Regional Surveillance and Control Strategies for Influenza in Swine:

IT TAKES A PROVINCESusan Detmer, DVM, PhD

September 20, 2016

Outline

What is surveillance? What are we looking for? The Manitoba Collaboration What are we doing with the data? Future work

What is Disease Surveillance?

Disease surveillance is an information-based activity involving the collection, analysis and interpretation of large volumes of data originating from a variety of sources.

PCR (ELISA, BacT) for specific diseases

Farm Data (Outcome Data), Meteorological data

To be effective, the collection of surveillance data must be standardized on a national basis and be made available at local, regional and national level.

http://www.hpsc.ie/AboutHPSC/WhatisDiseaseSurveillance/

How is the surveillance data used?

Monitor changes in disease patterns

Evaluate control and prevention methods

Identify high risk populations

Planning: allocation of resources

ZIKA control measures (Pres $1.9Bil, Congress $1.1Bil, Senate $0)

PED response in Manitoba (surveillance budget gone through 2017)

Data archive for future reference

Caveat: The quality of the data will determine some uses.

Active vs. Passive surveillance

ACTIVE:

Actively collecting samples from farms at regular intervals (weekly, monthly, quarterly)

Research Projects

Not targeting sick animals

PASSIVE:

Collecting samples from farms with clinical signs of ILI

Diagnostic labs - “sick animals”

You have to know the farm and the disease

SAMPLE THE RIGHT ANIMALS

regular intervals

as needed

Who to sample for flu?

Flu not under control PIGLETS 14-24 days old

OR

PIGLETS at weaning

10 nasal swabs

Flu controlled in sows by vaccine 6-8 week old pigs in NURSERY

Oral fluids to narrow down:

3 samples at 5w, 6w, 7w, 8w

Nasal swabs from 10-12 piglets.

3ml VTM with regular flocked swab1ml VTM with MINI flocked swabBD or Puritan brand

Using a mini swab with 3 ml of VTM can dilute the virus too much. (hard to isolate, seq., etc.)

If you get blood on the swabs try stopping here

Flu surveillance in the USA

USDA 2009-2016 (passive surveillance)

State labs: opt-in/out, anonymous or tracked

Screening with Matrix PCR

Virus isolation and subtyping

Sequences: HA, NA, M GenBank

Virus Isolates forwarded to USDA

Whole genome sequencing of selected viruses

Virus archive for future work and research

http://www.clipartbest.com/clipart-RiG6q9zdT

Flu surveillance in Canada

Provincial laboratories, provincial funding

Ontario

Samples through the provincial lab

Screening with Matrix PCR

Virus isolation and subtyping

Sequencing HA Forwarding to CFIA for whole genome

Quebec

University of Montreal and MAPAQ

Flu surveillance in Canada

Western Canada (me)

Active and Passive surveillance

Screening and subtyping

VI and HA sequencing

Forwarding for whole genome

PDS and UMVDL

Funded by:

Canada-West Swine Health Intelligence Network (CWSHIN) Purpose to communicate about current disease issues within the

region Emerging disease problems

BC, AB, SK, MB Private practice veterinarians Provincial veterinarians Diagnosticians (provincial labs) Academics

Members on the call sign a privacy policy Information being shared is not publicly available A report is generated for veterinarians and producers

The Canadian Swine Health Intelligence Network (CSHIN) started in 2012

Quebec: Réseau d'alerte et d'information zoosanitaire (RAIZO)

Ontario: Ontario Animal Health Network (OAHN)

Western Canada: CWSHIN

Others from the Canadian Animal Health Surveillance System (CAHSS)

Issues with different labs using different systems

CAHLN: AHL, PDS, MAFRI

Numbers of positive samples reported vs. %

Central information gathering (Lab data fed to CAHSS) - CFIA

Clinical Impression Survey

Computer or Cell phone App

Fluidsurveys

Quarterly observations by practitioners

Approximately 40-45 veterinarians represent almost 90% of the pigs in Canada

CSHIN quarterly conference calls

Veterinarian and Producer reports

The Manitoba experience

Canada

https://umanitoba.ca/faculties/afs/dept/agribusiness/media/pdf/Manitoba_pig_and_pork_profile_2015.pdf

https://umanitoba.ca/faculties/afs/dept/agribusiness/media/pdf/Manitoba_pig_and_pork_profile_2015.pdf

3,288,500 total hogs exportedMinnesota: 801,300Iowa: 2,069,700

Manitoba Hogs

2008-2012: Adverse market conditions

2015: 2,243,700 pigs exported were < 7 kg (isowean)

78% of pigs < 50 kg that were exported; 68% of total hogs exported

https://umanitoba.ca/faculties/afs/dept/agribusiness/media/pdf/Manitoba_pig_and_pork_profile_2015.pdf

SE Manitoba

Hog alley near Winnipeg, MB Red River

North of Fargo, ND

SE MB vet group Deals with >25% of all Canadian pigs

Deals with a lot of exports to USA

3 Large Production Systems

Regular meetings to discuss diseases Meetings on Flu: Detmer & Culhane

Several research projects have developed from the collaboration between the swine veterinarians and my research program both within Southeast Manitoba and across the Western region.

Unpublished data was removed from the presentation for the web version.

Learning from experience

Risk factors Better understanding

Identifying new

Measurements of success How do we know we have eradicated a virus?

How do we measure if a control strategy is effective?

Monitoring programs Endemic flu is it a new flu ?

H3N2 pH1N1 alpha H1N2 +/- H3N2

Trends in disease flu trends NEED TO GO DEEPER!

Going Forward

Continue to build on present information networks Need a database of viruses for sharing

GenBank with clinical and other data

Limited Access

Anonymity

Protected data

More field based projects More vaccine testing

Does closing a herd help? Off-site nurseries?

Outline

What is surveillance?

What are we looking for?

The Manitoba Collaboration

What are we doing with the data?

Future work

Thank you!

CSHIN, CWSHIN, OAHN, RAIZO

Veterinarians, Producers and Pigs in Western Canada

Graduate students and Technicians

Collaborators

Funding:

Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture

Sask-ADF

Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency

Regional Surveillance and Control Strategies for Influenza in Swine:IT TAKES A PROVINCE a lot of people

Students in the Detmer Lab: Vinicius, Lauren and Diana