drought
TRANSCRIPT
Submitted by:
PARUL RAJPUT,AKSHAY CHAUHAN,SHIVANI BEDI
Project Guide:
DR. TANUJA NAUTIYAL
Dept. of Chemistry, Northern India Engineering College
DROUGHT is an environmental extreme that is
characterized by an absence of precipitation in the local and
regional water cycle as a consequence of interactions of
elements of the atmosphere,
hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
DROUGHT is an environmental extreme that is
characterized by an absence of precipitation in the local and
regional water cycle as a consequence of interactions of
elements of the atmosphere,
hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS
CHINA: PART III EDROUGHT EPISODES
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE CHINA’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE CHINA’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK
FLOODS
TYPHOONS
EARTHQUAKES
LANDSLIDESS
DROUGHT EPISODES
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE
GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE
PROLONGED LACK OF PRECIPITATION
DROUGHTS DROUGHTS
LOSS OF SOIL MOSTURE
LOSS OF CROPS
DEPLETION/POLLUTION OF GROUND WATER
LOSS OF VEGETATION
INSECT INFESTATION
LOSS OF USE OF AG. LAND
CAUSES & CONSE-
QUENCES
CAUSES & CONSE-
QUENCES
DISASTER LABORATORIES
DISASTER LABORATORIES
THE 2010-2011 DROUGHT EPISODE IN CHINA
• The 2010–2011 drought episode, which began in late 2010 after a severe lack of rain and snow, was China’s worst drought episode in 60 years.
• Eight of China’s provinces (Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, and Shanxi), all wheat -producing regions, were impacted by the drought.
IMPACTS
• The drought caused water shortages for an estimated 2.31 million people and 2.57 million livestock.
• Within the eight provinces, 20% of the farmland and 35% of the wheat crop was impacted.
• The Hubei lake shrank to one-eighth of its normal surface area and one-fifth its usual depth, forcing 3,234 local residents to relocate.
• By June, 2011, the drought had affected 35 million people, including 4.2 million facing a drinking water shortage.
• By June, direct economic losses had reached 15 billion yuan (about 2.3 billion USD).
THE PARADOX: While these 8 provinces
were experiencing drought, other provinces were
experiencing flooding.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DROUGHT
CHARACTERISTICS OF DROUGHT
• SLOW ONSET• DIVERSE IN
LOCATION AND DURATION
• DIFFICULT TO MEASURE THE DURATION AND THE EXTENT OF THE SOCIETAL IMPACTS
• SLOW ONSET• DIVERSE IN
LOCATION AND DURATION
• DIFFICULT TO MEASURE THE DURATION AND THE EXTENT OF THE SOCIETAL IMPACTS
DROUGHT HAZARDS
• HIGH TEMPERATURES • VERY LOW HUMIDITY• LOSS OF SOIL MOISTURE• VANISHING STREAMS, LAKES,
AND WATER TABLES
DROUGHT LINKAGES AND RISKS
• Drought is linked to loss of water quantity and quality, which can lead to major loss of life (people and livestock), loss of livelihoods, loss of habitats, and sometimes famine.
CHINA;S COMMUNITIES
CHINA;S COMMUNITIES
DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONDATA BASES AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
• DROUGHT HAZARDS
• LOCATIONS
DROUGHT RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
DROUGHT DISASTER RESILIENCE
• MONITORING • ADAPTATION• PREPAREDNESS
POLICY OPTIONS
HAZARDSHAZARDS
ELEMENTS OF RISKELEMENTS OF RISK
EXPOSUREEXPOSURE
VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATION
RISKRISK
E
DECREASE IN WATER QUALITY
DECREASE IN WATER QUALITY
UNACCEPTABLE RISKUNACCEPTABLE RISK
DECREASE IN WATER QUANTITY
DECREASE IN WATER QUANTITY
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO WILDFIRES
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO WILDFIRES
ECONOMIC LOSS; FAMINE; DEATHS
ECONOMIC LOSS; FAMINE; DEATHS
RISKRISK
DROUGHT RISKS (FOR A SLOW ONSET NATURAL
HAZARD)
• Loss of life (People and animals) • Loss of livelihoods and habitats• Loss of crops and agricultural land (e.g.,
from desertification)• Reductions in water quantity and quality• Large-scale migrations of people from
areas experiencing droughts and famines.
FACILITATING ACHIEVEMENT OF DROUGHT DISASTER
RESILIENCE
FACILITATING ACHIEVEMENT OF DROUGHT DISASTER
RESILIENCE
EMERGING TECNOLOGIES
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR DROUGHT RESILIENCE
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR DROUGHT RESILIENCE
• WEATHER FORECASTS
• MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., REMOTE SENSING)
• WARNING SYSTEMS
• WEATHER FORECASTS
• MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES (E.G., REMOTE SENSING)
• WARNING SYSTEMS
• DATABASES FOR PAST DROUGHTS
• COMPUTER MODELS OF DROUGHT
• MAPS • DISASTER
SCENARIOS• HAZARD
ASSESSMENT • RISK
ASSESSMENT
• DATABASES FOR PAST DROUGHTS
• COMPUTER MODELS OF DROUGHT
• MAPS • DISASTER
SCENARIOS• HAZARD
ASSESSMENT • RISK
ASSESSMENT
DROUGHT DISASTER RESILIENCE
DROUGHT DISASTER RESILIENCE
• PURPOSE• IDENTIFICATION OF
DROUGHT PRECURSORS
• ALERT AND WARNING• PROTECT WATER
QUANTITY
• PROTECT WATER QUALITY
• PURPOSE• IDENTIFICATION OF
DROUGHT PRECURSORS
• ALERT AND WARNING• PROTECT WATER
QUANTITY
• PROTECT WATER QUALITY
• TECHNIQUE• REMOTE SENSING; SITE-
SPECIFIC MONITORING; MODELING
• PUBLIC AWARENESS; EDUCATION
• RESERVOIRS; CONSERVATION
• ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; WATER TREATMENT
• TECHNIQUE• REMOTE SENSING; SITE-
SPECIFIC MONITORING; MODELING
• PUBLIC AWARENESS; EDUCATION
• RESERVOIRS; CONSERVATION
• ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; WATER TREATMENT
DROUGHT DISASTER RESILIENCEDROUGHT DISASTER RESILIENCE
• PURPOSE• LAND-USE
CONTROL
• ADAPTATION TO THE SITUATION
• PURPOSE• LAND-USE
CONTROL
• ADAPTATION TO THE SITUATION
• TECHNIQUE• DROUGHT-
RESISTANT CROPS AND VEGETATION
• COMMUNITY DROUGHT RESPONSE PLAN
• TECHNIQUE• DROUGHT-
RESISTANT CROPS AND VEGETATION
• COMMUNITY DROUGHT RESPONSE PLAN
POLICY ADOPTION
POLICY ADOPTION
RISK ASSESSMENT
• VULNERABILITY
• EXPOSURE
• EVENT
POLICY ASSESSMENT
• COST
• BENEFIT
• CONSEQUENCES
TOWARDS DROUGHT DISASTER RESILIENCE
DROUGHTSDROUGHTS EXPECTED LOSS
EXPECTED LOSS