dutch smart meter requirements v4.0 final gprs tc 02-02 …

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File name: Dutch Smart Meter Requirements v4.0 final GPRS.doc Date: 31-01-2011 Author: Netbeheer Nederland Version: 4.0 Final

GPRS Requirements Dutch Smart Meter Requirements 1

2 3 4

5

By order of: Netbeheer Nederland

Date: January 31st, 2011

Version: 4.0

Status: Final

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Change summary 11 12 Version Change 4.0 Throughout the document all references to SIM were replaced by USIM 4.0 Throughout the document all reference to DC, Data Concentrator and port 3.2 were re-

moved. 4.0 In section 2.3 requirement DSMR-G 4.2.13 was changed 4.0 In section 2.3 requirement DSMR-G 4.2.15 was changed 4.0 In section 2.5 added requirement DSMR-G 3.2.22 4.0 In section 3 figure 1 was replaced 4.0 In section 3.1 requirement DSMR-G 4.3.1 was changed 4.0 In section 3.1 requirement DSMR-G 4.3.2 was added 4.0 In section 3.1 requirements DSMR-G 4.3.4 and DSMR-G 4.3.5 were added 4.0 In section 3.1 requirements DSMR-G 4.3.7 through DSMR-G 4.3.13 were added 4.0 In section 3.2 requirement DSMR-G 4.3.19 was added 4.0 In section 3.2 changed the rationale of requirement DSMR-G 4.3.22 to include “Time be-

tween retries” 4.0 In section 3.2 a new subsection 3.2.1 was created 4.0 In section 3.2.1 requirements DSMR-G 4.3.24 and DSMR-G 4.3.25 were added 4.0 Annex A: DSMR 3.0 – DSMR 4.0 Mapping table was added

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CONTENTS 14

1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 6 15 1.1 Scope................................................................................................................... 6 16 1.2 Normative references........................................................................................... 6 17

2 General Telecom provider and Communication Unit Requirements ..................... 7 18 2.1 Logistics............................................................................................................... 7 19 2.2 Standards and Frequencies ................................................................................. 8 20 2.3 Performance & Availability ..................................................................................10 21 2.4 Roaming .............................................................................................................13 22 2.5 USIM Requirements............................................................................................14 23 2.6 GPRS signal strength and registration indications...............................................15 24 2.7 Firmware upgrade of communication unit............................................................16 25

3 GPRS Meter access and connection set-up........................................................18 26 3.1 Wake up meter....................................................................................................18 27 3.2 Authentication and security .................................................................................23 28 3.3 Assign IP address ...............................................................................................27 29 3.4 Initiate communication ........................................................................................28 30 3.5 Initiate data exchange .........................................................................................28 31 3.6 Data exchange....................................................................................................28 32 3.7 Close connection ................................................................................................28 33

Annex A: Requirements DSMR 3.0 – DSMR 4.0 Mapping Table..........................................29 34 35 ��¶

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List of Definitions 36 Definition Description

Attached but no PDP context The communication unit receives the GSM signal, but there is no TCP/IP connection. The communi-cation unit is in idle state or “off” regarding GPRS.

PDP context The communication unit is connected on TCP/IP level and is able to exchange information. The communication unit is “on” regarding GPRS

dBm dBm is an abbreviation for the power ratio in decibel (dB) of the measured power referenced to one milliwatt (mW)

Communication Unit A Communication Unit can either be an integrated or separate module in the meter. Whenever the term “modem” is used this should be interpreted as being a Communication Unit.

37 List of abbreviations 38 Abbreviation Description

APN Access Point Name

BER Bit Error Rate

CS Central System CENELEC European Committee for Electro technical Stan-

dardization Standards

CLIP Calling Line Identification Presentation

CS Coding Scheme for GPRS

DLMS/COSEM Device Language Message Specification Companion Specification for Energy Metering

GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

GSM Global System for Mobile Communication

HSDPA High Speed Down Link Packet Access IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity

IP Internet Protocol

IRAT Inter Radio Access Technology

PDA Personal Digital Assistance

PDP Packet Data Protocol

RLC Radio Link Control

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access UMTS Universal Mobile Telephone System

(U)SIM (Universal) Subscriber Identity Module

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1 INTRODUCTION 39

40 This document defines the requirements for the GPRS infrastructure as part of the Dutch 41 Smart Meter Specification. In this document all requirements originating from the NTA 8130, 42 or additionally surveyed by a delegation of the Dutch grid operators, are presented in tables. 43 Each requirement is tightly connected to one or more business use cases presented in the 44 document. The ultimate goal of this procedure is to reduce ambiguity of the requirements due 45 to a better understanding of the requirements. 46 47

1.1 Scope 48

This document focuses on the P3 interface for Electricity meters since this interfaces can 49 make use of a GPRS connection. The communication interface P3 (see figure 1.1) is based 50 on the DLMS/COSEM standard. GPRS meters contain 3GPP certified communication mod-51 ules enabling them to connect to a GSM/GPRS network for data transmission. At a later 52 stage, Grid operators might use alternative technologies for communication, for example 53 UMTS, HSDPA, LTE, Wimax, SMS and/or Mesh. 54 55 Whenever the term Communication Unit is used within this document, this applies to the 56 communication unit of the meter. 57 58

1.2 Normative references 59

The following standards are referred to in this companion standard. For undated references 60 the latest edition applies. 61 Ref No Document Description

1. NTA 8130 NL:2007 Basisfuncties voor de meetinrichting voor elektriciteit, gas en thermi-sche energie voor kleinverbruikers

2. Dutch Smart Meter Re-quirements v4.0 final Main

The main document of the Dutch Smart Meter Requirements, contain-ing all definitions and most of the use cases and requirements

3. Dutch Smart Meter Re-quirements v4.0 final P1

Companion standard P1





6. Dutch Smart Meter Re-quirements v4.0 final IP

Additional document describing the requirements for IP via Ethernet.

62 63

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2 GENERAL TELECOM PROVIDER AND COMMUNICATION UNIT 64 REQUIREMENTS 65

66 67 2.1 Logistics 68

Efficient logistic processes for mobile communication are essential to achieve efficient roll-69 out of smart meters. The processes must be able to cope with the deployment of large num-70 bers of meters. 71 DSMR-G 4.2.1 72 Description The offered communication solution must always be compliant to NTA8130 and DSMR

Standards. Rationale The suppliers must provide a working mobile communication network for smart meter-

ing, supporting the latest versions of the NTA8130 and DSMR Fit criterion The suppliers must guarantee that the offered communication solution is compliant to

NTA8130 and DSMR Standards. History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit

Telecom Provider

73 DSMR-G 4.2.2 74 Description The telecom provider and smart meter vendors must continuously work together to

ensure meter and mobile network compatibility Rationale Examples of the cooperation between telecom providers and smart meter vendors can

be mutually aligned roadmaps and identification of specific requirements that the tele-com provider has for meters to function optimally in the mobile communication net-work.

Fit criterion The telecom provider and smart meter vendors must indicate and explain their level of cooperation.

History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit Telecom Provider

75 DSMR-G 4.2.3 76 Description The telecom provider must deliver USIM cards to meter manufacturers at any location.

At least the following information must be made available: • USIM identifier (SSN and ICC-ID) • IMSI number • MSISDN number (if available)

Rationale USIM cards will be delivered directly to the meter manufacturers. These manufacturers are typically not located in the Netherlands.

Fit criterion The telecom provider must be able to deliver the USIM cards to meter manufacturers at any location. A ‘delivery file’ must be provided to the grid operator and the meter manufacturers. This file contains information about the USIM cards delivered.


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DSMR-G 4.2.4 77 Description The telecom provider must be able to provide efficient tool(s) for USIM card manage-

ment enabling amongst others: • Activation of USIM cards (single/batch) • Preferably activation of USIM cards in real-time (i.e. directly after the meter has • been installed by the installation mechanic, connecting to the mobile network for

the first time) • Possibility for the grid operator to see if a USIM card is activated. • Deactivation of USIM cards • Reporting of data use per USIM card • Triggers in case of excessive data use (aggregated or per USIM card)

Rationale A large amount of USIM card information must be administrated and monitored. The telecom provider must therefore provide an efficient tool for USIM card management enabling the grid operators to perform USIM card management in an efficient manner.

Fit criterion The telecom provider must provide efficient tool(s) for USIM card management. History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit

Telecom Provider

78 DSMR-G 4.2.5 79 Description Telecom Providers must use ICC-ID for the identification of USIM cards. The ICC-ID

must be printed on the USIM card (readable for man and machine, i.e. with a bar code) and must be included in the delivery file.

Rationale Integrated Circuit Card ID (ICC-ID) is the 19 or 20-digit serial number of the USIM card The ICC-ID is used for the identification of the USIM cards because these numbers are unique international numbers. Meter suppliers often have their internal systems based these numbers.

Fit criterion Telecom Providers must indicate if they use ICC-ID for the identification of USIM cards. The ICC-ID must be printed on the USIM card (readable for man and machine, i.e. with a bar code) and must be included in the delivery file.


80 81

2.2 Standards and Frequencies 82 83 The communication modules currently used are based on GSM/GPRS. Once installed, the 84 meters should be able to last for at least 20 years. Future meters might support UMTS, 85 HSDPA, LTE, Wimax and/or Mesh. 86 87

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DSMR-G 4.2.6 88 Description The telecom provider and communication unit shall comply with the generic standards

for GSM and GPRS. Rationale The GPRS service of the telecom provider and telecommunication unit shall comply

with the latest version of the 3GPP TS standard and related documents and with the corresponding frequencies which will be used in the Netherlands at the time of imple-mentation.

Fit criterion The telecom provider and communication unit shall comply with the generic standards for GSM and GPRS.


89 DSMR-G 4.2.7 90 Description If UMTS is supported the telecom provider and communication unit shall comply with

the generic standards for UMTS. Rationale In order to prevent Energy Grid Operators from investments if older wireless technolo-

gies approach the end of their lifecycles it is highly desirable that the telecom providers and communication unit supplier must provide the possibility to switch to a next com-munication technology, such as UMTS or HSDPA. If UMTS is offered then the UMTS service of the telecom provider and communication unit shall comply with the latest version of the 3GPP TS standard and related documents and with the corresponding frequencies which will be used in the Netherlands at the time of implementation.

Fit criterion If UMTS is offered the telecom provider and communication unit shall comply with the generic standards for UMTS.


91 DSMR-G 4.2.8 92 Description The communication unit must be certified on the communication network by the Dutch

telecommunication network providers. Rationale The telecommunication network providers must give network approval in the ‘Site Ac-

ceptance Test’ to ensure communication in the mobile network works optimally. The communication provider should have a certification process in place to certify on re-quest a meter/modem.

Fit criterion The communication unit shall be certified to comply with the latest version of the 3GPP TS standard and related documents and with the corresponding frequencies which will be used in the Netherlands at the time of implementation.


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DSMR-G 4.2.9 94 Description The communication unit must confirm to various international standards regarding the

safety requirements for equipment to be connected to telecommunication networks. Rationale This in order to fulfil European guidelines and/or to prevent the grid operator from

claims regarding third parties concerning human exposure and radio disturbance. Fit criterion The communication module in the E meter shall fulfil the latest versions of

CENELEC/EN EN 41003, CENELEC/EN EN 50360, CENELEC/EN EN 50371, CENELEC/EN EN 50385, and CENELEC/EN EN 50401.


95 DSMR-G 4.2.10 96 Description The efficient, secure and continuous operation of the smart meter infrastructure must be

guaranteed for at least 20 years. The telecom providers and communication unit supplier must therefore offer alternative communication mechanisms/technologies not needing re-placement of USIM cards or GPRS communication modules, in case GPRS phases out within 20 years

Rationale In order to prevent Energy Grid Operators from investments if older wireless technologies approach the end of their lifecycles, the telecom providers and communication unit sup-plier must be flexible towards changes in communication technologies and functionalities.

Fit criterion The efficient, secure and continuous operation of the smart meter infrastructure must be guaranteed for at least 20 years. The telecom providers and communication unit supplier must therefore be flexible towards changes in communication technologies and functional-ities, such as UMTS, HSDPA or Wifi. The communication unit supplier must indicate the difference in costs of communication units which support such a switch.


97

2.3 Performance & Availability 98 99 For a successful roll-out, the number of smart meters that have mobile network coverage 100 needs to be maximized. The network characteristics of available alternatives (PLC communi-101 cation) make accurate predictions of available network coverage onsite essential. The tele-102 com Provider is asked to provide coverage information for the geographical areas. In areas 103 where the telecom provider guarantees GPRS services the connection performance using an 104 internal antenna is to be defined to prevent loss of communication. 105 106 DSMR-G 4.2.11 107 Description The telecom provider has to provide a reliable overview of the GPRS signal strength per

zip code region by mentioning the signal strength in dBm for the following classes:

• Outdoor

• Indoor

• Enhanced indoor

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Rationale In areas where the telecom provider guarantees GPRS services the signal strength is to be defined to prevent loss of communication. Detailed coverage data of sufficient signal strength at relevant addresses must be provided prior to installation of smart meters for example by means of: • Regular available network data • Improved network data (e.g. using more detailed building structure data) • Additional signal strength measurements performed (e.g. drive test) • Probes in the GPRS network giving detailed information (e.g. data mining of active

anonymous GPRS devices such as mobile phones, smart phones and/or Black Berry devices in idle/stand-by state during the night)

• Coverage figures from telecom providers (by delivering addresses/postal codes prior to installing meters) for GPRS, SMS and CSD

Fit criterion The telecom provider has to provide a reliable overview of the GPRS signal strength per zip code region by mentioning the signal strength in dBm for the following classes:

• Outdoor

• Indoor

• Enhanced indoor History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Telecom Provider

108 DSMR-G 4.2.12 109 Description The signal strength of the GPRS network shall be equal or better than -95 dBm at the RF

input of the communication Unit. Rationale In areas where the telecom provider guarantees GPRS services the signal strength is to

be defined to prevent loss of communication. Fit criterion The signal strength of the GPRS network shall be equal or better than -95 dBm at the RF

input of the communication Unit. History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Telecom Provider

110 DSMR-G 4.2.13 111 Description The Grid Operator must be able to receive and transmit data for 99.5% of all meters or,

with which the Grid Operator tries to communicate on a daily basis during all hours using an internal antenna. This performance must be met by the telecom provider in 98% of all days in a month.

Rationale In areas where the telecom provider guarantees GPRS services the connection perform-ance using an internal antenna is to be defined to prevent loss of communication. The use of an internal antenna is required in order to avoid the possible tampering scenario’s as-sociated with an external antenna.

Fit criterion The Grid Operator must be able to receive and transmit data for 99.5% of all meters using an internal antenna. This performance must be met by the telecom provider in 98% of all days in a month. The communication service level is calculated as: Service level = (A – D)/A (in %), in which: A = B + C + D + E + F ‘A’ number of communication attempts;

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‘B’ number of successful communication attempts; ‘C’ number of aborted attempts which can be assigned to the smart meter (for example modem defect, USIM card removed); ‘D’ number of aborted attempts which can be assigned to the communication provider (for example base station or WAN connection down); ‘E’ number of aborted attempts which can be assigned to the path between the managed router and the COM server (for example firewall error); ‘F’ number of aborted attempts which can be assigned to external physical influences (for example buildings, tunnels, mountains etc.), atmospheric influences, changes or mainte-nance to the mobile data communication network, disturbances in the connection, prob-lems with the software, or other related influences.

History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Telecom Provider

112 DSMR-G 4.2.14 113 Description The telecom provider and communication unit supplier have to guarantee a Class 10

GPRS connection Rationale In areas where the telecom provider guarantees GPRS services the minimum GPRS

Class is to be defined to prevent loss of communication. GPRS Multi slot Classes are product dependant, and determine the maximum achievable data rates in both the uplink and downlink directions. In a Class 10 device 4 Downlink slots and 2 uplink slots are available with a maximum of 5 active slots. The class should match the modem type.

Fit criterion The minimum GPRS communication class shall be equal or better than class 10 for a connection using an internal antenna.


114 DSMR-G 4.2.15 115 Description If the communication unit receives a GSM call during a GPRS connection it shall pro-

ceed with the GPRS connection.

Rationale In a normal network speech has priority over a data connection. In this case the data connection shall have priority.

Fit criterion If the communication unit receives a GSM call during a GPRS connection it shall pro-ceed with the GPRS connection.

History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit

116 DSMR-G 4.2.16 117 Description The E meter must be able to automatically recover from GPRS communication prob-

lems, using a randomising algorithm to reconnect.

Rationale Automatic recovery of the E meter after GPRS communication problems is necessary for the availability of communication with the E meter. In order to prevent that many discon-nected meters re-establish a GPRS connection simultaneously, a randomising reconnect algorithm is to be used.

Fit criterion The reconnects should be attempted a limited amount of times after a failed communica-

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��The communication unit shall comply with automatic switching between GSM and GPRS

��The GPRS Commu-nication Units for E metering and DC can be classified into the following three classes in terms of the possibility of simul-taneous calls (via GSM) and data transmission (via GPRS).¶<#>Class A - Simultaneous calls (via GSM) and data transmission (via GPRS), ¶<#>Class B - Automatic switch-ing between the GSM and the GPRS mode is possible accord-ing to telephone settings, ¶<#>Class C - Hand operated switching between the GSM and the GPRS mode.¶Class B is commonly used and is suitable for the meter reading process e.g. wake-up call.

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tion, with an increasing randomized reconnect time. The exact times should be set to-gether with the Telecom Provider. It must also be possible to turn the mechanism off. In this case it is allowed to exceed the configured communication time window.

History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit E meter

118 DSMR-G 4.2.17 119 Description The equipment shall include an internal watchdog timer.

Rationale A watchdog timer is functionality that can be used to automatically detect software anomalies and reset the processors if any occur. This functionality makes the system self-reliant, it will trigger a reboot if the system ever hangs. Each time a watchdog be-comes active it will be logged as an event in the error register.

Fit criterion The equipment shall include an internal watchdog timer.

History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit E Meter

120

121 2.4 Roaming 122 123 The telecom provider must supply the Grid Operator with an efficient, trustworthy and flexible 124 communication solution. Flexibility in this sense is largely determined by the flexibility to use 125 multiple mobile networks, now and in the future. To maximize coverage smart meters must 126 have access to more than one mobile network. If the primary network fails to deliver the nec-127 essary coverage the smart meter should be able to switch to other mobile networks that are 128 available without having to change USIM cards or visit meters in any other way. Neverthe-129 less, it must be possible to prevent the use of other mobile networks in case of bad reception 130 (e.g. switching-off roaming per USIM card). 131 132 DSMR-G 4.2.18 133 Description International roaming shall be allowed but it must be possible to enable/disable Inter-

national roaming. Rationale When the E meter is near the border (Belgian or German) it must be possible to en-

able or disable international roaming by the Communication Unit parameters or net-work coverage. In general it is advised to allow roaming in case of insufficient cover-age. This will provide maximum availability of the E meter.

Fit criterion For the communication unit international roaming is allowed. Enabling or disabling International roaming should be configurable for example if the national GPRS signal is too weak for a sufficient GPRS connection. International roaming can be prevented by network coverage measurements or con-figuration of the communication unit of the E meter.


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DSMR-G 4.2.19 135 Description For the communication unit national roaming over the GPRS networks of different na-

tional telecom providers must be possible. This requires multiple IMSI support. Rationale if the GPRS signal of one telecom provider is too weak for a sufficient GPRS connec-

tion, it must be possible to roam to the network of a different telecom provider. This will provide maximum availability of the E meter. This requires multiple IMSI support. USIM cards are identified on their individual operator networks by holding a unique Interna-tional Mobile Subscriber Identity. Mobile operators connect mobile phone calls and communicate with their market USIM cards using their IMSI.

Fit criterion National roaming between GPRS networks of different national telecom providers is allowed. This requires multiple IMSI support.


136 137

2.5 USIM Requirements 138 139 USIM cards are the local interface between the communication module and the mobile com-140 munication network and are therefore expected to be a critical component for achieving con-141 tinuous operation of smart meters. USIM cards must be guaranteed to last at least the life-142 time of the smart meters being installed. 143 144 DSMR-G 4.2.20 145 Description The communication unit supplier has to indicate which USIM technologies are sup-

ported: • USIM • Chip SIMs • Soft SIMs (if supported)

Rationale Chip SIMs are programmable chips on a PCB which is permanently installed. This will provide additional security as they are permanently installed in the communication unit and cannot easily be removed and misused.

Fit criterion The communication unit provider must indicate if the communication unit can be sup-plied with a USIM, Chip or Soft SIM and quote the price difference between the differ-ent scenarios.


146 DSMR-G 4.2.21 147 Description The telecom provider has to guarantee and indicate the minimum lifetime of the USIM

cards and/or Chip/Soft SIMs. Rationale In order to avoid as much as possible costly USIM replacements in a large number of

installed meters, the telecom provider has to guarantee a minimum lifetime of the USIM cards and/or Chip/Soft SIM cards. USIM cards need to be sufficiently protected

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(reinforced). Fit criterion The telecom provider has to indicate the guaranteed minimum life time of the:

• USIM

• Chip SIM • Soft SIM (If supported)


148 DSMR-G 4.2.22 149 Description The modem in a E meter shall support IMEI lock of the USIM card Rationale To prevent that a USIM card can be removed and used in an other device it is possible

to have an application on the USIM card that checks if the USIM card is still in the same device which is identified by its IMEI number. The modem shall support this functionality.

Fit criterion The modem shall at least apply to de 3GPP standard TS 11.14 Release 1999 (Specifi-cation of the SIM Application Toolkit (SAT) for the Subscriber Identity Module - Mobile Equipment (SIM-ME) interface)

History Sept. 2010 Origin GPRS Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit

150

151

2.6 GPRS signal strength and registration indications 152

During installation it is important to have high success rates regarding installed and con-153 nected (registered) E meters. A tool will be provided by the meter itself by means of display 154 indications of the GPRS signal strength and registration status. 155 156 DSMR-G 4.2.23 157 Description The E meter shall indicate on the display the reception of the GPRS signal in a mini-

mum of 4 separate configurable signal strength levels. Rationale During installation it is important to have high success rates regarding installed and

connected E meters. A tool will be provided by the meter itself by means of a display indication in 4 separate signal strength levels as any other measurement by e.g. PDA will be different and could lead to inaccessible meters.

Fit criterion The E meter shall present on the display that the signal-level of the GSM/GPRS net-work is sufficient for a good communication during “attached but no PDP context” in a minimum of 4 separate configurable signal strength levels: - No reception RSSI < -100 dBm - Low reception -95 < RSSI < -100 - Medium reception -95 < RSSI < -85 - High reception RSSI > -85 dBm

The signal is sufficient for GPRS if it is -90 dBm at the RF input (indoor) or better. History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit

E meter

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DSMR-G 4.2.24 159 Description The E meter shall indicate on the display that the meter has been registered at the

Central System (CS). Rationale During installation it is important to have high success rates regarding installed and

connected E meters. A tool will be provided by the meter itself by means of a display indication that the meter has been successfully registered by the CS.

Fit criterion The E meter shall provide a display indicator to indicate that the meter has been suc-cessfully registered at the Central System (CS).


160 DSMR-G 4.2.25 161 Description The E meter must be able to provide the GPRS signal strength level to the CS.

Rationale This requirement is necessary for a pro-active measurements by the grid operator to determine if problems are likely to arise regarding the GPRS connections.

Fit criterion The communication unit shall send the GPRS signal strength level of the GSM/GPRS network to the CS when the use case “Retrieve M&S equipment state” is invoked.

History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit, E Meter

162 DSMR-G 4.2.26 163 Description The E meter shall provide network information to the CS.

Rationale This requirement is necessary for pro-active measurements by the grid operator if problems arise regarding the GPRS connections.

Fit criterion The communication module shall send the network information (signal level/RSSI, Number of base stations, network ID) of the GSM/GPRS network to the CS when the use case “Retrieve M&S equipment state” is invoked (Paragraph 5.2.4 DSMR 3.0)


164 165

2.7 Firmware upgrade of communication unit 166

In order to keep the firmware of the meters up to date without the need to visit the meters, it 167 must be possible to update the firmware via the GPRS network. In practice firmware updates 168 will take place around once a year. 169 170 DSMR-G 4.2.27 171 Description It must be possible to perform an Over The Air firmware upgrade of the communication

unit.

Rationale In order to prevent Energy Grid Operators from investments by manually updating the firmware of the communication unit, it must be possible to perform an Over The Air

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firmware upgrade of the communication unit.

Fit criterion Please note that NTA 8130 states that firmware upgrades for the metering installation are required. This includes the communication unit. In the DSMR main document the firmware upgrade procedure of the E meter is described. The same procedure is appli-cable for the communication unit. The supplier of the communication unit must indicate the possibilities of Over The Air firmware upgrades of the communication unit.

History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit

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3 GPRS METER ACCESS AND CONNECTION SET-UP 173

The meter access and connection set-up process is shown in figure 1. For each step in the 174 communication process different options and the corresponding requirements will be de-175 scribed. The meter access and connection set-up can be visualized in 7 steps: 176

1. Wake-up meter 177 2. Authentication 178 3. Assign IP address 179 4. Initiate communication 180 5. Initiate data exchange 181 6. Data exchange 182 7. Close connection 183

184

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APN authentication

Assign IP address

Initiate communication

Initiate data exchange

Unique Username / Password Generic Username / Password MSISDN number

Static IP Dynamic IP

Meter push

Always on SMS CSDInternaltrigger: alarm

1bWake-up meter

CAS pull - after time out

Meter push – meter starts CAS pull – CAS requests

CAS pull - notification from telecom provider to CAS

= Required solution; must be supported.

Data exchange6

Close connection7

= Not allowed.

Initial communication (after installation)

Internal trigger

0Meter online

CAS pull - notification from meter

SIM card - only initial APN authentication

185 Figure 1: Meter access and connection set-up process 186 187

3.1 Wake up meter 188

The first step in the communication process is to have meters ‘online’ in the mobile network 189 (PDP context). Meters can be either always online or meters are not continuously online and 190 have to be ‘woken up’: 191 192 • ‘Always on’ communication: Meter continuously has PDP context in the mobile network. 193

There can be data exchange ‘at any time’. 194

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• Internal trigger (no continuous PDP context): Meter must be ‘woken up’ before data ex-195 change over IP can take place. An internal trigger is generated by the meter itself using 196 an internal (randomized) clock or by any event that for which the meter is configured to 197 wake up. After being woken up meters have PDP context. 198

• External trigger (no continuous PDP context): Meter must be ‘woken up’ before data ex-199 change over IP can take place. Triggers are coordinated by the CS. External triggers can 200 be CSD (or voice call if secure), SMS or Network Initiated PDP context. After being 201 woken up meters have PDP context. 202

The requirements related to both wake-up processes are described in this section. 203 204 Wake up using internal trigger 205 DSMR-G 4.3.1 206 Description The E meter shall initiate a session to the CS based on an internal trigger, using a con-

figurable time window independent of external triggers. Rationale The use of an internal trigger is necessary to allow the meter to initiate a communica-

tion session to the CS. Fit criterion The communication unit shall be trigged randomly by the E meter to set up the con-

nection with the CS of the grid operator within a configurable time frame independent of external triggers. The meter will close the session in case the time exceeds a con-figured time limit.


207 DSMR-G 4.3.2 208 Description It is configurable in the E meter which alarms are used as an internal trigger for initiat-

ing a session to the CS. Rationale Some alarms in the E meter might be considered so important that Grid Operators

want to be notified immediately. Therefore the E meter shall initiate a communication session with the CS at the moment this alarm appears.

Fit criterion FOR EVERY ALARM IT IS CONFIGURABLE IF IT WILL TRIGGER A COMMUNICA-TION SESSION.

History Jan 2011 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit, E meter

209 210 Wake up using external trigger 211 DSMR-G 4.3.3 212 Description It shall be possible to receive a wake up text message (SMS) from the CS to the E me-

ter. Rationale This requirement is necessary for on demand or ad-hoc access to the meter. Meters

are only connected to the GPRS network when there is a need for data communica-tion. Daily readings will be performed at night, e.g. during the a configured time frame. Outside this time frame the meter will not be connected to the GPRS network. It must

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be possible to trigger a connection of the meter to the GPRS network. This trigger is known as a wake-up message and will be sent by the CS.

Fit criterion It shall be possible for the grid operator to wake up the E meter if it does not have an active GPRS connection. This can be done by sending an SMS wake-up message.


213 DSMR-G 4.3.4 214 Description The E meter is capable to authenticate received SMS messages (if applicable) based

on called ID. Rationale The E meter should not accept every SMS message. Only messages from a trusted

party shall be processed. Fit criterion All SMS messages (if applicable) with a sender which is not in the white list are ig-

nored. If the accepted caller list is empty, all caller ID’s are accepted. History 24 Jan. 2011 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit,

Telecom Provider E meter

215 DSMR-G 4.3.5 216 Description The E meter is capable to authenticate received SMS messages (if applicable) based

on the content of the message. Rationale The E meter should not accept every SMS message. Only messages with a specific

content shall be accepted. Fit criterion All SMS messages (if applicable) with a content matching a value in the allowed con-

tent list are processed. If the Allowed Content List is empty, only messages without a content are processed.

History 24 Jan. 2011 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit Telecom Provider E meter

217 DSMR-G 4.3.6 218 Description For future applications the Communication Unit / E meter should be able to receive

Network Initiated GPRS Attach (NIGA) messages. Rationale This requirement is necessary for on demand or ad-hoc access to the meter. Meters

are only connected to the GPRS network when there is a need for data communica-tion. Daily readings will be performed at night, e.g. during the a configured time frame. Outside this time frame the meter will not be connected to the GPRS network. It must be possible to trigger a connection of the meter to the GPRS network. This trigger is known as a wake-up call and for future applications the Communication Unit / E meter should be able to receive Network Initiated GPRS Attach (NIGA) messages.

Fit criterion For future applications it shall be possible for the grid operator to wake up the E meter if it does not have an active GPRS connection via Network Initiated GPRS Attach (NIGA) messages. Randomisation over the complete installed base and the whole

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available time window (e.g. 20:00-06:00hr. every day) is sufficient. History 24 Aug 2009 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit

E meter

219 DSMR-G 4.3.7 220 Description It shall be configurable that the E meter sends an IP message to a defined fully quali-

fied domain name after the PDP context is established. Rationale When the GPRS communication is meter initiated or network pushed, the CS may not

be aware when the E meter receives a PDP context and thus that the CS can commu-nicate with the E meter. Therefore the E meter needs to inform the CS that the PDP context is activated.

Fit criterion It must be able to configure the E meter in such a way that the E meter sends an IP message after each time a PDP context is established. The IP message uses the TCP or UDP protocol. The message contains the Equipment Identifier of the E meter. The message contains the actual IP address of the E meter.

History Jan 2011 Origin GPRS Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit

221 DSMR-G 4.3.8 222 Description The content of the message that an E meter sends to the CS after establishing a PDP-

context shall be configurable. Rationale The CS needs an identifier of the E meter to identify the device so it can select the cor-

rect authentication mechanism and the correct keys when communicating with the de-vice. The Equipment Identifier can be used for this purpose, but also other unique identifiers are possible, eg. the system title.

Fit criterion It shall be possible to configure the content of the message. It is possible to have at least two values. Each value can be a value stored in another COSEM object of the device or a string.


223 DSMR-G 4.3.9 224 Description The content of the message that an E meter sends to the CS after establishing a PDP-

context can be authenticated by encrypting part of the message. Rationale The IP message that the device sends after establishing a PDP context is the first

message the CS receives. Based on the message, the CS has to determine which de-vice it is to set up an application association based HLS. The message will be sent unencrypted, but there should be a way for the CS to authenticate the message.

Fit criterion One or more values of the content of the message can be encrypted. History Jan 2011 Origin GPRS Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit

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DSMR-G 4.3.10 226 Description The telecom provider shall not change the IP address from messages send from the E

meter to any endpoint. Rationale As any normal IP message, the IP message send by the device after establishing a

PDP context contains the originator of the message. The CS will use this IP address to start a session with the device. Therefore the IP address from the originator shall reach the CS unchanged.

Fit criterion All messages send from one endpoint to another are not changed by the telecom pro-vider.

History Jan 2011 Origin GPRS Port P3 Applicable Telecom provider

227 DSMR-G 4.3.11 228 Description It shall be possible to configure endpoints in the E meter by their IP address and by a

Fully Qualified Domain Name. Rationale Endpoints have to be configured in the E meter. Sometimes the IP address of this

endpoint changes due to all kind of reasons. When a Domain Name is used in the con-figuration of the E meter, a change of IP address of the endpoint does not need to be cascaded to every E meter that uses this endpoint but the IP address can be updated in the DNS Server.

Fit criterion It must be possible to use IP addresses or fully qualified Domain Names for every endpoint configuration in the E meter. The IP address should match the standards for IP addresses. The Domain Name shall at least support 35 characters length domain names.


229 DSMR-G 4.3.12 230 Description The device shall support fully qualified domain names. Rationale Whenever a fully qualified domain name is used to define a destination, the device

shall translate this to the correct IP address when sending the IP message. Fit criterion The E meter shall use the DNS protocol to resolve Fully Qualified Domain Names to IP

addresses whenever this is necessary. History Jan 2011 Origin GPRS Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit

231 DSMR-G 4.3.13 232 Description The DNS server is configured dynamically when retrieving a PDP context Rationale The primary and secondary DNS server which the device shall use will be set in the

device each time the devices establishes a PDP context. Fit criterion The devices receive and store the IP addresses of the primary and secondary address

when establishing a PDP context based on the DHCP protocol. History Jan 2011 Origin GPRS Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit

233 234

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3.2 Authentication and security 235

The communication infrastructure that will be implemented in the smart meter landscape 236 must be secure. Unauthorized access to and usage of the communication network and 237 meters must be prevented and customer information must be protected. Exploits that bypass 238 the security measures must be prevented by all means and impact must be minimized. The 239 authentication process is equal for the regular and on demand communication process. The 240 requirements related to the authentication process are described in this section. 241 DSMR-G 4.3.14 242 Description The communication unit supplier shall deliver the USIM cards or Chip/Soft SIM de-

pending on the service available with an initial login credentials for the network. Rationale In order to initially install the meter the communication unit supplier shall deliver the

USIM cards or Chip/Soft SIM depending on the service available with an initial User-name/Password combination. (if necessary based on an algorithm supplied by the grid company) This username/password combination needs to be changed by the grid op-erator after the first PDP context into a unique username/password combination.

Fit criterion The USIM cards or Chip/Soft SIM will be delivered with an initial Username/Password combination which needs to be changed after the first PDP context into a unique user-name/password combination.

History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit Telecom Provider E meter

243 DSMR-G 4.3.15 244 Description The network access information shall not be saved on the USIM cards or Chip/Soft

SIM cards. Rationale In order to provide additional security the information necessary for network access is

not saved on the USIM cards or Chip/Soft SIM cards. Only the necessary set-up in-formation is allowed to be stored on the USIM cards or Chip/Soft SIM cards. Neces-sary set-up information is network and modem dependent.

Fit criterion Only the necessary set-up information is allowed to be stored on the USIM cards or Chip/Soft SIM cards. The necessary set-up information is network and modem de-pendent.


245 DSMR-G 4.3.16 246 Description Preferably the telecom provider must be able to assign non public MSISDN numbers. Rationale The use of non public MSISDN numbers such as for example 02 numbers instead of

06 numbers, delivers an extra layer of security because the used numbers are not eas-ily accessible to the general public.

Fit criterion The telecom provider must indicate if the use of non public MSISDN numbers is possi-ble.


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DSMR-G 4.3.17 247 Description It shall not be allowed for the telecom provider to put or change information in the

communication unit which can impede the operational processes of the grid operator. Rationale It shall not be allowed for the telecom provider to put or change information in the

communication unit such as a blacklist, whitelist, and other functions such as preferred or non preferred telecom providers, as this might impede upon the operation proc-esses of the grid operator.

Fit criterion It shall not be allowed for the telecom provider to put or change information in the communication unit which can impede the operational processes of the grid operator


248 DSMR-G 4.3.18 249 Description It shall be possible for the grid operator to change user definable parameters in the

communication unit such as the white list, black list, preferred operator list etc. Rationale This requirement is necessary for on demand meter access for the purposes as men-

tioned beneath. Fit criterion It shall be possible for the grid operator to change user definable parameters such as

the telephone numbers in the:

• White list of the communication unit, listing the allowed telephone numbers from which a CSD wake-up call is accepted.

• Black list of the communication unit, listing the not allowed telecom operators

• Preferred operator list of the communication unit, listing the preferred telecom op-erators

• National and international Roaming allowed/not allowed parameters History 18 Nov 2008 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Comm. Unit

Telecom Provider

250 DSMR-G 4.3.19 251 Description The meter must have enough capacity to handle a sufficiently large number of phone

numbers in the so called “PSTN Auto Dial Phone List”. See Blue Book 9th edition, page 172.

Rationale During the life time of the meter it can happen that several modem pools are used for calling the meters. These modem pools can use different phone numbers. In case of a hardware switch from one modem supplier to another modem supplier (IT infra struc-ture of a grid company) it must be possible to enter enough telephone numbers in the white list.

Fit criterion It must be possible to enter 32 phone numbers in the white list of each meter. History 17 Jun 2010 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable E meter

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DSMR-G 4.3.20 253 Description Telecom Providers must provide a complete overview of all services, network ports,

external systems that are accessible for a smart meter and or USIM card and block access to services or external systems not strictly required for the operation of the smart metering system.

Rationale Telecom providers should employ necessary security provisions to restrict access to the communication network to authorized meters and USIM cards only. Furthermore, authorized meters and/or USIM cards must not have access to services or external systems not strictly required for the operation of the smart metering system.

Fit criterion Telecom Providers are requested to stipulate: • Which services, network ports, external systems are accessible for a smart meter

fitted with a grid operator owned USIM card • What measures are taken to exclude non grid operator owned smart meters and/or

USIM cards from those network resources • What measures are taken to verify that the grid operator owned USIM card has not

been removed from the original meter and is now being used with a different mo-dem

• What general network security measures are implemented, such as firewalls, in-trusion detection system


254 DSMR-G 4.3.21 255 Description The Telecom Providers must offer a dedicated APN per Grid Operator to which those

grid operators smart metering USIM cards have exclusive access. Rationale The Telecom Providers must offer a dedicated APN per Grid Operator to which those

grid operators smart metering USIM cards have exclusive access. Such a private APN offers an additional security layer to prevent unauthorised access.

Fit criterion The Telecom Providers must offer a dedicated APN per Grid Operator to which those grid operators smart metering USIM cards have exclusive access. If Telecom Provid-ers have a more cost effective solution please elaborate.


256 DSMR-G 4.3.22 257 Description The telecom provider/communication unit shall provide for a number of GPRS com-

munication settings to be remotely changeable. Rationale Telecom provider/communication unit shall provide for the possibility to remotely

change a number of communication settings such as: � Whitelist for wake-up calls (SMS) � APN name (The APN name is the access address to the GPRS service network. � User name (PAP) � Password (PAP) � Number of retries to establish an (initial) PDP context

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� Time between retries � Inactivity time-out � GPRS connection mode (always-on or wake-up)

Fit criterion The telecom provider/communication unit shall provide for a number of communication settings to be remotely changeable such as the Whitelist for wake-up calls, APN name, User name, Password, Number of retries to establish an (initial) PDP context, Inactivity time-out, and GPRS connection.


258

DSMR-G 4.3.23 259 Description The telecom provider shall support a virtual private network for data (non voice) only. Rationale In order to strictly separate the GPRS network for E meters from commonly used

GPRS networks, a virtual private network is necessary. This will prevent unauthorized access to the Grid Operators network.

Fit criterion The telecom provider shall be able to provide a VPN trunk to the CS of the grid opera-tor. The VPN shall be able to handle a corresponding amount of GPRS connections in the configured time-frame.


260 3.2.1 Provisioning the Authentication and Authorization server 261 The communication device has to authenticate itself before PDP context is provided to the 262 device. The authentication server needs to have some information to authenticate the identity 263 and authenticate the device. In most processes the authentication server is provisioned with 264 this data through a separate process. However, it is also possible that the authentication is 265 done based on the USIM card. This authentication can be used to provision the authentica-266 tion and authorization server with the username and password provided by the E meter. 267 268 DSMR-G 4.3.24 269 Description The Telecom Provider is allowed to authenticate a device based on information on the

USIM card.

Rationale The Authentication and Authorisation server needs to be provisioned with a correct set of usernames and passwords. This data can be send to the AA server through a dif-ferent channel or the AA server accepts the username and password provided for a specific USIM card.

Fit criterion The Authentication and Authorisation server needs to be provisioned with a correct set of usernames and passwords.

History 24 Jan. 2011 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Telecom Provider

270 DSMR-G 4.3.25 271 Description The Telecom provider provides an appropriate interface for maintaining configuration

settings of the Authorization and Authentication server. Rationale Any setting important for the process must be controlled by the Central System. There-

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fore it is necessary that the telecom providers provides an interface to the grid operator to update the relevant settings and specifically the settings that the authentication and authorization server accepts any username and password the next time a PDP context is requested for that USIM card.

Fit criterion The telecom provider provides an interface accessible for the grid operator to update relevant settings of the Authentication and Authorization server amongst which at least:

- The setting that the AA server accepts the next request for PDP context for a USIM card. This setting supports the following:

o Username and password will be stored o Username will be checked against the username in the database of

the Authentication and Authorization server and the password will be stored (and the username is the same as in the database)

o Credentials provided will be checked against credentials in the Au-thentication and Authorization database.

History 24 Jan. 2011 Origin TST Port P3 Applicable Telecom Provider

272 273

3.3 Assign IP address 274

If dynamic IP addresses are used, the meter is assigned an available IP address. If static IP 275 addresses are used the meter is (re)issued its static IP address. After the connection request 276 has been accepted the result is reported to the meter. The meter now has an authorized IP 277 address. The requirements related to the assignment of IP addresses are described in this 278 section. 279 280 DSMR-G 4.3.26 281 Description The telecom provider and communication unit shall support different IP addressing

options. Rationale There are different techniques regarding dynamic- or static IP addresses used by sup-

pliers of E equipment, which should be supported by the telecom providers.

• Dynamic IP-addresses with or without for example a Radius server connected to the GGSN in the GPRS network of the telecom provider.

• Fixed IP addresses with for example a Radius server connected to the GGSN in the GPRS network of the telecom provider.

Fit criterion The telecom provider and communication unit provider shall indicate the different IP addressing options and who assigns them, the grid operator or the telecom provider.


282 283

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3.4 Initiate communication 284

The next step is to initiate the communication. Communication can be initiated with a push or 285 pull mechanism: 286 • Push (meter initiated communication): After having PDP context (online) a meter actively 287

contacts initiates data exchange. 288 • Pull (CS initiated communication): After having PDP context (online) the CS actively con-289

tacts a meter. 290 The requirements related to the initiation of the communication process are described in the 291 Dutch Smart Meter Requirements. 292 293 294

3.5 Initiate data exchange 295

296 The procedures to initiate the data exchange are described in the Dutch Smart Meter Re-297 quirements. 298 299

3.6 Data exchange 300

The procedures for the actual data Exchange are described in the Dutch Smart Meter Re-301 quirements. 302 303

3.7 Close connection 304

At the end of the data exchange the GPRS connection can be closed again until the next 305 regular or on demand data exchange, according to the standard. 306 307

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ANNEX A: REQUIREMENTS DSMR 3.0 – DSMR 4.0 MAPPING TABLE 308 309 DSMR 3.0 Requirement DSMR 4.0 Requirement

DSMR-G 1 DSMR-G 4.2.1 DSMR-G 2 DSMR-G 4.2.2 DSMR-G 3 DSMR-G 4.2.3 DSMR-G 4 DSMR-G 4.2.4 DSMR-G 5 DSMR-G 4.2.5 DSMR-G 6 DSMR-G 4.2.6 DSMR-G 7 DSMR-G 4.2.7 DSMR-G 8 DSMR-G 4.2.8

DSMR-G 8a DSMR-G 4.2.9 DSMR-G 9 DSMR-G 4.2.10

DSMR-G 10 DSMR-G 4.2.11 DSMR-G10a DSMR-G 4.2.12 DSMR-G11 DSMR-G 4.2.13 DSMR-G 12 DSMR-G 4.2.14 DSMR-G 13 DSMR-G 4.2.15 DSMR-G 14 DSMR-G 4.2.16 DSMR-G 15 DSMR-G 4.2.17 DSMR-G 16 DSMR-G 4.2.18 DSMR-G 17 DSMR-G 4.2.19 DSMR-G 18 DSMR-G 4.2.20 DSMR-G 19 DSMR-G 4.2.21

- DSMR-G 4.2.22 DSMR-G 20 DSMR-G 4.2.23 DSMR-G 21 DSMR-G 4.2.24 DSMR-G 22 DSMR-G 4.2.25 DSMR-G 22a DSMR-G 4.2.26 DSMR-G 23 DSMR-G 4.2.27 DSMR-G 24 DSMR-G 4.3.1

- DSMR-G 4.3.2 DSMR-G 25 DSMR-G 4.3.3

- DSMR-G 4.3.4 - DSMR-G 4.3.5

DSMR-G 25a DSMR-G 4.3.6 - DSMR-G 4.3.7 - DSMR-G 4.3.8 - DSMR-G 4.3.9 - DSMR-G 4.3.10 - DSMR-G 4.3.11 - DSMR-G 4.3.12 - DSMR-G 4.3.13

DSMR-G 26 DSMR-G 4.3.14 DSMR-G 27 DSMR-G 4.3.15 DSMR-G28 DSMR-G 4.3.16 DSMR-G 29 DSMR-G 4.3.17 DSMR-G 30 DSMR-G 4.3.18

- DSMR-G 4.3.19 DSMR-G 31 DSMR-G 4.3.20 DSMR-G 32 DSMR-G 4.3.21 DSMR-G 33 DSMR-G 4.3.22 DSMR-G 34 DSMR-G 4.3.23

- DSMR-G 4.3.24 - DSMR-G 4.3.25

DSMR-G 35 DSMR-G 4.3.26 310

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dutch smart meter requirements v4.0 final gprs tc 02-02 …

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