dr.punik mumpuni digesti

8/13/2019 Dr.punik Mumpuni DIGESTI

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DISEASES OF ORAL CAVITY

(Digestive Block)

Punik Mumpuni. Drg. M.Kes


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General Characteristics

The major components

of the digestive system

that we will cover can

be seen in figure 1


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The Mouth

The mouth (see figure 3) is

extremely complicated

anatomically because it has

to cope with a varietyofdifferent functions.

Speaking, eating, breathing

The most important digestive

role of the mouth is

mastication.


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The Mouth

This is the physical breakdown of

food by chewing.

interactions between the highly

muscular tongue, cheeks and lips

to position the food bolusbetween

the teeth, and strong crushing and

shearing movements of the tooth

surfaces controlled by the muscles

of mastication pulling on the jaws


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Teeth

Humans have a dental formula of 2:1:2:3

This means that an adult human has

2 incisors,

1 canine,

2 premolars

and 3 molars

on their up per jaw, and the same on their lower jaw.


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Dental Caries

Dental caries, also known as tooth

decayor cavity, is a diseasewhere

bacterial processes damage hard tooth

structure (enamel, dentinand

cementum).

These tissues progressively break

down, producing dental cavities (holes

in the teeth).

Two groups of bacteria are responsible

for initiating caries, Streptococcus

mutans and Lactobacilli
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_enamelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_enamelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease


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KARIES GIGI

Karies gigi disebabkan karena

adanya demineralisasi/larutnya

mineral gigi akibat asam yang

dihasilkan oleh bakteri plaq.

Bakteri plaq sendiri meningkatdengan adanya komsumsi

makanan yang lengket dan

mengandung gula.

Jika tidak dirawat, karies gigi akan

menyebabkan pulpitis (dengan

rasa yang sangat sakit dan

berlanjut dengan kematian pulpa

(gangren pulpa).


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Pulpitis and its complications:

periapical abscess and cellulitis.

Pulpitis, an inflammation of the

dental pulp, can occur when

caries or its bacterial by

products encroach on the

dental pulp, leading to infection,

or when pathogens enter the

pulp through the apical foramen

or through a tooth fracture


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Tongue

The tongue has

several important

functions in eating.

the tongue containsthe taste receptors.


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Non cancerous lumps, bumps

and abnormalities in the mouth

Tori and exostoses (hard bony tumors on the palateand

gums)

Tongue abnormalities

Burning mouth/tongue syndrome (BMS) Bald tongue (atrophic glossitis) (beefsteak tongue)

Lingual tonsils

black or white hairy tongue

Geographic tongue

Macroglossia Enlarged Circumvallate papillae

Median Rhomboid Glossitis

Ankyloglossia (tongue tied)
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Abnormalities of the gums

Gingivitis

Periodontitis

Trench Mouth

(ANUG) Pericoronitis

Parulus

Pyogenic granuloma
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Abnormalities of the lips and

inside of the cheeks

Canker sores (aphthous)

Stenson's duct

Cold sores (herpes Labialis)

Angular cheilitis

Mucocele

Fordyce granules

lichen Planus

Fibroma

Nicotinic Stomatitis (smokers palate)

Amalgam Tatoo
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Tori and exostoses (hard bony

tumors on the palate and gums)

Torus palatinusmerupakan

suatu exostosis.

Exostosis :pertumbuhan

benigna jaringan tulang yang

menonjol keluar dari

permukaan tulang. Secara

khas keadaan ini ditandai

dengan tertutupnya tonjolan

tersebut oleh kartilago
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Torus Mandibularis

These are the same type of growths as

the Torus Palatinus except that they

grow on the inside of the lower jaw.
http://www.doctorspiller.com/torusmandibularis2.htm


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Tongue abnormalities


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Bald tongue (Atrophic

glossitis)

As people begin to reach theirsenior years, sometimes theynotice that their tongue begins toburn when eating sharp tastingfoods

The first factor is

nutrition. Atrophic glossitis ismost often caused by a lack of Bvitamins in the diet.

The addition of daily doses of folicacid, niacin, vitamin B12,pyroxidine, riboflavin, and even

Iron, all in the form of a simpledaily multiple vitamin tablet mayhelp to restore the tongue andrelieve the burning on eating.


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Fungal Infections

Candidiasis (Thrush)

Thrushis a common problem for

infants since their immune

systems are not yet fully

developed.

In healthy adults, however, it

happens only rarely, and usually

is an indication of a lowered

immune response.

Often it is due to illnesses other

than AIDS such as general viral

infections or stress related

fatigue.


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Lingual Tonsil-

Whenever you seesomething you think may

be an abnormality in your

mouth, look for another

one on the opposite sideof the mouth.

If you see a "matched

set", they are probably

"normal anatomy".
http://www.doctorspiller.com/images/OralAnatomy/LingualTonsil2.jpghttp://www.doctorspiller.com/images/OralAnatomy/LingualTonsil2.jpg


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Black or white hairy tongue

When a patient is suffering fromany of a number of febrilediseases, he/she may developan overgrowth of filliformpapillae on the tongue. The

technical name for this conditionis white hairy tongue

If the coating is stained by fooddebris, black hairy tongue(see image at right). When this

condition develops, anaerobicbacteria can thrive over theentire dorsum of the tongueproducing more serious odorproblems
http://www.doctorspiller.com/images/OralAnatomy/HairyTongue.jpghttp://www.doctorspiller.com/images/OralAnatomy/HairyTongue.jpg


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Geographic tongue

This condition is characterized by thedisappearance of the filiform papillaefrom irregular patches on the topsurface of the tongue.

No one knows why some people get

this condition. It is thought to be anoral form of psoriasis (a common skincondition).

Patients who live with this problemfrequently complain of pain on eatingsharp foods.

Seen more frequently in AIDSpatients, however the presence ofgeographic tongue certainly doesNOT mean that the patient has AIDS.
http://www.doctorspiller.com/geographic_jpg.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/geographic_jpg.htm


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Macroglossia (large tongue)

The tongue normally resides on the

inside of the arch formed by the

lower teeth.

Most people's tongues fit neatly into

this space, however, a minority of

people have tongues which are a bit

larger than the space available.

The tongue is a very flexible organ,

and can accommodate itself to the

prevailing conditions easily.

This condition is often associated

with burning around the edges of the

tongue.
http://www.doctorspiller.com/macroglossia.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/macroglossia.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/macroglossia.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/macroglossia.htm


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Ankyloglossia (tongue tied)

When the tongue is anchored to

the floor of the mouth by a very

short lingual frenum

It tends to limit the mobility of the

tongue.

This limits the ability of the patient

to "stick out" the tongue and

negatively effects speech.

This condition is called

ankyloglossia (literally "tiedtongue").
http://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htm


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Abnormalities of the gums


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Gingivitis

If plaque is left around the necks of the

teeth for a long time, however, the

margins of the gums react by

becoming red, swollen, and sometimes

misshapen as seen in the image to the

right.

Although this looks terrible, the

condition generally goes away with the

removal of the plaque through good,

once a day oral hygiene.
http://www.doctorspiller.com/Sores_Lumps_Bumps.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/Sores_Lumps_Bumps.htm


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Type I (Gingivitis)

Type I periodontal disease

is characterized by swollen

and red gums. In fact, this

condition is calledgingivitis.


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Type II (incipient and moderate )

Periodontal Disease

In type II periodontal disease,

some bone loss has occurred.

The difference between

incipient periodontal disease

(gingivitis) and moderate

periodontal disease is the

increased depth and

distribution of the pocketing.


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Type III (severe) Periodontal

Disease

The bone loss is so

much more pronounced.

It involves not only

gingival (soft tissue)pocketing, but also

"in f rabony" pocket ing


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Periodontitis

All the bony and soft

tissue that supports the

tooth is called the

periodontiumand when

this organ becomes sick,

we say the patient hasPeriodontal disease.

If oral hygiene remains

very poor for long periods

of time after the age of

25, the damage to thegums goes beyond a

simple inflammation of

the margin of the gums.


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Pericoronitis

It is simply an

infection around an

unerupted tooth.


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Parulus

Better known as a "gum boil", this sore happens on thegums at the tip of the root of a tooth in which the nervehas died.

The nerve in the tooth dies because of deep decay, orbecause of some other traumatic event that disturbs theblood flow to the nerve.

The parulus is the result of the pressure of an abscessin the bone due to the toxic nature of dead nerve tissue.


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Pyogenic granuloma

(Pregnancy tumor)

That happens in responseto chronic irritation.

In the case pictured here, itappeared as a response to

chronic irritation from theaccumulation of plaqueunder an orthodontic wire.

It is frequently seen inpregnant women where it is

triggered by hormonalimbalance due topregnancy.
http://www.doctorspiller.com/pyogenic_granuloma.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/pyogenic_granuloma.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/pyogenic_granuloma.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/pyogenic_granuloma.htm


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Abnormalities of the lips and inside of

the cheeks
http://www.doctorspiller.com/Sores_Lumps_Bumps.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/Sores_Lumps_Bumps.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/Sores_Lumps_Bumps.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/Sores_Lumps_Bumps.htm


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aphthous ulcer

Aphthous ulcers occur generallyon the soft unattached gingiva,in the vestibuleor on the cheekmucosa, on the floor of themouth, or on the under-surfaceor lateral borders of the tongue.

They are characterized by awhite center surrounded by athin red, inflamed border.

No one knows exactly why somepeople seem prone to thesesores, or why they occur at

all. They are NOT due to adietary deficiency!
http://www.doctorspiller.com/Sores_Lumps_Bumps.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/oral%20anatomy.htmhttp://www.doctorspiller.com/Sores_Lumps_Bumps.htm


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Stenson's duct

The opening of the duct of theparotid saliva glandis calledStenson's Duct.

This is most likely to happen

when saliva flow is reducedfrom its normal levels, oftendue to prolonged usage ofdecongestants andantihistamines or other drugswhich cause dry mouth.

The usual treatment is a courseof antibiotics (generally penicillinor Zithromax)

Nicotinic Stomatitis (smokers
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Nicotinic Stomatitis (smokers

palate)

condition characterized by inflammation ofthe soft palate due to the irritation ofexcessive amounts of cigarette smoke.

it is often associated with the conditioncalled leukoplakia,

Leukoplakia is considered a pre cancerouslesion which cantransform into squamous

cell carcinoma. Nicotinic stomatitis is caused almost

exclusively by pipe smoking

however, that the development of thiscondition is an indication that the patientmay be prone to the development ofsmoking related cancers.

Perhaps very long exposure of the palataltissues to hot, caustic pipe smoke can breakdown the resistance of the palatal tissuesand stimulate dysplasia there.
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Thank You

dr.punik mumpuni digesti

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