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DUFFUS BROS. of Cape Town & Johannesburg

The photographic artistry of Duffus Bros. of Cape Town & Johannesburg is represented in a number of important national and private photographic collections throughout the world. The value of the images they took of prominent citizens of their day in a sense validates the often associated historical texts for they appear to have been able to capture the very essence of the personalities whose portraits they rendered. Yet, surprisingly there is little written about these two men. My interest was aroused when researching an article i and serendipitously coming across a number of their portraits of eminent personages who played focal roles in the Anglo-Boer War. "Who were these folk who were able to have entrée to such well-placed people" I wondered. What follows is only part of their story. DUFFUS BROS: their story John Duffus was born in Aberdeen, Scotland in 1864 ii. His brother, William Duffus was the elder being born in 1858. Originally apprenticed to the engineering trade in the local shipyards iii, John was later to join his brother who, having shown an artistic talent, embraced the embryonic profession of photography. John ("Jack") and William ("Willie") Duffus (Duffus Bros.) appear to have arrived in southern Africa in 1889. A successful claim for compensation following the demolition of a commercial property they were leasing resulted in an award sufficiently large for them to purchase their own premises - formerly Cuthbert's Corner in Joubert Street, Johannesburg - plus a substantial house in Parktown. Later, they had studios at Burlington House (later known as Duffus Buildings), 1672 Pritchard Street, Johannesburg circa 1891 to 1921; in Adderley Street, Cape Town and are reported to have traded in Potchefstroom circa 1893.

Pritchard Street, Johannesburg showing Mount's Bay House the drapery and clothing establishment of Messrs. Chudleigh Bros., Messrs, Duffus Bros., Messrs, Paddon and Brock, Store Bros., Muirhead and Gowie and Messrs. Thorne, Stuttaford and Company iv.

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According to a claim for compensation lodged against the British Government v after the Anglo-Boer War [1899-1902] [ABW], the brothers, described as artists and photographers, left their business in the Transvaal on 15th October 1899 for Cape Town and returned after hostilities ceased on 6th April 1901. During and after the ABW, they photographed many of the eminent personages of the day - Boer and Britisher alike vi. On 20 July 1899, in Cape Town, before notary public James Bruce Cleghorne, William Duffus raised a bond of £.200 on behalf of Duffus Bros. from the estate of George St. Vincent Cripps vii viii . The reason for taking the bond is unknown but one presumes it was to re-establish the business or buy residential property following their move from the Transvaal ix. As collateral he offered the entire contents of his photographic business. Fred(erick James) Centlivres x together with William Arthur Daniel Cherrington signed as witnesses to the deal. The inventory of equipment was as reflected in Table I: Table I: Inventory of Equipment, Cape Town Studio, 1899 18 X 16 Camera complete cost £.150 12 X 10 Camera complete cost £.65 Studio complete lense (sic) £.45 Camera £.15 Enlarging Camera £.23.10.0 Back-ground revolving stand holding eight grounds. Enamelling (sic) plant. Mounts etc. £.120 Furniture in Studio £.30 Furniture in Reception Room £.200 Furniture office £.35 Ladies dressing room £.15 Indicative of the professional esteem in which they were held is the fact that at some point Jack Duffus was appointed an agent for the London Sphere ; and that Duffus Bros. held a Royal Warrant and was appointed official photographer to the His Excellency The Right Honourable Sir Walter Francis Hely-Hutchinson, Governor of the Cape Colony and British High Commissioner to South Africa.

Duffus Bros. letterhead bearing the Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom, 1905

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Duffus Bros. letterhead, 1909

For his part, at some point, John Duffus received a Captaincy in the Scottish Horse, the patron in support of his application being none other than Alfred Lord Milner. Though I have no direct proof, circumstantial evidence suggests that this was with the reconstituted voluntary regiment rather than with the famous band of fighting soldiers raised by Lord Tullibardine in 1900. On the 23 October 1903, the Officer Commanding Scottish Horse xi endorsed an application to the Colonial Secretary for Capt. J Duffus to receive a .303 bore Lee-Enfield Target Rifle which he had imported at a cost of £.5 from Messrs. Jeffreys & Co., London xii.

Signature of Officer Commanding Scottish Horse It appears that at about this time John Duffus began farming in the district of Tzaneen xiii. In the first quarter of 1908, Johann Rissik and Woodthorpe Tempest Graham, as Trustees for Debenture Holders in SA Investment & Trust Co., xiv were bringing an application for liquidation against William Duffus. The circumstances related to his failure to service a bond raised on four stands together with buildings in Lorentzville and appraised as having a value of £.8.8.0. The properties were sold by auction, the which was held in front of the Chief Magistrate's office, Johannesburg on Saturday 25th July 1908. The final liquidation order was confirmed on 8 September 1908 xv. Concurrent with this, in March 1908, Davis and Poulter brought an action against Duffus Bros. in the Witwatersrand High Court xvi. The facts of the case appear to be these: Edwin Jacob Fisher Miller (EJFM) had a lease on premises in Pritchard Street from 1st February 1907 with a right of renewal; and with an approved sublease with Bertram Phillip Davis xvii and Frank Beaumont Poulter xviii for one year from 15th February 1907 without a right of renewal. EJFM fell into arrears with his rent in January 1908. With the condition that the arrears plus costs be paid, John Duffus agreed to the lease being transferred to EJFM's brother, ED Miller, and Davis and Poulter xix. However, the arrears was not forthcoming so the aforesaid agreement was cancelled. On 22nd February 1908 John Duffus (for Duffus Bros.) made application to restrain EJFM from removing "stock-in-trade, goods and effects" from premises in Pritchard Street and, at the same time, to "deliver up and vacate" the said premises. On the 25th inst. a restraining order was granted by Sir William Smith against EJFM and, on issue of a writ, EJFM was duly ejected with costs.

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However, this left the subtenants, Davis and Poulter, and their possessions in situ. From 1st March 1908, Duffus Bros. planned to lease the property anew to one Hubert C Gain (HCG). When approached by Davis and Poulter, HCG allegedly said he "would give them such portion of the premises as completed alterations would permit at a rent varying with the space occupied". There was correspondence to support this contention. However, within a couple of days, Duffus Bros. had insisted that Davis and Poulter leave the premises as well. Their solicitor drew attention to the fact that the order of the court was against EJFM; further, that they already had a committed verbal agreement with HCG; and, to underscore their rights, duly forwarded to him a cheque for £.75 in lieu of rental for March1908. This was subsequently declined and returned. Heated correspondence passed between Duffus Bros. and Davis and Poulter over a number of days. Finally, the Sheriff of the High Court was persuaded that Davis and Poulter were in contempt of court and, acting on a writ - the wording of which was subsequently identified as being inaccurate and not reflecting the intention of the original order of the court - ejected Davis and Poulter whilst retaining their possessions. On the 9th March 1908, restored Davis and Poulter to possession with costs; and Duffus Bros. were given right to appeal but "without the right to suspend the present order". What further transpired is unknown.

In January 1909, William Duffus January sought (and received) permission to place a display cabinet outside of Bruce & Co., Outfitters, Adderley Street xx. In February 1909, William Duffus of Guardian Buildings, Adderley Street, Cape Town extended the bond of 1899, seemingly in his personal capacity by a further £.100 xxi. This, and the use of the singular on the letterhead (above) suggests that at this time William Duffus had moved to conducting a singleton business in Cape Town.

Signature of William Duffus, 1909 In March 1912, William Duffus was faced with a £.1000 defamation suit by Robert Victor Kuranda xxii, a solicitor. On 29 August 1911, implying misconduct of some sort, Duffus allegedly said to one Thomas Edwin Clark, Kuranda's clerk: "I am issuing summons against Kuranda. I have taken Counsel's advice. It has cost me 50 guineas. I will have that little buggar struck from the roll. He is a bloody fine lawyer, and it is a million to one I shall succeed." What prompted this indiscrete outburst is unclear. On 3 April 1912, the Hon. Jakob de Villiers, Judge President found for Kuranda awarding him £.25 plus a further £.10.11.2 and £.1.6.0 costs xxiii.

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Between 1908 and 1910 Kuranda was Duffus' attorney. Apparently the rift was healed for, by 1921, Robert Kuranda was acting for William Duffus again. In May 1912, that liquidation of joint estates of John and William Duffus trading as Duffus Bros., was initiated by Frank Augustus Stokes. Business had fallen off dramatically, a consequence of economic recession and the partnership was not able to service its creditors, the debt outstanding being of the order of £.67. In the midst this process, John Duffus moved to Golden Valley, Vryheid in Natal xxiv. The estate was finally surrendered August 1912. At some point after 1912, Duffus Bros., in terms of the Companys Act 1909 was restructured as a limited liability company (No.C.A. 1080). The partnership of John and William Duffus was no more; rather a certain Percy Missen Clark had joined forces with William Duffus. Thus began the last chapter in the history of Duffus Bros. and which led to its final closure xxv. The details are neatly encapsulated in a petition place before the full bench of the Transvaal Supreme Court, which is quoted in full:

THE SUPREME COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA Witwatersrand Local Division

Between:-

PERCY MISSEN CLARK Applicant and

DUFFUS BROS LIMITED Defendants To:- The Honourable Sir JOHANNES WILHELMUS WESSELS, Knight, Judge President of the Supreme Court of South Africa, Transvaal Provincial Division, and other the Honourable Judges presiding in the Court THE PETITIONS OF PERCY MISSEN CLARK HUMBLY SHEWETH - 1. That your Petitioner resides at JOHANNESBURG and is Managing Director of the Respondent Company. 2. That the Respondent Company is a private Company registered with limited liability under the laws of the Transvaal, and carried on business as photographers and has its registers a office at Nels Rust Buildings, President Street, Johannesburg. 3. That the nominal capital of the Respondent company is £500 divided into 500 shares of £1 each of which there have been issued 301 shares, that the registered holders of said 301 shares are; (a) Your Petitioner 150 shares (b) William Duffus 151 shares

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4. That the Directors of said. Company are your Petitioners and. the said WILLIAM DUFFUS. 5. That the Respondent Company is indebted to your Petitioner in the sum of £ 105 being balance of salary for period ending 21st March 1921 in respect of services rendered by him in terms of agreement between said company and him dated 21st November 1919. 6. That there are sundry otter creditors of the Company amounting to approximately £150. 7. That (apart from the furniture furnishings and stock used in connection with the business end which cannot without closing the business be utilised to pay outstandings total assets consist of (a) Sum in Bank £ 3.0.0 (b) Book debts at face value but some of which may £ 130.0.0 be irrecoverable

£ 133.0.0 8. That the Respondent Company is therefore unable to pay its debts. 9. That on the 26th day of March 1921 an adjourned Extraordinary General Meeting of shareholders of the Respondent Company was held for the purpose of considering a Resolution to wind up the Company voluntarily. That your Petitioner and the said WILLIAM DUFFUS who are the only shareholders were present but they could not agree upon the terms of the Resolution, of which notice had been given, and no Resolution to wind up was therefore passed. A copy of the Minutes of said Meeting is hereto attached marked "A" xxvi 10. That by letter dated 29th March 1921 addressed to the Respondent Company Mr. ROBERT KURANDA. Solicitor, Johannesburg, acting therein on behalf of the said WILLIAM DUFFUS gave notice that that application would be made to this Honourable Court on Thursday 7th April 1920 for the compulsory sequestration of the Company xxvii. That notwithstanding said notice said application was not made and it is now for the reasons stated in that letter impossible to continue the business of the Company. A copy of said letter is attached hereto marked "B". 11. That by reason of the allegations referred to in paragraphs 9 and 10 hereof it is just and equitable that the Company be wound up 12. That the said WILLIAM DUFFUS although engaged as Artist and Operator of the Respondent company and bound to devote the whole of his time attention and ability to the business of the Company is now seeking to divert the business of the company to other channels or competitors. Your petitioner has further been informed and verily believes that the said WILLIAM DUFFUS on more than one occasion has taken photographs of clients in the company's time and with the Company's materials, that he has been duly paid for same, and has not accounted to the Company in any way for such monies. In particular it is alleged that on 17th February 1921 he personally took photos of one ARTHUR EDWIN PEGRUM and received £2. in payment thereof. Said £2. was retained by the said WILLIAM DUFFUS and was not accounted for to the Company nor was any record entered in the Company's books of the transaction. Reference is made to the Affidavit of the said ARTHUR EDWIN PEGRUM attached hereto marked "C" xxviii 13. That in view of the allegations contained in the preceding paragraph and of the possibility of further business end goods being lost prior to the final liquidation of the company and the appointment of an official Liquidator it is in the interest of the creditors and of the company that a provisional Liquidator be appointed by the Court for the purpose of taking possession of all the assets of the Company, executing contracts and of preserving the assets of the Company, generally. 14. That your petitioner suggests that FREDERICK BENJAMIN GIBBINS, Incorporated Accountant, 73, Standard Bank Chambers, Johannesburg, Resident partner of PRICE WATERHOUSE PEAT & CO, Johannesburg is a fit and proper person to be appointed Provisional Liquidator of said Respondent Company 15. That attached hereto marked "D" is a list of creditors who consent to this application and the appointment of a Provisional Liquidator.

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WHEREFORE your Petitioner humbly prays that it may please this Honourable Court to grant an Order; (a) That DUFFUS BROS LIMITED be wound up by the Court under the provisions of the Companies Act 1909 (b) That FREDERICK BENJAMIN GIBBINS be appointed Provisional Liquidator of the said Company with the powers contained in subsections (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) and (g) of Section 127 of the companies Act 1909. (c) That the coats of this Application be paid out of the assets of the said Company. J0HANNESBURG this 9th day of April 1921. I, PERCY MISSEN CLARK, the petitioner in the foregoing Application make oath and say that the facts and allegations therein contained are true and correct to the best of my knowledge, information and belief.

Sworn at JOHANESBURG this 9th day of April 1921before me

COMMISSIONER OF OATHES

The GOVERNMENT GAZETTE dated 15TH APRIL. 1921 carried the following insert: IN THE SUPREME COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA (Witwatersrand Local Division). (Before the Honourable Mr. Justice Ward.) Johannesburg, Monday, the 11th April, 1921. In the matter of the ex parte application of PERCY MISSEN CLARK. Upon the motion of Mr. R. Honey for the Applicant, and upon read the petition filed, It is Ordered, (1) That the Company, known as DUFFUS BROTHERS, LTD., be, and it is hereby, placed under Provisional Liquidation; (2) that Frederick Benjamin Gibbons be, and he is hereby, appointed Provisional Liquidator, subject to security to the Master's satisfaction, with powers in terms of Section 127 (1) (b) of Act No. 31 of 1909; (3) that a rule nisi be, and it is hereby, issued, calling upon all persons concerned to show cause, if any, to this Court, on Thursday, the 21st day of April, 1921; why the said Company shall not be placed under a Final Winding-up Order; (4) that this order be published, once in the Gazette, once in a local newspaper, and served on the said Company. By Order of the Court. J. C. HINSBEECK, Assistant Registrar. Routledge & Douglas Wilson.

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Final liquidation order was given by Mr. Justice Stratford on 22 June 1922. This appears to bring to a rather ignominious end the activities of Duffus Bros. It is at this stage that all archival records cease. John Duffus continued in his chosen profession together with farming. The later history of William Duffus xxix is unknown and his estate records have yet to be found. The contribution of Duffus Bros. to recording history through portraiture was immense and should not be ignored. THE Duffus Bros. LEGACY The works of Duffus Bros. lives on, represented in photographic collections throughout the world. The following is a contribution towards developing a catalogue of extant works by Duffus Bros., photographic artists. [The collection in which each can be found is named in parenthesis xxx ].

Arthur Edwin Pegrum, 1921

Alheit, Reverend WA Alheit, Ceres. ND. [Hopkins Collection HOP121, Cape Archives Repository] Amm, Edwin J, eldest son of Philip Amm. 1901. [Albany Museum (1820) ] Bowker, Bertram and Frank, Frances Ann. ND. [Albany Museum (1820) ] Chamberlain, Joseph Chamberlain. Duffus Bros, Cape Town. 1903 [An Account of the Right Hon. Joseph

Chamberlain's Visit to South Africa: A record of unique practical statesmanship. Author unknown. Publ. Finden Brown & Co., St. Martin's Press, London. c. 1905.]

Cohn, William Solomon Cohn - candidate, Witwatersrand Central School Board. c. 1910 [Cape Town Campus of SA National Library & National Library Visual Collection]

Conradie, Reverend Willem Johannes Conradie, 1857 - 1925, author of first Afrikaans Bible for children. ND. [Hopkins Collection HOP113, Cape Archives Repository]

De Waal, Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr de Waal. ND. [NALN 91/438] Duckitt, Hilda Gonda Duckitt. 1902. [Hopkins Collection HOP110, Cape Archives Repository] Findlay, 4 daughters of John & Katie Findlay in middle age. c. 1900 [Cape Town Campus of SA National

Library & National Library Visual Collection] Gie, Reverend Gie. ND. [Jeffreys Collection J12431 Cape Archives Repository] Gildenhuys, PA Gildenhuys and second wife. ND. [Hopkins Collection HOP 5, Cape Archives Repository]

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Girl in frilled bonnet: present Irma Stern, standing beside similarly dressed smaller child, present brother Rudi, seated in cart in studio. c. 1902 [Cape Town Campus of SA National Library & National Library Visual Collection]

Gordon, William Alexander Gordon in uniform of Highland Regt. c. 1905 [Cape Town Campus of SA National Library & National Library Visual Collection]

Grimmer, John (Johnnie or Jack) Grimmer (1867-1902), Secretary to Cecil John Rhodes. 1890 [Cory Library for Historical Research, PIC/M19]

Group: Education Commission to North, HS van Zyl (later Judge President), Rev. D du P Steyn and Rev. AD Luckhoff. ND. [Hopkins Collection HOP1259, Cape Archives Repository]

Group: Captain TSL O'Reilly DSO, Lt Leslie Maygar VC, George Bell DSO. c. 1901 [private collection, George Bell]

Group: Professors PJG de Vos, JI Marais, CFJ Muller and NJ Hofmeyer of the Theological Seminary, Stellenbosch. ND. [Hopkins Collection HOP1383, Cape Archives Repository]

Gubbins, C O'Grady Gubbins, MLA and member of the Ministry. ND. [Natal Archives Repository]. Haggar, Charles Henry Haggar - candidate, Witwatersrand Central School Board. c. 1910 [Cape Town

Campus of SA National Library & National Library Visual Collection] Henderson , Fanny Henderson. Wife of Alfred Fairlie Henderson, born Smith, formerly Thompson and her

three sons. Standing: Thomas Herbert (Sonny), middle: Harold Pearson (Jumbo) and sitting Julius William (Willie). Sons of Thomas Stringfield Smith, and Fanny Smith. 1884 (sic). [Pietermaritzburg Archives Repository. C8921]

Kitchener, Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum. c. 1901 [National Portrait Gallery, St Martin's Place, London]

Kruger, Paul, as President of the South African Republic. ND [unknown] le Sueur, Gordon le Sueur, Secretary to Cecil John Rhodes. 1890. [Cory Library for Historical Research,

PIC/M21] Legislative Council, Frontier Members of the Legislative Council, Cape Parliament: Godlonton,

Robert; Cawood, Samuel; Tucker, H; Wood, George; Pote, C and Cock, William. 1865 (sic). [Albany Museum (1820) ]

Levy, Nabob Levy - candidate, Witwatersrand Central School Board. c. 1910 [Cape Town Campus of SA National Library & National Library Visual Collection]

Macaulay , Donald Macaulay - candidate, Witwatersrand Central School Board. c. 1910 [Cape Town Campus of SA National Library & National Library Visual Collection]

Milner, Alfred Lord Milner. 24 December 1900. [Hopkins Collection HOP1387, Cape Archives Repository]

Milner, Alfred Lord Milner. ND. [postcard publ. Darter Bros., Cape Town c. 1905] Murray, Charles Murray. ND. [Hopkins Collection HOP114, Cape Archives Repository] Napier, Margaret Elizabeth Horatia Napier - candidate, Witwatersrand Central School Board. c. 1910 [Cape

Town Campus of SA National Library & National Library Visual Collection] Nelson, George William Nelson - candidate, Witwatersrand Central School Board. c. 1910 [Cape Town

Campus of SA National Library & National Library Visual Collection] Pegrum, Arthur Edwin Pegrum. April 1921 [State Archives Repository, Pretoria] ] Raitt, Colonel H A Raitt. c. 1904 [Cape Town Campus of SA National Library & National Library Visual

Collection] Ratcliffe, James Ratcliffe. ND [private collection, Andy Ratcliffe c. 1898] Rissik, Johann. ND. [Rissik House, Pretoria Boys High School] Rockey, Willie Rockey - candidate, Witwatersrand Central School Board. c. 1910 [Cape Town Campus of

SA National Library & National Library Visual Collection] Rugby Players, Team of Natal rugby players. Rowe English is in the third row, third from the left. ND.

[Pietermaritzburg Archives Repository. C8533] Schreiner, Theophilus Lyndall Schreiner in dark suit, wearing glasses. c. 1910 [Cape Town Campus of SA

National Library & National Library Visual Collection] Schreiner, Theophilus Lyndall Schreiner with white beard. c. 1916 [Cape Town Campus of SA National

Library & National Library Visual Collection] Schreiner, William Philip Schreiner in later life with greying beard, seated in carved arm chair, r hand on

arm, legs crossed, body turned to l, face to camera. c. 1910 [Cape Town Campus of SA National Library & National Library Visual Collection]

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Steyn, Reverend D du P Steyn. ND. [Hopkins Collection HOP115, Cape Archives Repository] Steyn, Ex-President M T Steyn. ND. [In the Shadow of Death. P. H. Kritzinger & R. D. McDonald. 2005] Studio Portrait of 11 Men. c. 1895. [Cape Town Campus of SA National Library & National Library Visual

Collection] Theron, The Late Commandant Danie Theron. ND. [In the Shadow of Death. P. H. Kritzinger & R. D.

McDonald. 2005] Unidentified house with gables, Cape Town. [Jeffreys Collection J11796 Cape Archives Repository] Unknown, "An illegitimate son of Charles X of France, a piano tuner... Died of heart failure at the Frontier

Hotel, Dordrecht, in 1903" - balding man with ends of moustache waxed, flowing tie. c. 1900 [Cape Town Campus of SA National Library & National Library Visual Collection]

Unknown, studio portrait of smiling, balding man with moustache. c. 1910 [Cape Town Campus of SA National Library & National Library Visual Collection]

Uys, Pieter Swart Uys and wife. ND. [Hopkins Collection HOP1264, Cape Archives Repository] van Wijk, Reverend AJ van Wijk senior, Heidelberg, Cape, 1900 - 1906. ND. [Hopkins Collection

HOP112, Cape Archives Repository] Various, details unknown [Cambridge University Library] Various, details unknown [New York Public Library’s Photography Collection] Wessels, BJ Wessels. [Hopkins Collection HOP111, Cape Archives Repository]

POSTSCRIPTS Postscript 1: Biographical comments made by Alan Ross Duffus (fourth child of John Duffus) offer some interesting insights [Edited RMP 2007].

"John Duffus was born b lind and gained his sight as a child xxxi . His sight was remarkable in later life as in winner many rifle shooting trophies (including the S A Bisley) proves. He was the youngest member of the Huddersfield Cycling Club and, on leaving Scotland, was presented with their Bugle. He was apprenticed to his uncle's ship building yard on the Clyde xxxii. He skipped this and he and his brother William, who was an art student in Aberdeen, sailed to South Africa in 1889. There they established the well known photographic and art studios Cape Town, Johannesburg and Potchefstroom. They flourished and owed property in central Johannesburg.

"(He) married in 1901 (and) lived at Hazeldene in Bellevue, corner of Rockey Street and Cavendish Road. Then Dad was wealthy and moved in the upper circles (of society). During the Boer War, Dad was a captain in the Scottish Horse. He was Chief of the Caledonian Society and Mother was Belle of the Ball at one of their functions.

"Dad was friends with George Goch xxxiii and (following the financial collapse of Duffus Bros) he offered Dad the management of the developing gold mine at Golden Valley on the Shobi River near Vryheid, Natal. This was (circa) 1911 to 1913. Although the reef was rich, it was broken by numerous dykes (and) the profits made were lost in finding the lost reef.

"Returning to Johannesburg, we lived Waverley and Dad continued his photography. At the outbreak of the First World War, we moved to Cape Town, where Dad ran a studio in Adderley Street xxxiv. On returning to Johannesburg, Dad continued photography with L Levson xxxv and then ran his own studio at the corner of Pritchard and Eloff Streets (Johannesburg). We then lived in Bertrams and (later) First Avenue, 'Bez'(Bezuidenhout) Valley.

"In 1927, (I) returned to Johannesburg to help Dad, Mother and sister May in the studio. (After a stint in Rhodesia), the great economic depression took me back to Johannesburg (where) I ran a studio in Eloff Street and assisted Dad who was semi-retired." Sadly, there the story ends (editor).

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Postscript 2: Alan Roger Duffus writes (2007) "My father (Alan Ross Duffus) helped in the (Johannesburg) studio for a while, and also represented Kodak in Bulawayo for two years. For many years he was the only photographer in Tzaneen and did many weddings and other family photographs. Most of these negatives I still have. He was also trained as an aerial photographer at the beginning of World War 2, but was kept back in Tzaneen to serve the war effort from there. Photography remained his hobby all his life, having his own "dark room" to do all his own developing and printing. REFERENCES: 1. Bensusan, A. D. Silver images: history of photography in Africa. Publ. Cape Town: H. Timmins

1966. 2. CommonwealthWar Graves Commission www.cwgc.org 3. Davey, A.M. (Dr). Scotland the Brave (1899-1902). Military History Journal 1984:6 (3) 4. Duffus website http://208.109.173.85 5. Duffus, Alan Ross. Family Tree. Transcribed by Hazel Sydie (née Duffus)1994 6. Duffus, A.R., Silverkruin, Polokwane [grandson] Personal communication 7. Juta's Directory Of Cape Town : Southern suburbs & Simonstown of 1921 & 1925 8. Leggat, Robert, A History of Photography. 1999. www.rleggat.com. 9. Marais JS. The Fall of Kruger's Republic. Clarendon Press, 1961. 10. Pelteret, RM. A Blink in History: the visit of Joseph Chamberlain to Bloemfontein, February 1903

www.pelteret.co.za 11. Pooch, Geoff, Hamilton, NZ. Personal communication. www.duffus.com [author David Duffus

1946-2005] recovered and to be found at http://208.109.173.85/ 12. Public Record Office, Kew, London 13. SA Archives Repository, Cape Town 14. SA National Archives, Pretoria 15. South African National Library, Cape Town 16. The Cape Times Cape Peninsula Directory 1930, 1935, 1940 17. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: http://www.familysearch.org. 18. The South African Jewish Year Book: Directory of Jewish Organizations and Who's Who in South

African Jewry: 1929; 5689-90. www.jewishgen.org/databases. Compiled by Ann Rabinowitz 19. Tylden, Major G. The Armed Forces of South Africa (1659-1954). 1982. 20. Walker, Catherine: Assistant Keeper (Maritime History), Aberdeen Maritime Museum. 2000. My thanks to Mrs M Nowak of UNISA, Pretoria, who assisted with the archival research. © Dr R M Pelteret Tuesday, 05 June 2007 Correspondence: December 2010, HAL of Somerset West, Cape writes as follows: About ten years ago I acquired through inheritance two paintings of my mother's maternal grandparents. They were Carel Petrus Heydenrych (26.3.1839 - 14.11.1909) and his wife Johanna Jacoba Heydenrych (12.3.1836 - 21.12.1923) who lived in Bree Street in Cape Town. In the Lutheran Church in Strand Street there is, to this day, a pew which bears a brass plaque with the wording Family CP Heydenrych 1878. The portraits are done in oil on paper and pasted onto canvas. These portraits are signed W Duffus and bear the date 1890. They measure 60 x 50 cm.

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Johanna Jacoba Heydenrych Carel Petrus Heydenrych

Autograph on portrait(s) above January 2011 from MS of Holland Park, Australia : You may not be aware that William Duffus worked as a photographer in Huddersfield from 1883-1889. I also have two references to a William Duffus with a studio at 263 Oxford St, London from 1904-1907 but reading your account WD seems to still be in South Africa then. I wonder if it could be a son?

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i Pelteret, RM. A Blink in History: the visit of Joseph Chamberlain to Bloemfontein, February 1903 www.pelteret.co.za ii William DUFFUS married Mary Davidson SLESSOR (SLESSER) (b. 25 July 1829 at Old Deer, Aberdeen, the d.o. Robert Slessor and Elspet YEATS) at Old Machar, Aberdeen, Scotland on 8 February 1873 The following were their offspring all born out of wedlock: 1. Jane Duffus b. 4 October 1856 d. young 2. William Duffus b. 10 December 1858 Saint Nicholas, Aberdeen 3. Jane (later called "Jeannie" ) Duffus (or Davidson) b. 7 January 1861 Saint Nicholas, Aberdeen. 4. John Duffus b. 26 September 1864 Causewayend, Saint Nicholas, Aberdeen d. 16 October 1957 aged 93 years at Lapama Homestead, Letaba, district Tzaneen TAB MHG 7888/57 married Isobel (Isabella) Wood ROSS TAB MHG 7889/57 4.1 John William Duffus TAB MHG 1633/60 m. Helen 4.2 May Blossom Duffus m/div. BOYD 4.3 Alan Ross Duffus b. 23 August 1906 4.4 Isobel Rosemary Duffus m. (first) Johannes Franciscus KALKNARF TAB MHG 82422/1933, (second)

ROSS TAB TPD Vol. No 50. Ref 1330/1959 4.5 Betty Duffus m. Roger MONTGOMERY iii The Duffus shipyard, Aberdeen, was officially known as John Duffus & Company. iv From Scenes and Life in the Transvaal, published in c.1895. Jeffreys Collection Photo. 957. Cape Archives Repository. v TAB RAD 72 1657: Claim for Compensation (Witwatersrand Area) John Duffus. 1902 vi KAB CSC Vol.No.2/1/1/532 Ref: 47 Illiquid Case. The War Department versus Duffus and Company. Claim for

the Recovery of Money. 1907 vii KAB DOC 4/1/669.3701. Mortgage Bond. William Duffus and John Duffus viii Death Notice KAB MOOC 6/9/323.2743 Cripps, George St. Vincent. This estate was finally settled in 1906. ix KAB DOC 4/1/669. 3701: Mortgage Bond. William Duffus and John Duffus. 1899 x The father of the future Chief Justice of South Africa and University of Cape Town Chancellor Albert van de Sandt Centlivres (1887–1966) xi Following the May, 1902 disbandment in Johannesburg of the two regiments, 1st and 2nd Scottish Horse, the Scottish Horse was reconstituted as a volunteer regiment in the Transvaal Army that year. By June 1906, the regiment was 396 men strong. It was disbanded in 1907 in favour of the senior mounted corps, the Imperial Light Horse. xii TAB CS Vol.No.388.9847/03_Forwarding a Permit to import One Lee-Enfield Target Rifle in favour of Captain J Duffus Scottish Horse. xiii SAB CEN Vol. No.16. Ref: EE878. Duffus Bros, Johannesburg. 1905. Letter addressed to the Division of Entomology, Transvaal Department of Agriculture by N H Zoufendyk, Manager, Duffus Bros. Johannesburg requesting permission to import from Stellenbosch, Cape apricot and vine cuttings for grafting onto local stock.

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SAB CEN Vol. No.690 Ref: E7688 Jack Duffus, Esquire, (PO) Bandolier(s) Kop, Northern Transvaal. General. 1926. This correspondence to the Government Entomologist refers to a plague caterpillars following abnormal rains in the area. xiv TAB TPD Vol;. 115. 90/1908: LAND SALE. Johann Rissik and Woodthorpe Tempest Graham versus William Duffus xv TAB TPD Vol;. 115. 90/1908: LAND SALE. Johann Rissik and Woodthorpe Tempest Graham (as Trustees for Debenture Holders in SA Investment & Trust Co.) versus William Duffus xvi TAB WLD Vol: 5/111 Ref:140/1908 Opposed Application. Davis and Poulter versus Duffus Brothers. 1908 xvii TAB MHG Ref: 52573 Bertram Phillip.Davis, Bertram Phillip. Death Notice/Estate Papers. 1923. Surviving Spouse Constance Sarah Davis (born Friedman). xviii KAB MOOC 6/9/10374.88111 Frank Beaumont Poulter. Death Notice/ Estate Papers. 1943 xix In 1903, Edwin Jacob Fisher Miller had been declared insolvent. TAB WLD Vol. No. 5/14 Ref: 224/1903 Ex Parte Application. The Trustee in the Insolvent Estate of Edwin Jacob Fisher Miller Trading as Miller and Company. 1903 xx KAB 3/CT. 4/2/1/1/74. 138/10 Application from Mr. Duffus to fix showcase in Adderley Street (Cape Town). 1909 xxi KAB DOC 4/1/1363.623. Mortgage Bond. William Duffus xxii Between 1908 and 1910 R V Kuranda was Duffus' attorney; and by 1921 he was acting for him again. Death Notice: TAB MHG 3420/40 Robert Victor Kuranda xxiii TAB WLD 41/1912 : Illiquid Case Payment Robert Kuranda versus William Duffus TAB WLD 5/186 Ref: 35/1912 Opposed Application. William Duffus versus Robert Kuranda xxiv This explains a document in the Pietermaritzburg Archives Repository: NAB. PVS. Vol No.180 ref: 1694/1912. Senior Veterinary Officer, Pretoria: Application by J Duffus to move One Cow from Waverley Township, Johannesburg, to Golden Valley, Vryheid, Natal. 1912. Remarks Ref: VDT 390/1912. xxv TAB WLD Vol. No. 5/371 Ref: 369/1921 Opposed Application. Percy Missen Clark versus Duffus Bros. Ltd. 1921. TAB WLD Vol. No. 8/287 Ref: 484/1921 Ex Parte Application. The Master of The Supreme Court in re: Duffus Brothers Ltd.1921. TAB WLD Vol. No. 8/297 Ref: 833/1921. Ex Parte Application. The Master (In Re Duffus Bros. Ltd.) (In Liquidation). 1921. TAB WLD Vol. No. 5/402 Ref: 574/1922. Ex Parte Application. Duffus Brothers Limited. 1922. xxvi Meeting of Shareholders Duffus Bros. Ltd., 26 March 1921 at registered office of Nels Rust Building (President Street, Johannesburg): present William Duffus, P(ercy) M(issen) Clark , secretary G A Smith. Resolution" that owing to the impossibility of carrying on business under the existing conditions the Company be would up voluntarily; (to which was added) and that the liquidator be instructed that when the business is sold the purchaser is not to have the right to use the name of "Duffus" or "Duffus Bros Ltd. in any way. The latter part of the resolution beginning "……..and that the liquidator be instructed " being declared invalid by the secretary, it was decided to seek legal opinion on the matter. xxvii A little late, it was only in March 1921 that Robert Kuanda, acting on behalf of William Duffus, gave notice of Duffus Bros. seeking voluntary sequestration citing an inability of the partners to agree on aspects of management.

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xxviii An innocent visit to a portrait photographer resulted in considerable amount of unwelcome attention. Vide infra for the photograph. TAB MHG 67983. Pegrum, Arthur Edwin. 1928. Surviving spouse Beatrice Annie Lilian HAMPTON. xxix William Duffus was well known in dog and horse-racing circles; and his love of these sports is thought to have contributed to his financial incapacity. The possibility that his estate papers may be amongst the Public Records of Insolvent Estates in Pretoria has not been explored. xxx Alan Roger Duffus writes (2007) "when the studio was forced to close down due to problems experienced by William (duffus) in Cape Town, all the original negatives from those historical times were destroyed". xxxi This entity, though relatively rare, is well described and called Delayed Maturation of the Visual System. It self-corrects with time though frequently leaves the infant with certain perceptive disabilities. xxxii Walker, C. Aberdeen Maritime Museum. 2000. The Duffus shipyard was officially known as John Duffus & Company. In addition to shipbuilding, Duffus (trading as the Aberdeen and London Steam Navigation Company) was involved in the shipping trade between Aberdeen and London. Duffus built and owned vessels on this route. These were steam vessels, for which the company also built engines. Inter alia the "Royal Tar" (the nickname of King William IV) was built by John Duffus, Aberdeen in 1832. xxxiii James Frederick Goch [b. 9 May 1854 Swellendam d. 1933] A photographer of some skill with representation in many private and national collections, he arrived on the Witwatersrand from the Cape in 1886. In 1892, he had opened a photographic studio in Pritchard Street as well as a Watchmakers and Jewellers shop. Amongst his tenants, he numbered John Duffus, Leon Levson, Horace W Nicholls and Joseph Louis Zadik. However, he made his fortune in property. "Eikenlaan", Parktown, his family home, was a 40-room mansion built in 1904 to a design by the well-known Pretoria architect, JB Nicholson. George Hendrik [Henry] Goch [b.29 April 1850 Swellendam d. 1934] was a miner and owner of George Goch Goudmyn Maatschappy of Johannesburg. He was Mayor of Johannesburg between 1904-1905. His name is enshrined in many facilities around the city. xxxiv Last entry in any Cape Town Street Directory reads as follows: "Duffus" Studio, 33 Adderley Street, Cape Town [1921] xxxv Leon Levson [b. Lithuania 1883 d. 1968] He arrived in South Africa in 1902. A photographer of note, he specialised in social documentation, leaving behind a rich legacy of photographic images portraying native African life in the early to mid-twentieth century South Africa. Horace W. Nicholls [b. Cambridge 1867; d. 1941] The son of a well-known British photographer, he became a full-time freelance photo-journalist. He documented the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1901), and recorded the harsh life on the diamond and gold mines in southern Africa. He is remembered for a series "Women at War" taken during the First World War and his record of classic English social events. His photographs appeared in the Daily Mirror, Tatler and Illustrated London News. Joseph Louis ZADIK [b. Sweden 9 May 1871 d. Cape Town 20 August 1954] He arrived in South Africa in 1893. He established a photographic business at Stuttafords Chambers, 80 Adderley Street, Cape Town; owned a good deal of property; played a prominent role within the Cape Jewish community and held a number of charitable appointments in the city.