure is applicable for the communication unit. The supplier of the commu-nication unit must indicate the possibilities of Over The Air firmware upgrades of the communication unit.

History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3, P3.2 Applicable Comm. Unit

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3 GPRS METER ACCESS AND CONNECTION SET-UP The meter access and connection set-up process is shown in figure 1. For each step in the communication process different options and the corresponding requirements will be de-scribed. The meter access and connection set-up can be visualized in 7 steps:

1. Wake-up meter 2. Authentication 3. Assign IP address 4. Initiate communication 5. Initiate data exchange 6. Data exchange 7. Close connection

Figure 1 : Meter access and connection set-up process

3.1 Wake up meter

The first step in the communication process is to have meters ‘online’ in the mobile network (PDP context). Meters can be either always online or meters are not continuously online and have to be ‘woken up’:

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• ‘Always on’ communication: Meter or concentrator continuously has PDP context in the

mobile network. There can be data exchange ‘at any time’. Concentrators will use the ‘always on’ communication mechanism, automatically trying to re-enable communication in case of temporary failure. Concentrators will most likely use static IP addresses.

• Internal trigger (no continuous PDP context): Meter must be ‘woken up’ before data ex-change over IP can take place. An internal trigger is generated by the meter itself using an internal (randomized) clock. After being woken up meters have PDP context.

• External trigger (no continuous PDP context): Meter must be ‘woken up’ before data ex-change over IP can take place. Triggers are coordinated by the CAS. External triggers can be CSD (or voice call if secure), SMS or Network Initiated PDP context. After being woken up meters have PDP context.

The requirements related to both wake-up processes are described in this section. Wake up using internal trigger DSMR-G 24 Description The E meter shall initiate a session to the CAS based on an internal trigger, using a

configurable time window independent of external triggers.

Rationale From a telecom provider perspective the meter will generate too much load on the network if all E meters have an 'always-on' GPRS connection. This will result in higher prices for the Dutch Grid operators..

Fit criterion The communication unit shall be trigged randomly by the E meter to set up the con-nection with the CAS of the grid operator within a configurable time frame independent of external triggers. The meter will close the session in case the time exceeds a con-figured time limit.

History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3, P3.2 Applicable Comm. Unit, DC, E Meter

Wake up using external trigger DSMR-G 25 Description It shall be possible to send a (CSD or SMS) wake up call from the CAS to the E meter.

Rationale This requirement is necessary for on demand or ad-hoc access to the meter. Meters are only connected to the GPRS network when there is a need for data communica-tion. Daily readings will be performed at night, e.g. during the a configured time frame. Outside this time frame the meter will not be connected to the GPRS network. It must be possible to trigger a connection of the meter to the GPRS network. This trigger is known as a wake-up call and will be sent by the CAS.

Fit criterion It shall be possible for the grid operator to wake up the E meter if it does not have an active GPRS connection. This can be done by means of a CSD (GSM) wake-up-call. In this case the communication unit will always provide a busy signal to the caller. The other option is by sending an SMS wake-up call.

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3.2 Authentication and security

The communication infrastructure that will be implemented in the smart meter landscape must be secure. Unauthorized access to and usage of the communication network and meters must be prevented and customer information must be protected. Exploits that bypass the security measures must be prevented by all means and impact must be minimized. The authentication process is equal for the regular and on demand communication process. The requirements related to the authentication process are described in this section. DSMR-G 26 Description The communication unit supplier shall deliver the SIM/USIM cards or Chip/Soft SIM

depending on the service available with an initial login credentials for the network.

Rationale In order to initially install the meter the communication unit supplier shall deliver the SIM/USIM cards or Chip/Soft SIM depending on the service available with an initial Username/Password combination. (if necessary based on an algorithm supplied by the grid company) This username/password combination needs to be changed by the grid operator after the first PDP context into a unique username/password combination.

Fit criterion The SIM/USIM cards or Chip/Soft SIM will be delivered with an initial User-name/Password combination which needs to be changed after the first PDP context into a unique username/password combination.

History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3, P3.2 Applicable Comm. Unit DC Telecom Provider E Meter

DSMR-G 27 Description The network access information may not be saved on the SIM/USIM cards or

Chip/Soft SIM cards.

Rationale In order to provide additional security the information necessary for network access is not saved on the SIM/USIM cards or Chip/Soft SIM cards. Only the necessary set-up information is allowed to be stored on the SIM/USIM cards or Chip/Soft SIM cards. Necessary set-up information is network and modem dependent.

Fit criterion Only the necessary set-up information is allowed to be stored on the SIM/USIM cards or Chip/Soft SIM cards. The necessary set-up information is network and modem de-pendent.


DSMR-G28 Description Preferably the telecom provider must be able to assign non public MSISDN numbers.

Rationale The use of non public MSISDN numbers such as for example 02 numbers instead of

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06 numbers, delivers an extra layer of security because the used numbers are not eas-ily accessible to the general public.

Fit criterion The telecom provider must indicate if the use of non public MSISDN numbers is possi-ble.


DSMR-G 29 Description It shall not be allowed for the telecom provider to put or change information in the

communication unit which can impede the operational processes of the grid operator.

Rationale It shall not be allowed for the telecom provider to put or change information in the communication unit such as a blacklist, whitelist, and other functions such as preferred or non preferred telecom providers, as this might impede upon the operation proc-esses of the grid operator.

Fit criterion It shall not be allowed for the telecom provider to put or change information in the communication unit which can impede the operational processes of the grid operator


DSMR-G 30 Description It shall be possible to change user definable parameters in the communication unit

such as the white list, black list, preferred operator list etc.

Rationale This requirement is necessary for on demand meter access for the purposes as men-tioned beneath.

Fit criterion It shall be possible to change user definable parameters such as the telephone num-bers in the:

• White list of the communication unit, listing the allowed telephone numbers from which a CSD wake-up call is accepted.

• Black list of the communication unit, listing the not allowed telecom operators

• Preferred operator list of the communication unit, listing the preferred telecom op-erators

• National and international Roaming allowed/not allowed parameters History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3, P3.2 Applicable Comm. Unit

Telecom Provider

DSMR-G 31 Description Telecom Providers must provide a complete overview of all services, network ports,

external systems that are accessible for a smart meter and or SIM card and block ac-cess to services or external systems not strictly required for the operation of the smart metering system.

Rationale Telecom providers should employ necessary security provisions to restrict access to the communication network to authorized meters and SIM cards only. Furthermore, authorized meters and/or SIM cards must not have access to services or external sys-tems not strictly required for the operation of the smart metering system.

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Fit criterion Telecom Providers are requested to stipulate: • Which services, network ports, external systems are accessible for a smart meter

fitted with a grid operator owned SIM card • What measures are taken to exclude non grid operator owned smart meters and/or

SIM cards from those network resources • What measures are taken to verify that the grid operator owned SIM card has not

been removed from the original meter and is now being used with a different mo-dem

• What general network security measures are implemented, such as firewalls, in-trusion detection system


DSMR-G 32 Description The Telecom Providers must offer a dedicated APN per Grid Operator to which those

grid operators smart metering SIM cards have exclusive access.

Rationale The Telecom Providers must offer a dedicated APN per Grid Operator to which those grid operators smart metering SIM cards have exclusive access. Such a private APN offers an additional security layer to prevent unauthorised access.

Fit criterion The Telecom Providers must offer a dedicated APN per Grid Operator to which those grid operators smart metering SIM cards have exclusive access. If Telecom Providers have a more cost effective solution please elaborate.


DSMR-G 33 Description The APN name must not be hard coded in the meter but remotely changeable.

Rationale The APN name is the access address to the GPRS service network. This is a setting which is network dependent so the communication unit can access the GPRS network. When a GPRS communication unit sets up a PDP context, the access point is se-lected. This access point is then used in a DNS query to a private DNS network. This process (called APN resolution) finally gives the IP address of the GGSN which should serve the access point. At this point a PDP context can be activated.

Fit criterion The APN name must not be hard coded in the meter but remotely changeable. History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3, P3.2 Applicable Comm. Unit

Telecom Provider

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DSMR-G 34 Description The telecom provider shall support a virtual private network for data (non voice) only.

Rationale In order to strictly separate the GPRS network for E meters from commonly used GPRS networks, a virtual private network is necessary. This will prevent unauthorized access to the Grid Operators network.

Fit criterion The telecom provider shall be able to provide a VPN trunk to the CAS of the grid op-erator. The VPN shall be able to handle a corresponding amount of GPRS connections in the configured time-frame.


3.3 Assign IP address

If dynamic IP addresses are used, the meter/DC is assigned an available IP address. If static IP addresses are used the meter or DC is (re)issued its static IP address. After the connec-tion request has been accepted the result is reported to the meter/DC. The meter/DC now has an authorized IP address. The requirements related to the assignment of IP addresses are described in this section. DSMR-G 35 Description The telecom provider and communication unit shall support different IP addressing

options.

Rationale There are different techniques regarding dynamic- or static IP addresses used by sup-pliers of E equipment, which should be supported by the telecom providers.

• Dynamic IP-addresses with or without Radius server connected to the GGSN in the GPRS network of the telecom provider.

• Fixed IP addresses with Radius server connected to the GGSN in the GPRS network of the telecom provider.

Fit criterion The telecom provider and communication unit shall indicate the different IP addressing options.


3.4 Initiate communication

The next step is to initiate the communication. Communication can be initiated with a push or pull mechanism: • Push (meter initiated communication): After having PDP context (online) a meter actively

contacts initiates data exchange. • Pull (CAS initiated communication): After having PDP context (online) the CAS actively

contacts a meter. The requirements related to the initiation of the communication process are described in the Dutch Smart Meter Requirements.

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3.5 Initiate data exchange

The procedures to initiate the data exchange are described in the Dutch Smart Meter Re-quirements.

3.6 Data exchange

The procedures for the actual data Exchange are described in the Dutch Smart Meter Re-quirements.

3.7 Close connection

At the end of the data exchange the GPRS connection can be closed again until the next regular or on demand data exchange, according to the standard.

dutch smart meter requirements v2.31 final gprs wake up meter.....18 3.2 authentication and...

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