�:©ÔѦwz)bShariah and Eunichs: An Historical Analysis
* eZË{{y
Abstract
Khwaja siras, for which several terms are used such as
transgender, transsexual, and transvestite in English writings and
verily other names nationally and internationally, insinuates the
overall public who do not fall in one of the classes of the developed
sex identities: male or female. This is the group of the people who are
reported to act, feel, think or seem different and noted to have many
other versatile characters from the rest part of the society. To their
regret being oppressed naturally, they are also considered inferior,
for the reasons unknown, by the so called literate society. Though
their rights are reported to have been reserved in the era of
khulfa-e-rashideen and later in Mughal regime, yet have always been
placed in a category well below the normal part of the general public
for the reasons mysterious to the nature. Despite all the possible free
workspace, there has been lack of any comprehensive research about
the behavior of this important but ignored part of the human cluster
in Pakistan specially Balochistan.
The study sheds light and have a deeper insight into the
socio-economic status as well as brief introductory and historical
perspective of the khwaja siras in the light of Islamic and western
literature. Furthermore, it insists on different possible ways to involve
this very sensitive and special group of the society in an optimistic
and exclusive sphere of life.
‘aWWçgzWsÝ�ñy *
3
Zzg Transgender , Transsexual pZzuZYTÆa~~
‰ZÖp±ZzgÎZÑZòZEwƒD�XpZzuZY Transvestite
Z+½ÆZ�ÛZŠÃ¹ŽÒ:%ŠƒDZzg:„úg]X
tçÑ}~¬Zz{wZzg¬ŠZ]zZîZgÆZYä
YD�ÔZzgøgñ‘çÑ}~ZyÃz{ƒ*qÝ7XÆt
��XÍžZyÆ£t#YgZ”+ZzgZkƈhZŠzZg‡°{zä
K‰pZkzŽŠZyÃçÑ}ÆŠzu}Z�ÛZŠÆ£«~ZkÐ
øzxHìXÓœ1]zŽŠZkøzx6g}~¹Áï
ñŽŠì{m�ñy~X
Zkó*y»ÑZySàZ�ÛZŠZyÆ£g}~ÔZzgZyÅ
ZŠzZgg}~{ZzgZkøzx6ƹZzg»x[
ÏÅgZ�ûZìX
ž
Zv¬\äZKÕÐyÃaZHZzgZkÅŠzZŸs¯X
è™ZzgŠzu~XZyŠzâVÆfg)ãÅZ‚ÛZöZzgÂ6zÚË»
x‡ìXŠzâVÅKã‚ZzgŠzu}Пig¿X‰úZgn
~ÌŠzâVŠzu}Пi�XZyŠzâVÆŠgxyŠ~žÌ
aZ�Ûâð‰LL�óóë�X
á øzò Zsòx]Ât�žtZv¬\Å‘t�ZzgZyÅÒ
$zg~Æ1YñXT§bçÑ}~mzgZ�ÛZŠÐ¬x©wÐ
?؃HÔZϧbZyßÍVÆ‚BÌ�g{mgŠZ:gztZ(g
HecXŒÛWyz~šH½Zzgè<ØËÆ‚B#Wögzt
gõzpÎyÔŽÑðDŠc9102Y ______________________________________ 472
Z(g™äÅñИňìXçÑ}~Ë�ÛŠÃKã$zg~
ÅzzËKã‚~ŠØZg~ÅzzÐ{mÄŠËÃ{m
ÐågJzÏ‹ðˆì¹g;tÎZáyž™ŠZgZzg
gzlƒD�ÂZ×VŠzu}ßÍV~ÌñŽŠƒ$Ë�X)1(
�»|x:
�ÃpZzuZÔ5hZÔNÔ}ZÔèZÔ%Šz){ñVÐÌ
Wxgh-Eg;ÅLLWxgeZ‹ZgŠzeÖ~óóZi�áyZ/S~ÂLLèZóó ìX
ÒyHìX)2( Eunic Æ�ŠwÂ
LLèZZgŠy»ÂìX²!~Z774-öEEI
Zzg�ë�X)3(
À:�z{쎯xòÔZzgw»]z]~úg]Æx/ì
Zzg�Æ%Šƒä~ÃðØY7X
�Å9
�Ŋz9�X
z{�ŽúgÂVÆx/aZG‰ƒVZzgZrVäpŠ$¹Ò¨éGESZLW\ 1X
ÃúgÂVÆx/:ƒX
tz{�ŽúgÂVÆx/:aZG‰ƒVÉZrVäpŠ$¹Ò¨éGESZL 2X
W\ÃúgÂVÆx/ƒZZzgz{úgÂVŧbw»]Z'™D
�X
:tz„nìZqIgž~ÒWðìOçÑp
5( ì
572 ____________________________________ �:©ÔѦwz)b
�Å|g}~�YÆZZw»{
Â�âyÆÆ‚Bª�ÌJìZzgâyÆ
Æ‚B�ÌZEwŠ{9Æ‚Bª�„ž
�gÆ‚Bª¬x�JXNÆŠòZzg&×Zƒ
Æ�XZ˜7éSz{¿NìŽ%Šzúg]ÆW!ÚË
ZyŠzâV~ÐÃðÌ:ƒX«ßg]~ÓxZ[5�Z%
Šzu~ßg]Û�ñ™ZZ(¿N7ÉZŒÛqBñÇXŠzâV
WÑ]Åßg]~%ŠÆW!ÚËÐ[ìÂZkZ¾Zn
÷Z_zZ©xÑÜ%ŠzV~ÑgHYñÇZzg[úg]ÆW!Ð
ƒÂZkÃúgÂV~ÑgHYñÇX)4(
�Zk¿Ãë�Ž¬Š]zZîZg1wewZzgw»]z]~
úgÂVÆx/ƒÔTÃøg};V:Zzgë�Xtx¹LÂû
ƒCìZzgL¡¦Z(gÅYCìXûŽx¹ƒC
ìZk~Ã{7tŠgCqƒCìT~ãZ(gÊ4
7X;VŽx¹¡¦ƒC잉%ŠúgÂVÅx¹Z(g
�ZzgZg‚›Ô¬ŠZ]zZîZgZzg1wew~ZLW\Ãúg]ªCÙ™D
�ÔtZðZz{]ìXZ,ßvÒÆ��
ÑpžZyúgÂZvÅÒƒŽ%ŠzVÅx¹Z(g™C�
ZzgZy%ŠzZv¬\ÅÒƒŽúgÂVÅx¹Z(g™D�X)5(
ãZ�ÛZŠ~ÐNz{�ÛŠìT~è™zŠzâVÅ´âð
YÚƒäЬz{±Æŧb[™}ÂZkÆZ©±ÃV
zZáƒVÐZzg±Åŧb[™}ÂZ±ÅÆZ©xƒV
ÚƒäƈZkÅeZhSòWúg]Ðë_~Ƈ.Þ
gõzpÎyÔŽÑðDŠc9102Y ______________________________________ 672
ƒY%ŠÅ§bÐZóxƒäÑÂz{%ŠÑgƒÇÔZzgZk»Bò
W¬WäÑÂZúg]ÆZ©xƒVÐXZzÃð´#ÖÌ
ªCÙ:ƒZzgTyƒÂQz{NÂìXÅ<å XEZZkg}~ÓxZ©x
~ZôoÅYñX)6(
ËaZƒäzZáa»Z‹§s[™ä»£%ŠzZÑ)f™(
̃Zzgúg]zZÑ)�Û`(ÌÂz{^�ìXZ[Âf™Ð[™}Â
z{±»ƒÇ�Û`Ð[™}±ŃÏXpz{ZyŠzâV~Ð
[™}ÂZyŠzâV~ÐTЬ[™}ÂaÅÚZkÅ
§sÅYñÏZyŠzâV~‚B„ƒÂZkßg]~
QZâxZWZ1�òÒ]»ÃðZ±g7ƒÇXž™854èEGEòä¹
ìžZy~ÐTŠ{[ƒÅÚZkŧsÅYñ
ÏXÚZzgZkÅeZhSòWËúg]YàÂz{%ŠÑg
ƒÇZzgúg]ŧbZkÆyªCÙƒZkÆâV~ŠzŠ
ZЬ܂tŧsÐZkg‚ðeƒÂz{
úg]ƒÏX:ZyèÃg{´áV~ÐÃð´#ÖªCÙ:ƒðÂz{NÂ
ĂX)7(
Š�áäLLZÑ©xZÕ“0îGG°ZÑjZwZÅgB{0îIE
GGóó~–žNZkfZ]Ã
ë�T~%ŠZzgúg]ŠzâVÆZYÚËñŽŠƒŠzâV~Ð
ÃðÌñŽŠ:ƒX«q~z{%ŠÆW!Ð[ƒÂ%ŠƒÇ
Zã%`ÐÔTWáÐWæƒZk»YñÇÔpZk~
Ì7ƒÂQtNÂBñÇXt¬]�rÐIcÚ
ƒäƈZkÆeZhSòWúg]Ðë_~™T§b
%ŠÃZóxZk§bZóxƒäÑÔÂz{%ŠƒÇÔZzZkÆyZ½
WŠzŠW¬WäÜŒÛZYSkÆ‚Búg]Å
772 ____________________________________ �:©ÔѦwz)b
§bë_~ÅYnÂz{úg]ƒÏÔpZk~ÃðèÃg{´#ÖñŽŠ:
Zy´â]~¬gnaZƒÔÂZ[tÌNÂŒÛZñÇXZkc
÷Z_»Z�zƒÇÔ�gVwZk\»ZÙwƒZzgz{ZzÃ]ƈ
gh}ZzgŠzuZNÔ±ÆÃZkÆ£«~ŠzCÙZYñÇXZzg
zNÃX±Å»z±ÆÆ£¨~Z�ìX)8(
4�ñ™Zx�z{ìŽ%ŠzVÆ´z{Zdw~e¡6
ZzgEòz){ÅŠC™}Xz{ÃdV~ÐìÔZÐúgÂVЊzg
g3YñÇÔZzgZkyz¯xòZzgZY~e¡6wzƒ
øg}‰xYäúgÂV~g�Å ZÐ Zzgz{úgÂV»pZéq:ƒÂ
ZYi]Š~ìX)9(âËè<Ø~ìž�z{7ì»g~~�gZzg
Zkŧs™[ƒÉ�z{ìTÅð~Š{ZƒÔŒV
žz~Ô1%~ÔŠÚ~ÔÇä~Zzg=z÷~úgÂVÆ
x/ƒÔZk»g~ŬŠZ]ƒ:ƒVXZÝ~+B3ïGEEIe¡6Zzg
òìXË~èÃg{ÌðYZzgz{úgÂV»pZ×Ì:ƒÔ$zg
=ƒZzgßÍVÆZñg:YƒÔ"zsƒÂZkz‰Üz{)ZzàZÑg/ƒÇÔ
Zkßg]~Zk»úgÂV~ìX)01(ØZ«�z{ì
ŽúgÂVŬŠZ]ZdwZCñtƒVÂÃ{7ìX)11(
�ñ¦¨ë�žZ(�T~á]:ƒÂŠÚ~Zk»¬fzøx»
ìz{á]zZуZzgúgÂVÆZñzZ�ƒÂZk»¬)øx»
ìX)21(X
ÜžtìžèZ<ØZg‹~�ÅŠzZlx�X«n�Å
ìªTƯxòZzgZY~ƒZzgz}÷
Æ‚B�g:ƒZzg:„ZÐÃÉŒƒX)31(
ZqIgž~zZgŠ”{è#ÖzÒ~Z(�ŠZ47ìXŠzu~n
gõzpÎyÔŽÑðDŠc9102Y ______________________________________ 872
ZyNÅŽ^zßg]ZzgZdw~úgÂVůz^Z(g™}Zzg�U
WZzgZY~EaZ™}Xt§iZ(g~¬Š]Zz{
ìXZkÆ™äzZ{ÇgZzgÃÉŒYñÇX)41(
pZzuZƒVÅa¶nÃZZ~ë�ÔTÅWЊzZlx�X
:ZzgŠzu~:Z,�Ãë�ŽZZŠÆâjwЃ™
ZzäspZzuZƒVϯáZzg%Š&pZzuZƒV»z{
(Š}™Z‚B�áïXZz:~Š~�Ûttì:
pŠpZzuZƒVz{~�áïìZzgi+AõEE
Ãt(Š}™Z‚B
�XZ,ßvÌZZ~~�áïƒD�MVäÜscÆt
gzŠJgg3Qz{ßvŽ‚~ƒäzZàŠCÆË~©w
ÅϬ™äZV�X
pZzuZY:©
pZzZYZ’ZðZŠzZg~
geZàYñÂZkŠzg~tpZzuZxÐYäYD
¸ZzgÂÆ{ÂpZzuZЄ�ìXÃgÏy~pZzuZYZ,Z�ÛZŠÃ¹
ìŽúgÂVÅôZâñgƒD�XpZzuZYŠzgq¢ÅaZzZg7ÔÉZk
…ÆQyÓx ÆÎDŠgõÐX�XpZzuZƒVÆZ’Zðg
�ŽV~WD�Ô˜VâŽZyp[ßg]Zzgpl‰±ÃVÃW�™ÆZ7
wxuZÅ™«câñgHåXâŽZâVÃW�™ÆpZzuZ¯äÆŠ*
�: èIg}~Z„k°w7g~ZKÂ[LLðC_¬óó~g¶§Zi
gzx~CÙ‚w7\ƬÐ%zV±ÃVÃW�H}ƒ™Ì
ZyÅWzZiÅŠŒÛZggìZzgz{èIÌrCV~Šg~Z7
wmzƒk»:¯D¸XZyèzVgzx‡zè»X
972 ____________________________________ �:©ÔѦwz)b
<bZZxÃ<ZZxÃÜsÎä~Å^Z`ZŠZ7™C‰É
Zke»Ð�UtåžZ7ZK¸xÆp[ßg]âŽZâVÃÌ
Z`Åßg]~7åXCÙ‚w»ÄBøF°}αÆZzg
αHV/Z`÷Zyì¸Zy~‰±ÃVÃè}¯™
wxÅââñgHåXOzVÅ™pZzZ)è}(âñg
ÔÎyÔ²Zzg{Šx̹åX£Dè}�ÛZ÷WæGYD¸
˜V±ÃVÃ�¯äc·Š-Vä»g{äÅwgǸXzZgŠƒV»»g{:
ZfìzV~gÎZiâ:åÔzßYZZzgjg÷ÆàzV~â\Æ
™è}¯ñYD¸ZzgZsò˜´WæGYD¸XpZzuZ
.�ŠwZzg"ƒD¸ZzgOzV~ôZã™D¸ZyÓx
ÂVÐtNzZãìžpZzuZ¯äÅ^pZ{¼Ìg„ƒÔZk»
Š~Ñ~ñŽŠpZ&ÅZ+ŠN¸w垊N¸w™äzZápŠË
nÅÒò~z:áÃX)51(
%ŠÃZkÅÅZ‚ÛZöÐøzx™äÅtgÌZzgì
©]~ZkcŽÂZEwìÔZk»ÈL¯©»^eZÜóìÔT
ОÚË"»gìXŠzu}VÐ%ŠZ:¸]»™Š¶cÌ
xZEwHX‰Zz‡]¯ðßÐÊ�YDZ7
÷Ų-žAöFFЯð$CÙïwŠ� ZzgL ucscЊZÔ
YDX‚g~~%z`ZkªÓ:¿ÅDÙZgzV‚w¬kzŽ{ÐZ’ZY
ƒCˆX
½ãCÙ~YâgzVÃW�HågäzZáYâg»'×Z`
ŠðåXxZâVÃìžZLÝñVÃzÊZg¯äct
YV:Z(gHYñX-VFDÙZg‚w¬ÝñVÅZg~ZzgZg~
~ZŸ±cZ½¦Wóð»ZEwHYäÎXÆ{
Ã<ä<`Š{²áZz¦[ctZEwHX
>wŠÔË»x»7X{ŠÔÃÝx¯™»x1YYìÔžWóðÐ
gõzpÎyÔŽÑðDŠc9102Y ______________________________________ 082
ZkÆ\yYYX)61(
czgvZ÷Æzòg}~ÌìwHžz{Zkž
Ðm¸gõÐZ]»Ãðo]7MW\ZÏž
Ðm7XZ%ZrVäϽ�áŠ~7ÅÔžpZzuZƒV
g}~�gìžÑzqÑzq~tZ4ÆŒÇD¸X¸„ZÏ
ÚÐZ7ÆZ¹Yäë(ˆãòä–ìžZv¬\äZ÷
ÆzÃ�Zys~Æ´z{ZzÑŠªCÙ~ÌŶXZyÆxoZ£
åŽ�á²ZzgÎy9zi�á{»*åX)71(
ØZ@ÐtÌظìžâZ[ZzŠ|Z�á{äZK¯`~
pZzuZƒŒ¯YŠ3úŠ}g3åŽgõ~pZzuZƒVÅ
‡°{zZu¯YJA¶ZzgZyÅ-pgx:]Œ¶XZyZ�ÛZŠÃ}
%Š7¹YYX¬x%ŠÌZkq»DgƒYìXt¬xz{
Z�ÛZŠƒD�XŽaZöÆz‰Ü³7ÅY$ËZz}ƒ
Z;gñ9YwƈZyÃŒúg]¹YYìXZk»Z®g
ZìžZy»;gñ9侊{ëz{¬xâVÅ
§bZKÃWJäÅ&7X
yZzg¸~ pZzuZƒVÃegZlxª�%ŠÔ�úg]Ô
~„HYYìXZy~�%ŠÅ®ZŠ¹ÁXZZi}
Æ_.DÙZgpZzuZƒV~Ãð�%ŠìX�%Š
Kã‚ÆZ±gÐ%ŠpŠÃ%ŠÆŸ~úg]Ågzb¦g
ìXZ,Z�ÛZŠÆZñÂZ•ð¿ƒDu}ЃD
„7TÅzzÐtãWJäƇ.Þ7ƒDXŠzu~
�úg]ìTÅKã‚úgÂVÐx/ƒCÂ6~ZY
å7ƒDX‚³Z±gÐZk§bÅmzg~™zñÎ'×Åð”{®ZŠ~
182 _____________________________________ �:©ÔѦwz)b
pÅzzЃCìXVwÆ%ŠZzgúg]ÆZ%oÆË~4x
ZzgX�ÂÂ6~¿ÅZ’ZYƒCìXŠg]Æe~XZ+XZ}~
XzWðX™zñÎ'×gÇ�ZzgâŠ{Æe+XZ+XZ}~ÔX™zñÎ'×
�Z%oÆË~X™zñÎ'×»\ƒÂ±ÅaZƒCìZzg
XzWð™zñÎ'×»\ƒÂaZƒäzZѱ»X™zñÎ'×ÆZk
\~Ȩ̈bÅ"‡°ÏâñߊÅÏ~~pÑ$Ë
ìX‰Zk~™zñÎ'×Å®ZŠŠzЊ{ƒYñ‰ž
XXXXzWðXÂZ+ßg]~aZƒäzZѪCÙ~îg
±ŃÏZk»gDyZzg¬ŠZ]#³½6ƒÇªKã
±»ìÂZkŬŠ'±YV܃VÏZzgKã±ÅìÂ
Zm¬ŠZ]±ÃV܃VÏXZÏoÐZyÃè~¹
ìXpZzuZƒV~¹ÐZ,̃D�ŽžZLW\Ã�
ªCÙ7™DZzg„ŠZg~~ZKÓxZgŠï�X
pZzuZƒVÅŠ~yëyŠzZÖp»ù·Zzy
ªžz{%ŠŽZ6y™}ŠyyÐ%ZŠZ(
±»ìŽZL<gDyÐ6gƒ™½Æ¿ÐÂZL
ZñºžÍZŠêZzgpZzuZƒVz{~�áïìXt¿
Æfg)ZxÉ}»z{gÌÆ�t»xZxŠê
XpZzuZƒVÅa¶nÃZZ~ë�ÔTÅWЊzZlx�X
:ZzgŠzu~:Z,�Ãë�ŽZZŠÆâjwЃ™
ZzäspZzuZƒVϯáZzgZ(%Š&pZzuZƒV»
(Š}™Z‚B�áïXZz:~Š~�Ûttìž
:pŠpZzuZƒVz{~�áïìZzgi+AõEE
Ãt(Š}™ZL
‚B�XZ,ßvÌZZ~~�áïƒD�MVäÜscÆîg
gõzpÎyÔŽÑðDŠc9102Y ______________________________________ 282
tgzŠJgg3Qz{ßvŽ‚~ƒäzZàŠCÆË~
©wÅϬ™äZV�X
pZzuZƒVÃÒmzg~ÅzzÐ:ÂçÑ{JwZzg:ZyÆ
yzZáJw™D�XZkatßv¬xçÑ}Йá‰6
Š-V~gxI™D�X¬xâVÆ£«~ZyÅZŠZgZzggÌz
gzZ`ÌZƒD�XúgÂVŧb»]kÛžŠzu}ßÍV~
ŸiWXW:~y1s�z{ÃgÏBCXtßvÀ˜
ICVÅ^~gT�ZzgCÙIà»7gììz
Š{Š/»gZzg/g¦{¿ìXTy~tgT�ZkÃ{¹
ìXË}»z%YñÂZkÅ(z»OƒXÉ
6 ƒäzZz{Æ�zZáŠyô~gÄŠ~YCìžeû,
zÅ`7ÙÅYCì}Åf)VeìX
pzuZƒVÃçÙÒpÐ&4]~„HìXZzwÔZ÷¡Ž
žYZŠZzgËi-gZ]»â´ìZyÅ®ZŠ¹ÁìÔŠzxቡT
~z{ßv�áïƒD�Ž�áŠ~Ò{'!�ZzgŸ�ÛzÙÌ
™D�Zk6ceeZëÅZ˜bÌZEwÅYCìXÎxz{¡
Žg³™„â™ZŠ~]7g~ìXt¡g³
ÐqÝìZÏoÐZyÃ=eZë̹XpZzuZƒV %Z"3ðIGV
»t¡ŠŒÂVZzggL‰VìXtßvÎg`Ь»g
ƒ™»�ZzÎg`òWñÂtßv»7YDÔ”™D�X
¼èZ<Ø~WóðÃgzqã¢ïШHg;XZy»
ìwåž½Ðøzxƒäƈz{´ZKÏZLZÅ#Ö
ZgÃÐX|áÅWóðÅÂ�zŽŠZsxZzg·äå
ZkÅ#¿ÅìX·Š-VäâVÔYâgzVZzgTÅWóðÆ
382 ____________________________________ �:©ÔѦwz)b
܇°{‡ây7HX|]¢yñÐgzìž|]·åäÔLLz{Ž
WóðZ(ìÔz{÷~Z#Ö~Ð7óóXZsx~á]Ùäc
Üsgzi{ÅZYi]ìX
¹Ð˜´~Wóð~ZŠZâ]»zÌg„XËŠzu}Åç~
©]‡ì™äzZáÃW�åXyz*y~ZdfZ]Å
½ÐøzòÅwZÅYC¶XZk§be^C~¸â:
ZŠZÅßg]~ÌêxÃ%ŠZ:Ì]ÐøzxX¼�á„ç]
~Ì%ŠzVÃW�™Æè}¯ŠØYžz{aZ:™nXŠ�á{
psiŠ{ƒDžZyÆŒgŠZgZyÅZzÑŠÆhYò~æZì™,
ÐÂZyÆ‚BWóð»ZEw™DX
gzðgzÆ_.tЩã�ä
ZEwHåXZÚÆ7ZkäZLØCÙÆOƈªÆ¹
ÐáµY6VÃ%ŠZ:Ì]ÐøzxX)81(
pZzuZƒpŽVŠ�áƒVÆiâä~ÌY/YuZrMìXh
Š�áƒVÆ;VpŽVÅŠz9‰X
Zzw:7g}pZÎZ˜b~L¡àóë¸z{P]Æg
W¸ÔZkaL&CÐöó�gƒ‰X
Šzx:z{pZpZIecZyŠZòóÅZ˜b
Hg¶Xz{P]ÆÛzãŠgzZizÜsâVÅ#ÖxŠï¸XZ7
À˜g~óåX)91(
pZzuZZzgZsòx]:
Z�ZxWŠèÐ0ZstZßwzäìžÓßv~
�XŒÛWyœÓxâVŒÛZgŠêìZzg¾òÑsz³]
gõzpÎyÔŽÑðDŠc9102Y ______________________________________ 482
ŒÛZgŠêìX�ZyÆ‚BÃðzŠC7ìÉZyÅWiâö
ìXgÎwZvåä[ÁZߊZqÆ�g{mžZ}ßÍVvgZg[
Zzgv\„ìÔÂ˲!ZzgËQòÔËÍg}û
Zzg»áÃÍgâÎZñ¾òÅÃð¤qÝ7X)~»t
ZßwZsÆt)zZ]ŠìXZyÆ‚B¡ËKãmzg~
ÅË»ZqÐi~|u7g3YñÇXÒ$zg~»ÈtÂ7
žÃð»g{ìXgzi%{Ï~x@{HYYžË¿~
»x™äÅ&7ƒCŠzu}»x™äÅ&gzZñŽŠ
ƒCìXÅ<å XEZZsx:ÜsÓâVÆ‚Bgzt4™äÅì
ÉçZ°Åè#ÖìZzg�ÛŠÆf)Šzu}�ÛŠÆŽ£t
�ÔZ7ZŠZ™ä»ŠêìXZsxä:Üs£tÅZŠZizÉ
Zke~Zܹ]ÌŠ~�XZsxäZLcz»gzVÃZKiÏ~
ZkŸ‚ZÜtÃZ(g™ä»ìXT»ZßwŒÛWy™*ÅÎg>
ZÆZ]~Zk§bÒyƒZX
À:Ë}ÄZxÐ:ågzXZZyÑäÆ}ZØ[
)12( ÐZ»ìX
Igž~Ë¿ÃZkKã±gx³gäÐH èÃg{
ìX}ËÃßAÔ6ZÔJÔÆZÔ�ZÄZzxìZzgZ•ð�
÷ìÔ£iãøg}çÑ}ŬxZÜZðZz~¬Š]ìXZ]
TÐËÅŠwWiZg~ƒÔZkÅñИìXŒÛWy™*äZdZzgZ²`
»ÂÜsZkßg]~ZEwHìmzgZ�ÛZŠÆ‚BßÍVÆ
{mÆgzt„°ŠåXZ,ZÖpZzgÜ]XÐZYZzg‡.Þ
g3kZzg›g]z]»ZÖgìZyÐZA[ecXŒÛWy™*ä
mzgZ�ÛZŠcŽZ˜q]Å�z{ÜsZ�ÛZŠÆKã±gÃÒy7
582 ____________________________________ �:©ÔѦwz)b
™'Kãmz$zg~ů)ZqÐi~|uZsòx°w
Æo°ìX
°wçÑ{ÆCÙ )22( °wZzgZˆy»¬ŒÛWy™*~‚ìX
�ÛŠ»Š~hìpZˆyÜsZyßÍV»hìŽZˆyÆ��Zzg
ZkÆ�z{ßv�ŽËŠâKã¬g£ÅzzÐÆZgä
ЇÜ�XZ,Z�ÛZŠÃÏÅ]œ1â]]zZâY�ÛZë
ìX%ûƒZbmZ?xägÎwZvå Åf)ŠZg~ çÑ}ZzgÓ#Ö
Ð7YžZˆyHì?ÂWåäŽZ[~ZˆyÄŠ]ŒÛZìX)32(
ZϧbZsä„zgZÆZßw~Ì°wzZˆyƧi¿Ã
7g3ìZŠž~äzZáYÃŒÛWy™*ägYw
ZzYÆZÖpШHìXgYwZzY½ÆZ±gЬx�X˜V
N»mìÂZyÆe~z¤ÅY$ËìXŒÛWyœ~Æ
ŽZiƇ9Æ_.z¤ÆiZ:tŸßg]ìž
Y~ÐÃðZëzZg_zgZÅѦ„~ƒg;ƒÂ,g·Æ
Zycz¤™Š~Yñ})›zZ+ÔdZzgNÂz){XZˆk
øzòZzgZˆk²~~2Z,ßvZˆyÆŠ{��XZs
äñ¬)»Žx”gsìZk~çÙøzxZ�ÛZŠÅñ
ZzgbàŠ~f)ŠZg~Ó#ÖZzgçÑ{Æ4ŠÅXgÎwZvå䎿
eLìžZkÆgitZzg/Š~YñÂZÐecžz{,g·
™}X)42(Zzgtßv,g·ÆŠ{��X$zgZ�ÛZŠÆe~
gÎwZvåÅx]øg}aÄgZ{�XZyÅM³]Zzg
git~¤ŠÏ»ìX|]Ä0z‡mñÒy™D�žgÎwZvåä
ž?Î抃Cgzi~Qìz{$zgßÍVÅzzÐ
ìX)52(
gõzpÎyÔŽÑðDŠc9102Y ______________________________________ 682
�ÅѦwz)b
�Åi
N~ìÔZknz{ZâxÆú
ic9ZƒÇÂ%ŠzVZzgúgÂVÆŠgxye{�~9ZƒÇZzgpZ&Å
§bƒ{™}ÇX)62(Zâx·ò�ÛâD�ž{žz{¤q
Æ‚BiZŠZ™}Zkä%¤qÆiZŠZÅÂZä»7¹
YñÇp�gZd-B5éGE[Z(HÌYYNèÃg{ŒZÅ5Òð ErZzgWiZŠƒ
ZzgZkÅ/ZkŠgƒìžŽÑ¦ÍìZzgZk~%ŠzVZzg
úgÂVÅÃð´#ÖªCÙ7ƒðÂZkÅi%¤qÆ7ƒÏXN
Zk Âci-~ëz{Zâ#Ö7™YZzg:„z{
ÅŠ™YìX)72(ZkažgÎwZvåäži-âÎZñ ¿
ÝxÔúg]Ô^Zzg%!ÆÓx›âzZìX)82(
�ÅZâ#Ö
�ÅZâ#Ö9ëZkÃZ+w»]Ãghä»
YñÇZzgZyÆghÈHYñÇz{ZkÆgh
Šg]:ƒÂZÃð#Ö7Yy1ú™¯z^Z(g™áÂz{
{ÇgzÃÉìX/g�ñ™Zx)ñ—{ìZzg
ÃÉÅZâ#Öz{Zkä)™zZŠ~ÂiƒÏX)92(
Z%ËäæuÔúgNÂÅZMZY~iZŠZÅÂz{ZKi»
Z¬Š{™}X)03(Zâxgg~òäZâxiCÙ~ò»¸wHžøg~tgZñ7
ìž�ÅZMZY~iZŠZÅYñÔËZ+zzqz¢zg]Å
zzÐZkÃŒÛZX)13(NÂT§b¬xßÍVÅZâ#Ö7
™zZYZϧbz{ZL„‰NÅÌZâ#Ö7™zZYÔZkaž
782 ____________________________________ �:©ÔѦwz)b
Zâxúg]ZzgÇ~%ŠƒX)ëNÂúgÂVÅZâ#Ö™zZYìZzgZâ#Ö
cz{úgÂVÐWÐ�~9ZƒÇXZkÆ%Šzúg]ƒä~
ìZknz{úgÂVÆŠgxy~9ZƒÇÂëƒÏX)33(÷
È~Gƒñ¿ÅZâ#ÖÆe~�ñ™ZxÅgZñtìž÷È~
™ÆˆÌWŠò%Š¹gLìÔúg�Ƭ~7XZk
nZâ#ÖÆX~ÌZkÆZ©x%ŠzVÆ�XZkÅZâ#ÖŠZzg
ZkÅ÷È~ƒUňìÂZk»Ãð]gÌ7ZzZkä
ZipŸzgÉŃÂñ[ìXÂ/ZzZ#Öƈ™Z>Ø»ƒYñ
ÏX÷Zzg»Zv~ìÔZknÃɃä
:ƒZkÅZâ#Öz{ƒÏX
�»ZwZx
ZwZ~%ŠZy÷Zzgúg'÷ƒñÀ}Û�XZyÐÀzV~
,U»6gLìXZkn�g}~Zâx·ò�ÛâD�žz{
pZ&»]kêYVžz{,ÃZh§bìÔZzgZkc¢zg~ìž
f~g3øxÆ‚BѦ^™}X)43(
�ÅzgZ
Z0°~ä»ï~Z0„kÐgzÒyÅìžgÎwZvåÐN
Å÷Z_g}~ÄHÂW\䞘VÐ[™}
ÇÔZZ±gƒÇX†Z°iZtäÌZÂ[ZÅ.{3ýE~|]ZñÐZϧb
gzÅ잊zâV(Ð[ì˜VÐ[ì
ZkW!»Z±gHYñÇX)53(t5mZ%ptƒžz{
N%Šúg]ÂZ+ßg]~Zz»�ìwHYñÇ
%ŠŒÛZgŠ¶Åßg]~zÁMìÂ%ŠŒÛZYñÇÔZzgúg]ŒÛZg
gõzpÎyÔŽÑðDŠc9102Y ______________________________________ 882
Š¶ÐzÁMÂZkÃúg]ŒÛZYñÇXtZâxZ1�»è<Ø
ìX™854èEGE̸UgìXZzgZÒô/Ð̸®wìžN
ÂcT~Zk»vyƒz„Zk»zìXZ%Zâx^š-öIEò%Šzúg]
ŠzâVÆ”wæ™ÆZk»zŠßZD�Ôp:òZâxZ1�Æ
ìX)63(
�»Zbúg]ŧsŠ9
ßg]ÂtìžZ(�TÃúgÂVÆç]~gɃÂZk
ÆçiƒäZzgZyŧsŠÚÅw#Ö~ÃðZ%s7
ìX)73(Šzu~ßg]~tìžÃð¿�ƒZzgZÐúgÂV~Ãð
Šp:ƒÂZkg}~Šz¸w�Zzitžâɽ0îGÔ¦¨Zzg‰Ãät
¥ôÅìžúgÂVÅxu™ZkÃgÁŠ~YñÏZzgZk
ÆúgÂVŧsŠÚ~ÌÃðw`7X)83(
�»f�ZzgZk»ƒZ
Z¦szZã�Æf�ÆŽZiƇb�X)93(Zzgâɽ0îGÆ
ÃÉ»fz{ìX)04(ØZöÃÉÆf�Ã9Ѧf�Ñg
HìX)14(ÂN»fgzZzà'wìX²¦¨ÃÉ
»f�IbìZzgªCÙt»Ì¸è<ØìX)24(qݯxtìž/g
�ñ™Zx�Æf�ÆIbƒäƇb�ÔâÎZñ‰�ñâɽ0îG
ÆžZz{Y�Zzg™Z>ØŽZiÆo°7ìX
�ÅÍZ„
NÂÅÍZ„ìÔt'-.ç EEE!úg]ÆZknuzŠŸm
~ZkÅÍZ„x7ìX)34(�ñZ¦sZ,�ÅÍZ„Jw
982 ____________________________________ �:©ÔѦwz)b
7ÅYñÏTÅW~¯zKúgÂVÐUòZzg
ZY~e¡6ƒË�ÅWZzgZY~Eîg
ƒZzgz{ZdÆ‚B�gÌ:ƒÂz{=wZÅg<é IXŠ>Zzg¬ŠwìX)44(
ØZ«Zzg¦¨ë�žúgÂVÐUwZZknZkÅÍZ„ÃgŠH
%ZŠ7ìXNÅÍZ„ U Ô8 U YñÇX$h4->îGIEGXÐ%ZŠ�U
Ь7ƈÌZkÅ|zZã:ƒÂ
ßg]qwzZãƒäÍZ„ÃJw™ä~Â�HYñÇX)54(&CÒð EŠ°
Z©sÆK~¬ŒÛWãÆ¿™DƒñoÎñÂ
ZkÅÍZ„ÌJw7ÅYñÏX
�»ïbZzg´Z©x
N~%ŠZ:Zz™sÆgЪÐZkÆ
zZ+äZk»ïbËúg%ŠÐÂtïb9ë|Æ
zZãƒätïbñsgìÇZzgŠzâVŠzu}ÆzZg_Ì7ƒV
ÐXNèÃg»qwzZãƒäƈZk»zZZk»ïbËúg]Ð
™Š}ZzgQƈz{Zkúg]ÐIÑ]:™eÂZЬx%ŠzVÅ
§b‚wÅúŠ~YñÏX)64(
NÂŽŒZÅ5Òð ErìZzgZL„‰NÂÐZk
ïb™1žZy~Ð%ŠZzgŠzuZúg]XŠzâVÅ|ƒä
tïbñ�gìÇz{ŠzâV%ŠÌ�Zzgúg]ÌZDw
»ƒäЬ„Zy~лZÙwÂ{%äzZá»zZg_
7ƒÇXt¥x:ƒžŠzâVÂ�ÂZy»ïbƒÇÆotžZy
»tïbZyŠzâV\äHƒXZknž�Û&ÆzZä%ŠZzg
Šzu}äúg]ƒäŸŠ~ìZzgZyŸѦ=wìXÅ<å XEZ
gõzpÎyÔŽÑðDŠc9102Y ______________________________________ 092
ZkÆÜsªCÙ:ƒÂZk¸ÅïbÆ9ƒä»¬YñÇX
ŠzâVÆzZ+»ZÙwZzgQz{pŠ%‰ZzgCÙÆzZg_äÍZ{
‡ì™nž÷Z¸g_ØCÙZzgŠzuZúg]izzåÂZk¬7
YñÇX�Û&ÆÍZ{¬‡ìƒñZzgZyÆñZ¬¬ÔQŠzu}
�Û&ÆÍZ{q¢ƒñŠzu}�Û&ÆëƒYÐZzgª¬,Y
bwZgÇX)74(
âɽ0îGN»ZLéŠzu}Ð�áŠ~9ìXZk»
ïëìZg»y-~ÐZgÁ~—haZZzgz{
~л%ŠZzgŠzu}»úg]X�áŠ~ëì +
Q:$zZìZzg:„ìXïb„ÜsÑbƒÇ
ÂZyÆŠgxy¢g‰Üƈ:°]ìZzg:„w#ÖrgƒC
ìZzgtZ(ž¼ƒZ„7ìX
Ë%Šäá]ÐËN»1�á1ÂZkÅ|qw
zZãƒäZk%Š»NÂÅâVÐïb'w7ìËWŠò
äZKç~Ã:tŠ¶Ån3ðZzg¹žÂ±ÅÃÏÂN:tZzg
úg]äNÂÃX�Å|qwzZãƒäZkÃ:tzZµ
7ƒÏX)84(
�»úg]ƒä»ZŒÛZg
ª|qwzZãƒäÐIÃð�ZLúg]ƒä
Ð0pŠZŒÛZg™}ÂZk»tZ‹Z°Òy‡.ÞJw7ƒÇX
:ƒYñžz{�NÂìÂZkÆúg]ƒäÐ0ZkÆ
zZ»ÒyJwHYñÇXZϧbzZÅ°xñŽŠÏ~ŒZÅ5Òð Er�Æ
g}~ZkÆzàÆZŒÛZgÃZkÆh~JwHYñÇÔZ%Zk»N
192 _____________________________________ �:©ÔѦwz)b
Â¥xzczsƒÂZkÆh~zàÆÒyÃJwHYñÇZzg
NÂÆ]Z©ÇƒVÐXË¿g}~t¥xƒžz{
NìZzgZke~ÍZ{̇ìƒ`�ÂZ,N»ZL
úg]ƒäÐ0Šúò»Z±g7HYñÇX)94(
N»<ZzgóŠ®
�Z�ÛZŠ»Iìžñ]ŒWCìÂZyÃè^
ìXñ]ÐIZys~ŠgŠÑzq쎞‚g}Ÿ~’
ìXW`t7ƒZžËÃtŠgŠƒZƒZzgz{{$ƒXZ%t7¹
YYžZkŠgŠÆƒäƈz{X{gÇXpZzuZƒV~Ãð
%ìÂÓx�7g~§b»gƒ™ZkÅWD�Zzgp[
Zzgâ?™D�X%äzZáÆ‚B‚Š{ÀzV~YD�XpZzuZƒVÅ
g9ƒC�XX~èZÔyZzgZZ~�áï�X¹
žÃy�¯]ƒYñÂZÐgZ]ƃ}~~
yÅ:Âi»iSYCìZzg:„ZkÅG»
ìZ%ZZ~�Åi»i{̃CìZzgZЊyÅgzÝ~ìX
�Ìy„�Zzgz{Ì%ŠzVZzgúgÂVŧbZ©xÑ<Æ
��XZ%‰%ŠzVzúgÂVÆZ©x~�ÛtìZϧbNL%ŠÆ
¬~ƒD�ZzgLúgÂVÆZzgL%Šzúg]ÆA¥Z©xƃD
�ZzgŽÌZ©Ñ<»�ìÔ[zÂ[ZzgNZ[z�[ZyÐ0
ƒÇÔZkn]~NÆ‚B̈[ZzZY»çnƒÇúg]
ƒäÅ|zZãƒäЬ�»ZÙwƒYñÂZÐ:%Š<Š}
Zzg:úg]ÔÉZг™YñÇZzg³™zZäzZÑÃðZbìÂz{
‘г™zZñÇZzgz{Zk»f~g3øxì‘Ƴ™zZñ
gõzpÎyÔŽÑðDŠc9102Y ______________________________________ 292
ÇXt¼ZkzzÐìžz{‡.Þá]:ƒ¯]”{�^ìÂ
eìZÐ%Š<Šúg]ÔZk~Ãðw`7X)05(
Zâxu8göE
òä¥ôÅìž%ŠzVÔúgÂVÔ”VZzgNÂÅZ½¦
i»i{ZŠZÅYñÂZâxƌЬ%ŠQ^NZzgQúg]Å
èÃg3YñX)15(ZϧbZ½@ÅWñÂÃèÃg{
ЂŌÅÒpЊ®HYñÇZzgÆŠgxyèÐ
bHYñÇX)25(¬x›âVŧbZyÅi»i{ZŠZÅYñÏZ% Š{q
%äzZá�»%Šzúg]zZã7ìÂZúgÂVÆZ©xÑ̓V
ÐXZ7›âVÆG*y~Š®HYñÇZzgŠ¬ñn]ÌÅYñÏX
uzŠŸm~�Å!iíq
Zsx»'×Z`wZƒVÆf»7ìɼŠmÐ]zZãƒC
ìžZsx,zgZzŠ{7ÙŽŠêìëËÃçÑCâjZ[
™äÅZYi]Ì7ŠêX–æZzgŠ«µ]ÆZßwÆ�Zs
~uzŠZ]»¬ŠÑ:xzäHìŽZsÆCÙ�ÑÍ
ìXuzŠÆe~gÎwZvåÅZßàgÉðtìžuzŠÃµÅ
‚ŽYñZzgZâx»çs™ä~twZŠ¶~tÐ4
ìX)35(xÅâÎÆZ±gÐuzŠzñgZ]»fHYñÇXÅ<å XEZ
.ö �¿¸xßo»Zg‚[™}ÇÂgÎwZvåÆZg�áŠIguÆ_
ZzgBwŠzâVÃOYñÇX)45(
ËäNÐoª‹sÎZkäË
¿Ã!¨åGEzsHŠzâVßgÂV~‡fuÇ7ƒÏXZkn
‡fs�ì°xÅzzÐ%qZÌìZzg‡fsÃð%ŠìÂ
392 ____________________________________ �:©ÔѦwz)b
ZZkzzÐÇ7ƒ$ËžuzfcZyyÅÑo»7gZÑix
ì²�°xÅzzÐ)&B{èEì�äƈp
%ŠZ:Zz™sÆgЬËÃ!¨åGEzsZË¿ä‹s
ÎðÂЬZzgZkƈu7ÎðYñÏXZknžZk
Æ%ŠZzgúg]ƒä~—ìÂz{%ŠÂ'-.ç EEE!6[ìZzúg]
Âz{'-.ç EEE!g»YÆXÅ<å XEZŽ¿6[g»Yúg‹sÎñÂZk
uzZ7ƒÏXNpŠ‡fsÂЋs™u
zZ7ƒÏžÆˆzZƒÏ6ÚìX
‹sÎñÂZu»fHYñÇ�äƈ
ag~ÅÂZuzZƒÏZzgËŠzu}äZk»ag~Æ[Aâw
Âag»;YñÇXNÚƒäZzgZk»qwªCÙƒäЬ
ËäZk»;B»^eZÑÂZkÆ;B»UzZŸmÑix7
ƒÇÔgsZkÆžËä�Ã�UO‡ŸmzZ
ƒÇË�ä�UË»;B»ÂZŸmOñZglzZƒÇX
Z%Zzg|UЬÂZgl�ŬƒÏZzgÆ
ˆZkÆfZCâwÐZŠZÅYñÏX)55(
½ÆˆÑ¦Z©x
ñŽŠŠzg~p½Æ»x[GYgì�XZkßg]qw
z{Ë ? ~¼ÎZÑ]aZƒD�±»±Å0YñÂZk»,HƒÇ
^™nøx»‚B¢zg~ƒÇ?i~z{%ŠzV9~
?%ŠzVÅZâ#ÖZkc7?i-gZ]<ZzgÎä»ZEw
Zzgtž÷Z_ ? Zkc7?Zk»ïb%ŠÐúg]Ð
~ZkÃ%ŠƒäÆÒpÐzAúg]ƒäÆÒpÐ?
gõzpÎyÔŽÑðDŠc9102Y ______________________________________ 492
ZkK~Zß]tžååúg]»ZK½
p™ZwZxZzg{Ë%Šg:Kã´â]ƒVÔ
Zyû™Æå%ŠYËúg]g¼%ŠZ:Kã´â]ƒV
ZzgZk™Æåúg]YZk~ŠzâV§bÅ
ƒVÔTÃNÂë�ZzÆfg=å½YñÔ
Zk~½¸ƒYñÔYVžtßg'´`Å�Zkatßg'
�X|tìžyÃZÝ7Ò©ïELGGÆZ±gÐ%Še
úg]Z(7ìÂz{%!ZzgFg~»´`‰qÑ]~
zZÔ‰qÑ]~ÁZiÁìXŠzuZZßwtìžÃð¿pZ{
C»ƒpz{¿zŽŠ~WYñÂZk¿Ð0ѦZ©x
ZƒD�XŠZZßwtìžÃËÚÅ|
wYñÂZ‚—|ÆZ©xYg~7ƒDÉñŽŠ{|ÆZ©x
Yg~ƒD�XZ%Z]Åïƒãcžp½ÅzzÐy
~åŠzu~½ÅS¤WYC7XzZªZ+WYCì
ÂZ[Zps”{½Æ_.Z©xYg~ƒVÐúg]å%Š
0YñÂÓxZ©x%ŠÆYg~ƒVÐX÷Z_~ñg_ÆZÙwÆz‰Ü
Ū»Z±gƒÇÔVwÆñg_»ZÙwZkz‰ÜƒZz{
úg]¶ZzgŠzu}ñg_»ZÙwZkz‰ÜƒZz{%Š0_¶Â¬ñg_
ž~ZÐúg]ƒäÅwÐ÷Z_AÏZzgŠzu}ñg_Æ
ž~%ŠƒäÅwÐXZyÅŠ?tìžZ±gñŽŠ{|»
ìÔ®ZŽbÅïGLñŽŠ{%ŠìÔz{Ñ<ÆZyZzZ%zâZ„Å#¥ìÔX~
úgÂVÐæ[HìX)65(
592 ____________________________________ �:©ÔѦwz)b
pZzuZƒVÆ£tÐ0ZŠZâ]z
pZzuZƒVcÂz{�X»ZsòZ©xÅgzÝ~}Zsò
ÆŠzg²z`~çƒZìZzgW`ÆŠzg~6Zi~‰qzV
Å”]Тzg]CkÅYg„ìXZkâqÆZ�ÛZ‚ÐÂzŠ~
Yñºm&Æ´¹‚g}Zñg~ZyÐZk§b»xa
Y�T§b¬x%ŠZ»ñVÊêpZ\kÆ‚B
ìž›âVÆŠzgÓ#Ö~ZyÃgZzy{âVÆŠgxy
�xg‚ãcZEwHÔg-Vg{Šg-V~GzŒÅÀzZà
¹EV~™ŠZQêzVZzgñZg³zaç NzŠcZEwH
XZ+ñVÅZyÃÃðy~ZzgpŠZ®g~»™ŠZg:ïeXËÌ
¸xÅy¹~ZzA™ŠZg½»ìX½ËKã±gûÂ7™$Ë
Z%ZˆkøzòÃÁ¢zg™CìXZyßÍV~Ì&ñŽŠƒCìX½z
ZzgZiZŠZg}Zy&6VÃZ™D�ZzgZk§btZ�ÛZŠÆZzg
»gWæà~0™çÑ}Åy¹~Z뙊ZgZŠZ™D�X½y»
Š~hìpËmzg~Åßg]~thÃëìX¨ù¦
øg~tf)ŠZg~ìžëZ�ÛZŠÃZyÆZkhÐøzx:™,ZzgZyÅÒ
$zg~Ôw½~g»z^:Š,ZzgZyÆ‚B)ZqÐi~|u
YñX‡ây‚iZŠZgzV~¡Zzg´‘ÅÒÏZknƒCìžz{ZL
ßÍVÆ)bÃY�XZ¼Æßv„Z¼Æ)bÃB�ZzgZÏ
§bZy»çnìX)bů„‡âyìÔÅ<å XEZ‡ây‚i~~
pZzuZƒVÅËq¢zg~ìZzg¨úZxtZy»hìžZyÃÒÏŠ~
Yñ¬xßvZk1Š{ZˆkÃ7YyX‡ây‚i~ÆZkhÃ
Óx(Ï)oVÃZLšgZzgZsò/gÎyÆW~ec
gõzpÎyÔŽÑðDŠc9102Y ______________________________________ 692
ZzgZ7¸ò(ÆŠJg}~�áïecX
¬x�”VÅßÍVÆyYD�ZzgIg·ŠŠ}™
â_�XËÆy^aZƒpZzuZƒV»IŠŠbZzggziÇgÂ
¬xìXpZzuZƒVÃZÏîg”VÃâV»ŠzŠ|öäZzg3ÏZä(
cZEwHYYìX#ZñVcZyÅY$ËìXZ7ip
z^Å¡g}~�xàäcZEwHYYìXTy~^
aZƒÇpZzuZƒVÅšz;VY™oÇñXXÆ1wfgZZƒVZzgZy
Æfg)YñžÃâV»ŠzŠ|Š,Zzgipc9½ZHX¬x
pZzuZƒVŽ»Ãðx7XZka}ãzg»
ÃðZEw7Ó#ÖeìÂpZzuZƒVŽ»ëwZOx
™ÆZ7çÑCŠJg}~�áïHYYXhßV~Zy�»
»x1YY2tßv7CÆ{Øî~™ŠZgZŠZ�Xøg}
çÑ}»ZZ˜tìžZ�ZxWŠè7g;XZyßÍVg}~
�gìžtçÑ}~JÙ;ä»fg=�žtçÑ}~
¼%æEN}»ñV»fg=�pZðÌZÏçÑ}„ÅaZzZgìXZy
ÅtŠ~½Z7n~¬ŠZ6g7™CÉçÑ{„ÆPßvZ7
Zk§sâb™D�ZzggCgCtZЬŠ]Zzg&¯�Xøg}
çÑ}äZyßÍCÙnÆgziÇgÆŠgzZi}È™gÇ�XQZyÆ
k™äÃz„¼g{ìŽz{™gì�Xmzg
ÂZk~Zk»Ãð]g7ìX:ZkÅŠƒãecZzg:„
ZÏÆŠgzZi}È™äe�»‡ây
ecXÓ#ÖÃcžZyÅÑg~ƈZyÅ®ZŠ»ç™}ZzgQZy
cZŠZg{YñZzg-–HYñÔZk-ÐgKVZzg
»g{äΙZyÐz;V»x1YñXTá~ZyÃZÚ…Ažt
792 ____________________________________ �:©ÔѦwz)b
Zk§bvÃVZzgyyY™„:â4Zzg³]ÐZLgziÇgÐZg
¬™ÃX„ZyÅçÑ}~³]Ìbwƒ$ËìZzgtZC£Ì¯
�Xù¦úZx»gzkxj,Z‚ÛZðÁZzgj,(˙今{
ìX4*ÃgWÎyäZyŠ~hZzgzZ~Zy»zŠ¶Zzg
Zk§b'�áïÅ�XZk‡ây‚i~ÐZ]Ÿ~Zy
ìžpZzuZƒVŠ~£tïÃÐÔTÐZyƧiçÑ]~µ
pWnÏX
jZ!Y]ç1X
6848XŠZgZsÃtZ>Ô
X
2004âYÔm�253
ÔZØñkZÔZŠZgZsx]ÔуgÔm1124 ‡Š X
Z#èEEL+ÔgŠZêgZZgZêgÔŠZgZÑ�á™Zc1999âYÔ`5Ôm465 4X
ÔŠa 5X
Ã{:™ZcÔ2001âYÔ`2Ôm874
ÝsZ°9.è WEÔeZËÔù·¸ZZsÔZŠZg{î]ZsòZsŠÔm5Ô1988âY 6X
ÔŠZgZËÔ1983âYÔg¶ 7X
5546Ô5&2207
8X
Ô1973âYÔ6&1X
íÔ„Z°æÔ1995âY 9X
m124Ô2
ÔŠZgZZÅ›Ð.0îGGÛz]Ô1406|&1986YÔ16&471
,·Ô1895âYÔŠi633X 01X
11X
2 ŠZgZËÉÒ‹5éE”îGzZÉ4lçEI
zZpi#ÔÛz]Ô1421|&2000YÔ10&27
21X
gõzpÎyÔŽÑðDŠc9102Y ______________________________________ 892
Ô!íbk0îGZÅ\Ô22&273X
31X
Ô1377&1958YÔ4&430X
41X
1405|Ô
7&462X
Ôm20X19 2015 ÔŠ~½Ô6;ƒkÔуgÔ �a Zº@ 51X
e$g.5å GEHñgk):Zg”Ñi~(Ôóg�á]ÔуgÔ2001Ôm47 61X
�ÐZ£)(ÔZ%~ÆzÔóg�á]ÔDiÔуgÔ2007Ôm58 71X
�aÔZ½Ôm24X23 81X
1 Ô` 1987 ZgŠzYeÔ�ÝxZZhуgÔ 91X
Z£0ÔµZâxZ£ÔïZÑgâzoÔ!íbk0îGZ°‚ÈîGÛz]Ô1999âYÔg¶23489 02X
ZÆZ]11:49 12X
Zì90:16 22X
ÔŠaÃ{:™Zc1999âYÔg¶ 32X
4697Ô4&359X
Ô2002YÔm 42X
1847X
2509Ô3&943X 52X
265X 62X
Ô30&197X 72X
1069Ô&412X 82X
14X 92X
03X
Ô1413|&1993YÔ1&29X
13X
663Ô1&246X
23X
1406|&1986YÔ1&628X
33X
Ô1310|Ô3&135X
Ô30&193X 43X
992 ____________________________________ �:©ÔѦwz)b
Ô30&186X 53X
633X 63X
73X
1985¼LÔ22&222X
Ô10&272 83X
93X
Ô5&258X
04X
4&328X
14X
9&77
24X
Ô1405|Ô11&55X
Ô25&346X 34X
Ô5&450X 44X
6&438X 54X
64X
Ô3&352X
74X
1422|&2002YÔ22&337 2241
Ôm265X 84X
Ô30&208X 94X
Ô3&407X 05X
Ô2&117X 15X
Ô30&195X 25X
35X
Ô4&33X
4464Ô4&269X 45X
Ô6&437X 55X
65X
gõzpÎyÔŽÑðDŠc9102Y ______________________________________ 003