CS (6HRS) NOV 25, 2001--JAN 11, 2002 n=87

-10

0

10

20

30

40

Baseline day 1+2

SD day (6h)

Recovery day 1

0

20

10

30

Slee

p m

in /

30 m

inDrosophila shows a prominent homeostatic

response to sleep deprivation

1A

Shaw PJ, Cirelli C, Greenspan RJ, Tononi G. Science, 2000

Hendricks et al., Sleep 2003

Caffeine

Modafinil

Hydroxyzine

Fly sleep is modulated by stimulants and hypnotics

Fly sleep is accompanied by EEG changes

Nitz DA, van Swinderen B, Tononi G, Greenspan RJ. Current Biology 12:1934-1940, 2002

heat lamp

sensor laser

groundelectrodes

Cirelli and Tononi, Mol Brain Res, 1998; Cirelli, Gutierrez, Tononi, Neuron 2004

Cyt c oxy

sub 1

Fly sleep is characterized by changes in gene expression similar to those observed in mammals

Summary: Sleep in flies shares key featureswith sleep in mammals

Like mammalian sleep, sleep-like states in Drosophila are:

• consolidated into long period of quiescence• characterized by increased arousal thresholds• homeostatically regulated• modulated by stimulants and hypnotics• associated with changes in brain electrical activity • associated with changes in gene expression