l…æ^ Ú‹×r - nihcr altaf sb/15. pakistan... · {^,yq-z »gzz Šz zÆŒ0*zg{ÅyÎ0* (y19 47 dy...
TRANSCRIPT
Úr׋Ú�^æ…l
6,zWeZËZg”Zsx /%@*gõzÕyÔZÚDZsò-Eg;ÔÃZщgÔ5.YX
eZ˦Zë@ /6,zWÔZ·�Ô‘$4542.ç GEGHGE»ÒWsWgFZh{iÔŠ~-Eg;WsI7zÔZ%MX
eZËZZÔ /œgÔ%@*gõÔZ¥/|›-Eg;ÔZ&+c*X
eZËZÒ] /œgÔ%ZgŠzÔéZy-Eg;ÔéZyÔZk,ZyX
6,zWeZËZű /6.5Òï XEH-Eg;Ô*X
6,zWÎF,~Ñd- î G /
R,ÈZy-Eg;ÔjzÔ{Cw
6,zWeZË÷á@œj /zZõe·´)ZDwZz6-Eg;ÔZsxW!*ŠX
i™c*zgu /Zz†g-Ô|ZX
6,zWeZ˱u`Zd /e+ÚWsWgFZhƒ$4542.ç GEGHGE-Eg;Ws?zgX
6,zWeZËgÄÎ: /zZõe·ÔLïyz-Eg;Ô?zgX
eZËÝx‡Ì%z] /eZ],IÔ;JZ�måiR,“ZOò
(ÔÍgWs6JéZÔ HETTA)?zgX
6,zWì·o /‚.gIÎZÑZòZsò-Eg;ÔZsxW!*Šz‚.ç}Çg{òi!*yÔZsxW!*ŠX
eZËÐZº /‚.6,±g^aSÔòZŠZg{',Zñï@*gõzpÄÔ%œ/¤Ô‡Z+ZW-Eg;ÔZsxW!*ŠX
±gZz‡g /‚.‘g^aSÔòZŠZg{',Zñï@*gõzpÄÔ%œ/¤Ô‡Z+ZW-Eg;ÔZsxW!*ŠX
3File D:\d\Urdu Work\Journals\53 - April-September
2016\TITLE-MUJALA.jpg not found.
Dâga7102Y 6102Y ZÆ',
¦/§]
·¡a{zg" : Zf,¬]
·ÐÔgZî¤CÙ@ : D+z+»g
¦‚¾„kZã : 6,zspZã
iZ@/Zy : zgt u ìi8-B
¸òZŠZg{',Zñï@*gõzpÄÔ%°æEL¤Ô : **Ñ
‡Z+ZW-Eg;)EÓ(ÔZsxW!*ŠX
gzqãWg^6,öÔ,ðöi{ÔÚZk,c*ÔZsxW!*ŠX : -
001gz9 : 7
File D:\d\Urdu Work\Journals\53 - April-September 2016\logo.jpg notfound.
ÔZsxW!*Š 1230 7†…�[email protected] Z~é
www.nihcr.edu.pk zd$‚V$
qgY]
Dâga7102Y 6102Y ZÆ', ¢72ÔÑg{2ÔÑg{Ú457D03 6,zWgc*n@Ô«YZv÷á{ ’q-0*Îy~DÙZg{»™ŠZg 1X
Zjjîy~!›Ð)4èGEyÅ}.â] 2X
13D04 eZËâgZÑ}ÔeZË·ÃW�Ûh+~14D26 eZË×e$Zv©! !!!5é NEgāZzgJyDh©] 3X
ZºgÎw1Š!âW!*Šc*CÑàyz*y~›Ù|#ÅycZ
+A.èE
EEL7åENZÄ~»™ŠZg 4X36D47 ·Z',Zg¼g
0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒÆZZŠzZg»Zq-Y,{)6102YD7491Y( 5X57D001 eZËag!BeZËZ®sZv
@)zZ]:@*g]Úø~fZ!Sà�ñy 6X101D911 eZËÝxÃgzt�aBeZËG{Ô
WiZŠ„²ZV»${ðG
Og:´)·ZDwÆìÑ]zZ°g»‹t 7X121D931 eZË·gçZyÔeZËÎyúŠ
{y†Z/{y){yL(Å_g0+ZãZŠ!}.â] 8X141D941 eZËâgZÅ3¸ç EZð
(„~÷_j),æ»™ŠZg: F,¹I �ñyÅ 9X151D951 eZËÉWzg{yÔeZË°w; Zq-Y,{Zzg‹t161D461 £!ógzVÆa@Zc*] /
ZkÑg}ÆÑ»Y
%_·0*ÎyÔÍg7†¤/�f$»ÒÔâù{X 6,zWgc*n@ /
Zk6,zWÔ%QgŠzÔÍg7†¤/�f$»ÒÔâù{X «YZv÷á{ /
Zk6,zWÔ%_·0*ÎyÔZsð»Ò-Eg;?zgX eZËâgZÑ} /
6,zWÔe6g¹Ws;JZ�mÔÍgWs6JéZX eZË·ÃW�Ûh+~ /
g^aSÔòZŠZg{',Zñ+B©3þGG
GL@*gõzpÄÔ‡Z+ZW-Eg;ÔZsxW!*ŠX ©! eZË×e$Zv /
g^aSÔòZŠZg{',Zñ+B©3þGG
GL@*gõzpÄÔ‡Z+ZW-Eg;ÔZsxW!*ŠX ZºgÎw1Š! /
Zk6,zWÔ%@*gõÔ-Eg;WsuÍŠJX ·Z',Zg¼g /
Zk6,zWÔ%_·0*ÎyÔD-Eg;Wsâegy eZËag! /
ZsxW!*ŠX (NUML) É45½ð GEY+?ç GEE
g^aSÔòZŠZg{',Zñ+B©3þGG
GL@*gõzpÄÔ‡Z+ZW-Eg;ÔZsxW!*ŠX eZËZ®sZv /
Zk6,zW)@*gõ(Ô%œ/_Åœî0�ñyÔYe�ñyÔÃ@X eZËÝxÃgzt�a /
Zk6,zWBç6,ÍÔ%@*gõÔYe�ñyÔÃ@X eZËG{Ô /
Zk6,zWÔZPMW!*Š-Eg;Ws‚bZh(ßYX eZË·gçZy /
Zk6,zWÔZPMW!*Š-Eg;Ws‚bZh(ßYX eZËÎyúŠ /
Zk6,zWÔ%_Ye5,Ô�g{Ô6JéZX eZËâgZÅ3¸ç EZð /
ÚWsZöZöZ*ZhWðK´-Eg;WsZvêÔ eZËÉWzg{y /
ZzìÔÔ�ñyÔ0*ÎyX zZR,Zh÷+‚®Ô
eZË°w; /
///
0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒÆZZŠzZg»Zq-Y,{)6102YD7491Y(
* eZËag!** eZËZ®sZv
Abstract
A country foreign policy is not only the first line of its national
defence, but it also guarantees a nation rightful place in the
international community. It is always the product of interaction of
many forces like historical, ideological, economic, national interests
and geo-political situation that determine the country's outlook in the
world affairs. Pakistan foreign policy is no exception to such stated
points. The most important issues in Pakistan's foreign policy are
security, political independence, territorial integrity, sovereignty and
social and economic development etc. Keeping in mind these issues
along with its geo-strategic position, Pakistan has formulated its
foreign policy over the years, and has passed through stages during
its development. In the initial years of its independence, Pakistan
followed an independent policy with the objectives of friendship with
all countries. Then it played an important role in the cold war
politics, and also remained a strategic partner in the Afghan
resistance movement. It remained the most sanctioned country in the
nineteen ninety and then played a front line role in the global counter
terrorism strategy. This papers deals with various phases/periods of
Pakistan foreign policy since its independence.
ZsxW!*ŠX (NUML) Zk6,zWÔ%_·0*ÎyÔD-Eg;WsâegyÉ45½ð GEY+?ç GEE *
g^aSÔ¸òZŠZg{',Zñ+B©3þGG
GL@*gõzpÄÔ‡Z+ZW-Eg;ÔZsxW!*ŠX **
‡Z+ZW·Z»bä0*ÎyÆ{gz0*ŒÆgÉZßwÃzZã™Dƒñ�Ûâc*:
{gz0*ŒÆyZy~øgZÑtìāƒÐŠz4ƒZzgËÌoÆÜs**Ih+{³Zì:gÇYNXë¸òZzgÎZÑZòç5]~Šc*-$
ZzgZßà§&»gZ(g™ä6,¢gnp÷Zzgøg~ÃÒtìāøg~Óx)¦Ð¬@ZðÃD¯ä~æŠAX0*ÎyZZx�{ÆšgÆ
1 _.i1VqwZzgƒÐŠzegZZxÅ×e$ZzgæŠÐL¤/m,7™}ÇX
‡Z+ZWä{gz0*ŒÆ�gÉQßwzZãK÷Zy6,¿™äÐ0*ÎyÃZK{gz0*ŒZZx�{ÆšgÐëW}™ä~æŠBX{mîg6,ZðÅ’Ô´‡ð‚Y»Z�ZxÔ°xæZìZzg!*b)bÃ%æFNZð§j
Ði™**øg~{gz0*Œ»zƒ**ecX@*ëWiZŠ~ƈ0*ÎyÃFZ0+gzãZzgÛzã)b»‚o™**7,ZZzg´‡ðßg]qwÔ7,z±VÐ**iu
©]ÔûzqÅâÎZzg¸òsäÃÑhçZ]ÐÖcZKj~ZzgçÙqÑ]âo™**z){Æ!*)0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒWiZŠ~гZ[J-Fë7VZzgÝz�ÛZiÅqïg„XZ0+gzãÔ´‡ðZzgÎZÑZò0V»‚o™Dƒñ0*ÎyÅ{gz0*Œz‰ÜÆ‚B‚BpsƒCˆX0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒÆZZŠzZg»Y,{ŠgzfsTg~HŠHì:
Óx˜´Æ‚BŠz4»e 3591Y ªŠzg:7491YDZkŠzg~0*ÎyÆ{gz0*ŒÓx˜´Æ‚BŠz*:©]gpp6,©gg„X0*ÎyäŠ*ÆZ˜´~ZK\gCuÇZzg¼Š˜´~ZL\g•äÅáX0*ÎyÎZÑZò©]Åæ~Šz4™@*g;Zzgät˜´Æ´z{›y˜´Æ‚B‚Bf!Š*Æ‚BÌŠz*:©]Z2Zg™**ZCZzA�ÛnSc*X
C@*gõzp¢ïEGLZÆ',6102YDâga7102Y _________________________________________ 67
¸g]Æ‚B©]WiZŠ~ƈZ’ZðŠzg~0*ÎyZzg¸g]ÆŠgxyZnÆZ,
)bäÀ1å,zzÐZy~$+ZOŠ~ZzgŠ#Åc‡ìƒðZzgŠzâVZq-Šzu}Æ‚BŠz*:ät©]Z2Zg™ä~**»xg÷XZy)b
~ic*Š{F,)b»m„yÐå6ā„º[Ôyz›YŠZ]ZzgZ•VÆ£tz){X@*ë÷á„gc*2VÆZÒt6,ŠzâV˜´ÆŠgxy”h+
~kB̃ðX 7491YD84 Z%Ã](,|‰Zzgò~ø~ZyÆŠgxyxZy»ô+0*gKɸg]ƼŠ(ÏgÉîVä0*ÎyÆ
ÜsÒ**]Š�X0*ÎyÃZq-WiZŠZzgpŠUgoâ+ÐZïgHZzg¸g]~¸g]äº[Æ 15YD0591Y ~Šz!*g{÷áï™ä»ZkC{ÌHZk§b
uu6,ZLZ¯Z`¦XTÐ0*ÎãgÉîV~pszwZk’ŠHX@*ë©£ŠxЊzâV˜´$‰X¸gCgzbÃæÃgnpƒñ0*Î㪊]äZKSàÂz©Z¯Z`Åâ6,%ÃiHXÛz㘴ЯY‚iz‚ây
ZzgZÌyh+ZX',¤â~¯YZg!*[Z(gÅ}.â]qÝGZzgZL¯YZfZyÃ2 F,šMc',¤6ZzgŠvŠzªœāƘ´5X
›˜´Æ‚B©]Ñzq„Ð0*ÎyäZL{gz0*Œ~›y˜´Æ‚B©]û°ZÌŠ~XZkädwîg6,Š*½Æ›âVÅF,)ãÅZzg›˜´ÆŠgxyëW°Zzg¬zyÃ�ÛzrŠ¶6,izgŠc*X0*ÎyäÓx›y˜´ÅúÒÏcZq-ÎZÑZò^ƪx6,izgÌŠc*X1›y˜´äÃðŠpªCÙ7ÅZzg0*Î㪊]Ãâ-Ï»‚o™**7,Z@*ë0*Îyä
Zk,ZyÔF,ÅZzg:Š~²[Æ‚BpÎZg©]Z2ZgG²Šzu}˜´Æ‚B©]©wÆ_.g÷X
77 ________________________ 0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒÆZZŠzZg»Zq-Y,{)6102YD7491Y(
ZjjîyÆ‚B©]0*ÎyZzgZjjîyÆŠgxy©]Z’ZYЄZ•ð>{gìXÓ#Ö
Zjjîyäß/uuÉ�ñy~0*ÎãqSÃt™äÐZïgHXZjjîyäß/uu~g�zZá_âVchpŠZgZŠe$»_cHZzgß/
uuÔ�ñyZzgZjjîyƼ´V6,ŒZq-e{gc*„ƪxÆŠú}KX0*Îy»Z%OŠÃ¦ç@zV~ËqÆg›¿~Îze$-2Zzg¸g]äÌZjjîyÆŠúzVÅÂ}ÅXZKf!Zzgæ¹uuzV6,ÂçZ]ÐÖc0*ÎyäZKZ¯Z`âoZzg©™äÅÃlÑzqÅX
Z%MZzgÎze$-2Щ]Z’ZY~0*ÎyäZq-WiZŠ{gz0*ŒÃZCc*ZzgŠ*½Æ˜´øw
Z%MÔÎze$-2ZzguÆ‚BŠz*:©]ÅpZéÅXZ%Mä0*Îy~0*ÎyÆ‚BZi©]Z2ZgKX 8491Y ÅWiZŠ~»ílxHZzg�Ûzg~
@*ë0*ÎyZzgÎze$-2ÆŠgxy\gC©]@*íÐÑzqƒñXqÑè~\gC©]‡ì™ä6,Z·tHåX@*ë 8491Y ŠzâV˜´äZ6,s
~Îze$-2»É 0591Y ~0*ÎyäZCÉâj5Zzgâga 9491Y Šc
~0*ÎyƬzik,ZW1‰ÜZ{y 9491Y ™ZcàXÎze$-2ä�yÃu»g~Šzg}ÅŠú]Š~;Jw™1pZz�;]ƯY6,tŠzg{:ƒeXT6,Îze$-2ÆgÉ0*ÎyÐ**gZnƒñXZn',@1‰Ü
~Z%M»Šzg{HZzgZK»gk,ZzgÒ**]~0*ÎãÓ#Ö 0591Y Z{yäÃQY¤/HX0*ÎyªZsòoåTä†g~ c*] Æqòf[ÆÃ
1591Y ~úZò/gtuÃtHXŠzâV˜´ÆŠgxy\gC©] 0591Y~ZL 1951 ~ÑzqƒñXuZzg0*ÎyÆÉzVä!*nKMmZzgâÞ
3 Z(gZ]eáX
C@*gõzp¢ïEGLZÆ',6102YDâga7102Y ________________________________________ 87
ŠzuZŠzg:4591YD26Z%MZzgf!˜´»Z�Š~ZkŠzg~0*ÎyÅZq-WiZŠ{gz0*ŒÔZ%MÆZ�Š~“W~vƒðX0*Îyä¯YZzgZOŠ~ZæZŠqÝ™äžnÐZ%M÷B�{cgKZOâ]Æ�¼Šç@zV~ËqZ(gÅZzgZϧb0*Œ¯ä
zZágÉîVä0*ÎyÃZ%MZzgÎze$-2ÆâÎuŠkB~ZÐQ{c*X´‡ðÚø~°xDÆ”h+Zˆk¸g]Æ‚B(,_ƒñ>{
©]ÔXò6,mßg]qwÐÖcZLŠÃ¦&6Vâo™**ÔZjjîy»0*ÎyÆÜs6,z"}ÅgzuåxÔÛzãˆg]~(,kƒZ
Äg{ZzgZOŠ~dZy6,‡10*äZzgŠ*~ËðÆZˆkЊzegƒ**ÔPZ+(,~z�;]‰,zzÐ0*ÎyZ%MZzgf!˜´»Z�Š~¯X
ñ4,xÅgzuåxcZ%MZzgZnf!Z�Š~˜´äZK¬@Õ
iÆ�$zg˜´Ã¯YZzgZOŠ~æŠÅæ¾Å¶XZkæ¾ÃæÃ
~0*ÎyäF,Å 1954 gnpƒñ0*ÎyäZ�Š~“W»êHåXZ6,sZzgZnˆ 4 Æ‚B(ÏÔçÙZzgpD‡V~¬zy(,Jä»ç@{HX
Y~0*ÎyZzgZ%MÆŠgxy!*bŠÃ¦çz-$»ç@{ƒZ)� 1954#Z%Mä0*ÎyÅ‚YÃ',ŒÛZggppcZj¯Y‚iz‚âyÔZÌZzgF,m�
œ1]�ÛZë™ä6,Z·tHX²0*Îyät¢Š;ãŠÑðāZ%OZæZŠ0*ÎyËÌoÆÜsYg¢A~ZEw7™}ÇX
~ËqZ(gÅXTÆ¥Á (CETO) ~0*ÎyäÒ 1954m
˜´)Z%MÔ',¤6ÔW7´Ô�ÛZ÷ÔEi~CÔŸíZzg0*Îy(ä:ÜsZOŠ~F,¹Zzg�Y‹Šc!*b¬zyÃ�ÛzrŠ¶6,Z·tHåÉZk!*]»<ÌHāËÌgÁgc*„Æ´‡ðç}Ôc*Zk6,©Yg¢AÓxZg»ycç{¦gHYñÇZzgZkÐÖcZNtg}ZzgZq-Šzu}Å
97 _________________________ 0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒÆZZŠzZg»Zq-Y,{)6102YD7491Y(
æŠÅYðÏX@*ëZ%Mä0*ÎyÅCÙnYg¢AzZàŠgpZ„ÚŠ™DƒñzZãHātÔÜsñêYg¢A6,Ñ̓CìXZq-‚wˆ
~0*Îyä�ZŠç@}~ËqZ(gÅ�²ZtÆZ=YÆ 1955m
ÐÒÆ**xÐBäÎX²ZtÔZk,ZyÔF,ÅÔ0*ÎyZzg',¤6z{ 1959ˆ
˜´¸MVäŠÃqZzgsäÆyZy~Zq-Šzu}Æ‚B¬zy6,Z·tHåXZ%MäZn‚BŒÛRgzZ*',ŒÛZggÇZzgZkç@}~z1@*ëZ%MätzZãHåāZmËq»ÑÜsgÁ˜´ÆŠÃ¦
5 &6VÃñ4,xÆÜs¢o™**åXY~Z%MÆ‚B!*b¬zyÆ 1959 Zn´z{0*Îyäâga
ç@}6,Š\HXT~Z%MäZk!*]»<Håā¬@ZðÔ0*ÎyÅWiZŠ~Zzg‚Y»DÔZ%McZëZzgZ%M0*ÎyÃZK¸òWiZŠ~
Y~0*Îyä 1959 ',ŒÛZggppc¯YZzgZOŠ~ZæZŠŠ¶6,WâŠ{ƒZX(%+|Û?zg~�ÛZëHX 1959-69 Z%MÃZq-ñZ&CcðZeZŠk‚wc)
Z%Mä 6,ŠgzfsZW,Z]%A$ƒñ Z%M»Z�Š~“WÐ0*Îy0*ÎyÆZOŠ~ZzgŠÃ¦‡V~æŠÅ,zzÐ0*ÎyŤ/Cƒð
uÃ�Ûzr5ZzgZ¯Z`0*ÎyZk‡.ÞƒðāZLo»ŠÃq™nXŠÃ¦ZæZŠ~ZÌÔÍ!!*gzŠÔÂ\{äÔ¯YÇhc*VÔgi+ZgÔñZ&]»‚âyÔm˜iz){÷áï¸XcgKZOâ]Ã4¯äZzg©Z¯Z`ÅgÉðcZ%Mä0*ÎyÅæŠÅ¯YZfZyÃF,šMcZ%M5ŠHZzg0*ÎyÅZ¯Z`äÁ
Åœā…V~z1X0*ÎyÃZ%MZzgf!˜´Æ‚BZ�Š~“W»»°vyÌQV**
7,ZX0*ÎyäZKWiZŠ{gY0*Œ6,õMHTÅzzÐÎze$-2Zzg¸g]ÉF›˜´Æ‚B0*ÎyÆ\gC©](,~uJ-ë{
C@*gõzp¢ïEGLZÆ',6102YDâga7102Y _________________________________________ 08
ƒñXÎze$gÉîVä_jîyÆZ6,ZjjîyÓ#ÖÅ×e$ÅZzgXò6,¸g]»‚BŠc*X
Zk,ZyZzgF,ÅÆ´z{æ¹z«Ågc*2VäÌ0*Îy»f!Z�Š~“W6,tgŠ¿»ZÖgHX,zzÐ0*Îy›˜´Æ‚BŒÛRZzgpÎZg©]Z2Zg™ä~**»xg;X
~0*Îy 1955 0*ÎyäF,¹5+k,˜´~ÌZKwÅðXqÑèäŠz8-»Ð÷ñ™ä~dw™ŠZgZŠZHåX@*ëZ#Zk»Ð÷Å
~À1XÂ0*ÎyÃZ%OŠÃ¦ 1961 zzÐ)zZh˜´Å’q-äç@zVÅzzÐZk~Ñ•ÅZYi]:BX0*Îyäf!Z�Š~ƒäÆ**ðÎœBñ꘴ƂBÁF,ÁãCŠzV6,©]‡ìgÇXuä0*Îy»Z%MÆZ�Š~ƒä6,?è#Ö7ÅZzg0*Îy»ZyŠÃ¦
6 ç@zV~÷áïƒäÅz�;]6,Zq-‡.Þf™ƒ»bCÙ{HXZ%MÆ‚BZ�Š~ÅwÐZC™ŠZg±§jÐZŠZ™Dƒñ
0*ÎyäZ%OcgKˆ8L»»°ìwg3X@*ëZ%Mä0*Îy»¸g]Æ‚B)b;òÆi~Ãð{m\gCæŠ�ÛZë7ÅX,zzÐ0*Îy~“uz2]aZƒñ@*ëZkäZ%MÆ‚BZC¬zy',ŒÛZgg3X
Z�Š~B,È~0*Œ6,ÃU*ã 3691YD17 ŠZŠzgÅZ’ZY~0*ÎyÆ0*Œ‚izVäZ%MÆ‚B0*ÎyÆ 1960
Z�Š~ƒä»Y,{¢8ÑzqHXYè0*ÎyÅZ�Š~0*ŒäFë{ZaZƒñX»]åL!*[¢zg~åXZkK~ŠzZë°Ä‚tWN‰X
ÃZLcðuzŠ U-2 ~Îze$-2äZq-Z%OYÎÏpg}Ô 1960 ª:~ñZXTä%+|ÛZe}?zgÐ6,zZiŶXgzkä0*ÎyÆÜs�Z!»ggzZðÅŠ–Š~¶TÅzzÐ0*Îy6,.yg;X
18 _________________________ 0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒÆZZŠzZg»Zq-Y,{)6102YD7491Y(
Z%MäÎZÑZò"5Òk5ë EGHöZb¯ñ,zzÐiFZezVÅZÌÁ ŠzuZ:~”~ZOðäZ%M~Z(gZ] 1961 '×h+',WV†g~ 7 ƒˆX
eáX¸g]Æ‚BŠz*:©]þe$Š~X0*ÎyäZ%O0*Œ~Zkp~6,¡÷»ZÖgHX@*ëZ%Mä
ÆuD¸g]uu~ 1962 ´z{Zi, 0*Îã˜]Ãåîg6,ÃZ0+ZiHXkB~¸g]ÃZÌZzg¯Y‚iz‚ây(,~®ZŠ~�ÛZëHXZ%MÆ´z{Šzu}f!˜´ä̸g]ÅæŠÅXT6,0*ÎãgÉÌZ-[{yÐ
8 J**gZnƒñXZ%MäZk§bůYZzgZOŠ~ZæZŠ0*ÎyÃÌŠ~¶p0*Îy
Z%MÆ‚BÎze$ÜsZ�Š~ç@zV~÷áïƒZåZzgê~Z%O¸ò~ˆX Š ¢ŠZ]Å0*‡Zg~™@*g;X²¸g]ÃZ%OZæZŠ%ËÑoÆ
Îze$-2Æ‚B©]Ã4™**†!Z¨Y~$+sƒðZ%O0*ŒÐâ-kƒ™0*ÎãgÉîVä
ÌZL{gz0*Œ~p~ÑäÅÃlÅXZrVä!*b¢ŠÅãCŠzV1961 6,ÎœZzgñ꘴ƂB©]4¯ä~7gÄÅX
ÆŠgxy0*ÎyäZZŠZâ]Æ�uZzgÎze$-2Æ 1963 ЂB©](,JñX
~«%ûÎze$-2ä0*ÎyÃŒÛnZzg%ňlc} 1961
~âjÆ 1965 æŠÅæ¾ÅXœgZ-[{yZzgzik,{gzfzZ3gZyäŠzg}KZzg‚B‚Bˆg]Ô%ňlc�~ZzgpDnŠáÉFç@zV6,Š\XX
0*ÎyÆŠ}0*õ‚!µ/~ÐMF,ªCµ1V6,¿ŠgWæc
Æz‰~Xò 1960 Îze$-2ä抙äÅgŸq~̪CÙŶ
C@*gõzp¢ïEGLZÆ',6102YDâga7102Y _________________________________________ 28
Å 1965 6,áZiy`ÃÃZCc*X0*ÎyZzg¸g]ÆŠgxygyWs½ZzgkB6,Îze$-2ä)Y—Zg~»bCÙ{HZzgŠzâV˜´ÆŠgxy!*b
~@*ÆZ´ð™zZc*X 1966 ©]éw6,Ñäc†g~@*Æç@}ƈ0*ÎyZzgÎze$-2ÆŠgxy©]»°4
ƒñZzgŠzâV˜´Æu',ZƒVÆ´z{FZd©xäZq-Šzu}Ƙ´ÆŠzg}KXFç@zV6,Š\GZzgZOŠ~¬zyÆ‚B‚BŠÃ¦yZy~Ì©](,JñX
uÆ‚B©]Ã4™**Zk²á~u÷B0*ÎyÆ©]~!~Ð4~WðXŠz§†
~ŠzâV˜´ÆŠgxyFZëç@}ƒñX 1963 ©]Ã4¯äc
T~ˆgCzcðuzkÆç@}Zzg0*uuuu~ç@{‡.Þf™ìXZ%MäÎZÑZòR6,uÃZµê™äÅÃlÅ@*ë0*ÎyäZy
‚Y Ã@VÃ"ZW,™äcuÅ×e$ÅXuäÌ0*ÎyÅ´‡ð~ìzik,ZWä0*ÎyÆ 1964 ZzgpŠUg~»ZÚ„ìwg3Zzg�Ûzg~
Æ 1965 Šzg}6,ò~úZxÅpŠZgZŠe$Æhcì×e$»Z´yHXÆZ’ZY~0*Îy 1966 0*uD¸g]kB~uä0*ÎyÆ‚B¬Zzg
ïYZÌZzg‚iz‚âyÅ�ÛZbÑzqÅXŠz§†©]ÃZÌŠïƒñŠzâV˜´Æu',Z;yZzgZd©xÆ
~œgZ-[»Šzg{uÔ¾w¼ 1965 Šgxy!*‡°ÏЊzg}ƒñT~~Šzg{0*Îyz){ 1966 »Šzg{ÔìœgZzgzik,{gz» 1970 {y»âÞ
÷áï¸XZk§b!*‡°ÏЊzâV$Ó½ð NVÆŠgxy!*bŠp6,nŠ!ìwZzgtg}Yg~gìXWäzZá‚ßV~ŠzâV˜´ÆŠgxy¬zy»ŠZ],{»g
9 \gCÔZOŠ~ԊæZzgpDyZâV~Yg~g;X
38 ________________________ 0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒÆZZŠzZg»Zq-Y,{)6102YD7491Y(
Z%MÆ‚B©]özŠ™**0*Îy»Îze$-2ZzguÆ‚B©]4¯äÅÃ@V6,Z%MÃZ‹ZnåX{mîg6,0*ÎyZzgu»cðç@{Z%MÇ.ÞJw7å
Zzgìzik,ZWÃu»g~Šzg}6,&Õä ENä6,0*ÎyÅ#¿ÅX@*ë0*ÎyäZ%MÆg›¿ÃÃZ0+ZiHX�Z!»ggzZð~Z%MäeJā~ƒðZe{Å
~Z-[{yÆŠzg{Z%MÖ~ 1965 yc¬@ZæZŠÈ™Š~ZzgZ6,s¸g]kB~Z%M D HXŠzâV˜´ÆŠgxyZ%Ã]Zã(,|‰ā0*u
ä0*ÎyÃÃðZæZŠ�ÛZë7ÅXɸg]Æ‚B0*Îy6,ÌZÌÅyh+z�Ûz|#Å0*È~¬Z+ÅXTÐ0*ÎãŠÃqÔh+vyàXYè¸g]!*¹˜´ÐÌZÌyh+g;å²0*Îy»7gZŠZgzæZgZ%OŠÃ¦ZæZŠ6,åX
Y~Z%Mä0*È~bz~îg6,3,x™Æ0*ÎyÃ)± 1966 âga~ 1971 Å�Ûz|#ÅZYi]Š~X@*ë p6,izV à ¯YWÑ]Zzg‚wƈ
0*È~¬Z+ÅX Šz!*g{ ¸g]kBÅzzÐÏgzVÅ�Ûz|#6, D Šzu~0*uZ%M»Zk§b»gztŠN™',¤6Ô�ÛZ÷Ô*ÔZOZzg Îyä 0*
lVÆŠzgZyuÔ0*Îy 1971 Zzg 1965 Îze$-2ÐZÌyh+ZX@*ëÆnÏgzVÅ�ÛZb»ƒÐZëfg=g;XZn‚B‚B0*Îyä
ZLÏgZzg¯Y‚iz‚âyÅaZzZg6,ÂzŠ¶»êHX
¸g]Æ‚B©]0*ÎyZzg¸g]ÆŠgxy©]Z•ð>{gìXXòZyŠzâV
˜´Æ©]éw6,Ñä~Zëg»z^åZ%MZzg',¤6ÅæŠ~XòZzgŠzu})bÃi™äcŠzâV˜´Æ 1962-63Ð
zigZñ{gzÆŠgxyèZ™Z]ƒñ@*ëtèZ™Z]**»xgìXYèŠzâV�ÛhVäXò6,ÃðÌEŠ3äÐZïgHXZ%Ã]Zã(,|‰ā
C@*gõzp¢ïEGLZÆ',6102YDâga7102Y ________________________________________ 48
1971 ŠzâV˜´ÆŠgxy(ƒðXTÆË~0*Îy»æ¹zŠc
01 ~7åENZƒ™@Š÷WiZŠgc*„Æîg6,Z½™‚tWc*X
aåŠzg:)Y—Zg~ZzgŠz§s2791YD971960 ¬@R6,WiZŠÔ)Y—Zg~ZzgŠz§sÜ{gz0*ŒÅÑz¬]
ÅŠ;ð~ƒðXZ%MÔÎze$-2c*uÆxZ�Š~“WÆOñŠz§†¢ŠZ]ÅëW°ZkŠzgÅ{gz0*ŒÆZëZßw¶XSk{gz0*Œ
»CÙ¦/tÑ7åāŠzâVuâtŠZgZ:ZzgZ·ZK6,FFÂñVÐ',§°ƒXÉ!*b¢ŠZ]ÃæÃgnpƒñ0*ÎyŠzâV˜´ªZ%MZzgÎze$-2
Щ]7VãCŠzV6,‡ìgÇX)Y—Zg~ZzgŠz§†{gz0*ŒZCDƒñ0*ÎyäŠzªœāZzg
~eÏZ(gÅX0*ÎyäÑàÃgc*Ô 1972 ÒÐ!*nKM†g~ZzgâÞ~tHX{mîg6,-ÍsztÔgzâ6ZzgŠzu} 1972 ze$**xZzgæ¹*Ã
æ¹-g\Ƙ´Æ‚BZOŠ~ÔˆgCZzg\gC©]ÃF,¹Š¶6,ÂzŠ~XZϧbÐZ¨YÔZ�ÛiÔ†!ZzgzVZ%M~Fgc*2VÆ‚B0*Îy
HåX ä©]Z2Zg™äÅÃÒÅXÃ0*ÎyŦ/¸ÓáVäÃZ0+Zi~Ze 1979 0*ÎyäÎZÑZòZOŠ~ÂxÅâÅz»ªÌÅZzgm
11 ~0*ÎyäÁÃghŠc*åX 1979 !*‡°{gÁ¯ZkÐIâga
(,~¤!VÆ‚B©]âo¯**~ÑzqƒñZzgZkŠzg 1960 0*ÎyZzguÆŠgxyŠz*:©]
~»°¢oƒñXŠz§†©]Ô´‡ðZzgÎZÑZòZñg6,xzg]cZd(ÏZzg¯YgÉîVäÒ]ÐZq-Šzu}˜´ÆŠzg}KXZy5‡ÂV~:ÜsŠzâV˜´ÆŠgxy!*bZ·tgZñþe$BÉ‚B‚B
58 _________________________ 0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒÆZZŠzZg»Zq-Y,{)6102YD7491Y(
0*ÎyÅWiZŠ~Zzg´‡ð‚YcuäZK×e$»Z¬Š{ÌHXZk§bÐZq-¢oZzgL0*Îyuņ!Z¨ð0*Œ»ãCŠ~Kg;Xuä0*ÎyÅçÙZzgQF,¹~Z뙊ZgZŠZHZzg0*ÎycÏgzZÌÆ
”w»Zq-Zëfg=̯X0*ÎyŊæÅƪx~uäâàZzg}ZæZŠÌ�ÛZëÅX
Zϲá~0*ÎyZzgÎze$-2Æ©]~4~WðXaè@
Š÷ÆdZyÆ:©~0*ÎyZzgÎze$-2©]~Z•ð>ÏWð¶X@*ëzik,ZWfzZ3gZyäÃlÅāÎze$-2Æ‚B!*b
~ZkäâjÆŠzg}KZzgÎze$ 1974 Zzg 1972 ©]Ã4™}XgÉîVÐ!*]’AÅX,zzÐ:ÜsŠzâV˜´äêÆZñg6,Zq-Šzu}ÆìÑ]ÌɂB‚Bœā¸ò¢ŠZ]ÃæÃgnpƒñ
X Šz§†ˆg]ZzgZOŠ~¬zyÃWÐ(,Jc*Zk²á~0*ÎyZzgZ%MÆŠgxy©]4~Ð$+F,~ŧs−‰X0*ÎyÆZb6,z¤/Zx6,ŠzâV˜´~”h+Z%Ã]ZÏŠzg~aZ
Å0*uD¸g]kBÅzzÐZ%Mä¸g]Æ‚B0*Îy6, 1971 ƒZX~ 1975 Zzg 1973 ÌÏgzVÅyh+z�Ûz|#Å0*È~Îð¶X@*ëyÆ
Z%Mä 21 Z%M»Šzg}™äЊzâV˜´Æ!*b©]~4~WðX»ÅZzg0*ÎyÃצV6,ZÌÅ�Ûz|#ÅZYi]Š~Xä 0*Îy6,0*Èc*V
0*ÎyäílxHX@*ë0*ÎyZzgZ%MÆŠgxy�CÙ~6,z¤/Zx6,Zkz‰Ü~0*Îyä�ÛZ÷Æ‚BZbg~6,zù 1976 Z%Ã]ÑzqƒñZ#
ö.$qÝ™ä»ç@{HXZ%MäZkç@}Ã0*ÎyÅY+$Ð�CÙ~ÏgzVÅ&¢AqÝ™äÆZŠZxÆîg6,Š¬X
Z%Mä0*uD�ÛZ÷ç@}6,**gZWªCÙÅZzgZj™c™äc
C@*gõzp¢ïEGLZÆ',6102YDâga7102Y _________________________________________ 68
~zZ:1XZzg 1977 pgzVÅ�Ûz|#à A-7 0*Îy6,izgeZÑX0*ÎyÃ~1977-78 ~0*ÎyƊæ�Ûz|#ZzgZOŠ~ZæZŠÃØHZzg 1977-78
œg»gR,ÆZ¨ðŠzg}Ð0*ÎyÆ**xÃïÑX0*ÎyÆ´z{Z%Mä~�ÛZ÷ÃZkç@}ЊSnŠZg~6, 1978 �ÛZ÷6,Ì\gCŠ!*îeZÑZzg!*sy
~Z%Mä 1979 6gHXZkÆ´z{0*ÎyÆ�CÙ~6,z¤/ZxÅzzÐ0*ÎycÓxZOŠ~ZæZŠZzgm‚iz‚âyÅ�Ûz|#ØÅTÅzzÐ
~¼ß�VÅãCŠ 1979 ŠzâV˜´ÆŠgxy©]~>ÏaZƒðX6,¤9VZzgZ9wIßÍVäZsxW!*Š~Z%O\g•äðc*X,
Z%M©] D zzЊzâV˜´ÆŠgxy”h+Z%Ã]aZƒñZzg0*uZ•ðyZ[ƒñX
¸g]kBÆË~0*Îy»æ¹z7åENZƒ™@ D Å0*u 1971
¸g] D Š÷Æ**xÐZq-e{o¯XZkaZk²áÅZ’ZY~0*uÅkBÆ)bÐÖZzg©]éw6, 1971 ©]~>ÏWðX
~Hç@{ƒZXZkç@}Æ 1972 ÑäcŠzâV˜´ÆŠgxy�Ñð�ŠzâV˜´äZLZ¯Z`uu~´ºÐzZ:&Õä ENðÔ¸g]ä0*Îã
0*Îãm{-V6,l)zZ:1Zzg0*Îy 195 {-VÃg;HÔ@Š÷ä~Zq-e{pŠUggc*„ây1X 1974 äÝŠ÷Ã
¸g]©]~4~Wð@*ëŠzâV D qgz!*Ñ)bÃi™Æ0*u~�CÙ~ 1974 ˜´Zq-Šzu}ÃZë#³Æîg6,ŠÙgìX¸g]ä
Š/HTÅzzÐ0*Îyû°6,.㻂o™**7,ZZzgZLÓxF,z‚bÃ',zñ»gÑDƒñ0*ÎãgÉîVä�CÙ~6,z¤/ZxÅÑz¬]XX@*āê~¤‰Ü»ÂZiy',ŒÛZggìXZkŠzg~0*ÎyZzg›Š*ÆŠgxy©]
~уg~Zsòu',Z„»Ð÷ÂHX 1974 Z•ðpÎZgg÷X0*Îyä
78 _________________________ 0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒÆZZŠzZg»Zq-Y,{)6102YD7491Y(
T~F›˜´Æu',ZƒVäÑ•ÅXyäFZsò˜´!*<mšgc*2VÆŠzg}KZzg\gC©]âo¯äÅÃlXX0*ÎEVÃæ¹z«Æ˜´~»x™ä»ñµ5TÐ0*Îyû°âà
31 ÃZ+{ƒZX
Z•Ñ Zjjîy6,Îze$ïZzg0*uZ%M 0*vZVŠzg:0891YD0991YZkŠzg~0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒZjjîyÐÎze$Z¯Z`ÅZ=YÔW@+
~gzkäZjjîy~ 1979 ÅæŠZzgZ%MÆ‚BÑZ•6,%Ãig„XŠc
¯YæZìÅXTÆŠzggk'Z5ðÔ(ÏZzgŠÃ¦ZW,Z]0*Îy6,7,}X0*ÎyäZLätoÅpŠUg~ZzgWiZŠ~',ŒÛZggppÅ×e$ÅZzgÎze$Z¯Z`Æ.VÅ”h+è#ÖÅXaèÎze$-2Æ‚B0*ÎyÆ©]
åÐë7VÆDggìXZkaZKf!uu6,Îze$Z¯Z`Åñ�ŠÏÃ0*ÎyäZK‚Ycç{CkHXZ]Í/õG0*ÎyäÎze$Z¯Z`Å
ZjjîyЯg~Z=YÆçn~Z%kÆ‚BÑZ•ÅXqÑ]Å^ÃæÃgnpƒñ0*Îyäf!˜´ÐæŠÅZhÅZzg‚BZjy'×Z›
¤/z7VªZjyW@+Å×e$ÅX
0*uZ%M©]ZjjîykBÅzzÐ0*ÎyZzgZ%MÆ©]Šz!*g{bwƒñZzg
z‰ÜÆ‚B‚BZk~4~WðXZ%MäZjjîy~Îze$Z¯Z`ÆÜskB~:Üs0*ÎyÅ×e$ÅÉ‚BŠÃ¦ZzgZOŠ~ZæZŠÌ�ÛZë
3.2 ÅX1891YD78ÆŠzgZyZ%Mä0*ÎyïYZzgZOŠ~ZæZŠ~½ãteZ°Š�XZzg'×h+Zq-teZ°Š¶ÅgŸq~̪CÙÅX0*ÎyZzg
äï™W@+ÃF,šMÔâàZæZŠZzgÏgŠ�X‚B‚B ZŠZgzV v Z%MÆ
C@*gõzp¢ïEGLZÆ',6102YDâga7102Y _________________________________________ 88
²[˜´ÐgŸ»gzVÅj,Z‚ÛZðÅāZjjîy~}Îze$Z¯Z`ÆÜsZjã'×Z×C’q-ª˜Š~÷áïƒYNXŠzâV˜´ÆŒÛR
©]Æ!*z�ŠZ%M0*ÎyÆ�CÙ~6,z¤/Zx»#³g;@*ë0*ÎyÆ‚B41 ©]4gppÅ{§ZkÆ�CÙ~6,z¤/Zx6,Z‹Zn7HX
uÆ‚B©]0*ÎyZzguÆŠgxy©]›y$+yLƒDgìZzgZ‡V
~ŠzâV˜´ÆŠgxy¬zy(,kŠHXuä0*ÎyÆ‚Bˆg]Ã(,JäÅ{§÷áCÙZ{ŒÛZŒÛxÅÂW~0*ÎyÅæŠÅXigZ®)ZzgÅÆ´z{uä0*ÎyÅŠÃqZzg�CÙ~(ßY~ÌæŠÅXZϧb¸g]Æ‚B!*]’A~0*ÎyŽ7g×e$uäÅZzgZjjîyÆdZy6,0*ÎyÆñ�Å@*GÅX
›˜´0*Îy䛘´Æ‚BpÎZg©]gÇXZjjîyÆZ6,›
˜´äZsò»Ð÷^Æfg)0*Îã¸�Å×e$ÅX0*Îy~ÑÄÐiZZ+Zjy'+ÅâàZæZŠÌF›˜´äÅXˆg]Æ 30
ÂWÔZOŠ~Zzg}¬zyÆ�Ûzrc0*ÎyäF›˜´Ðç@}GX@*ëZz�;]ƯY6,0*ÎyrÔ÷áxZzg²Zt‰˜´Æ‚BŠz*:©]Z2Zg™ä~**»xg;X
0*u¸g]©]0*ÎyäZKf!uu6,>ÏZzgçZ]Ã$åLÃgnpƒñ¸g]Æ
‚BpÎZg©]gppÅUÅX0*Îyä¸g]Æ‚B©]~
98 _________________________ 0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒÆZZŠzZg»Zq-Y,{)6102YD7491Y(
èZ™Z]Å0*ŒÃZCc*X¸g]Æ‚B>ÏZzgZ%°)bÃ0*Îyä\gC©]Æfg)i™äÅÃlÅX‚gu¯gxÐÃZ+{ZVDƒñ
~ 1988 ŠzâV˜´Zq-Šzu}ÆŒÛd$WñXzik,ZWgZæÇ0+SäŠc
0*Îy»Šzg{HX@*ëèZ™Z]»tŠzgic*Š{Šk,J-»x[:g;Zzg¹¢ŠzâV˜´ÆŠgxyXò6,Zq-!*gQ”h+Z%Ã]äÀ1X
YZç@{ZjjîyÆdZyÃèZ™Z]Æfg)i™**ZÚW‚y7åÔF‚ßVÅ
~0*ÎyÔZjjîyÔÎze$-2ZzgZ%MÆ 1988 Ã@VƈZ6,sŠgxyYZç@{ƒZXTÆ�Îze$-2äZjjîyÐZKZ¯Z`zZ:
~ 1989 ~ÑzqƒZå!*sy�Ûzg~ 1988 šðX@*ëZ=Y»tŸ�ā#©]~»°>ÏWðXZzgÎze$-2ä gzk D åƒZXZkŠzgZy0*Îy
F%û0*ÎyÅpŠUg~ÆÜszgi~™Dƒñ0*Îã´V6,cðZzgiFçÌKX
Îze$Z¯Z`ÆZ=YƈZjjîy(ÏdZy»DgƒZZzgZjy'+»0*ÎyÐzZ:ZjjîyY**ƒŠHXZka0*ÎyäÃl
Åā(ÏdZyûHYñÎze$-2ÅZ¯Z`ÆZ=YÆ‚B„Z%MÆZjjîy~¢ŠZ]»ƒñZzgZkä0*ÎyÃZæZŠŠ¶ÅOñZkÆ
~ZOŠ~ZzgŠÃ¦0*Èc*VÎðXTä 1990 �CÙ~6,z¤/ZxÆ6,z¤/Zx6,ZÆ',:ÜsZjjîy~0*ÎyÅZðzZâyÅbàc0*ÎyÅÃbh4ð
IIGV~
51 g»z^aZÅÉ0*ÎyÅZOŠc*]ZzgŠÃ¦&6VÃÌ»°vyàc*X
uŠkBƈ»Šzg ÙŠzg:0991YD1002YÆ‚}~0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒÃFZë)b»‚o™**7,ZX 1990
C@*gõzp¢ïEGLZÆ',6102YDâga7102Y _________________________________________ 09
T~ÐZ%MÆ‚B™D©]ÔXò6,0*u¸g]>ÏÔZjjîy~(ÏdZyZzg0*Îy»�CÙ~6,z¤/Zxz){÷áï÷X
0*uZ%M©]Y{ç@}ƈZjjîyÐÎze$Z¯Z`»Z=YÔÎze$-2»
•}ƒ**ZzguŠkB»Z!xZ,zZu]¸TÐÎZÑZòR6,Fp´VgzúƒNXZ%MZq-40*zgÆîg6,%ŠZgƒðXñ4,xÆÌ»ç{TÞŠHXZka6¬@ZOx~Z%Mä�CÙ~ÏgzVÆ;îÆgzuåxÔZKã£tÅ!*ÑŠ4Ô/g~ZŠZgÆ�ÛzrÔèIãCŠ6,4ШZzg
ZOŠ~F,¹ZzgÛzãuât»g~‰ÁÜÃZK{gz0*Œ»ZëzŒÛZgŠc*XZ%MÅÃ~0*ÎyÅ'Z5ðZzgŠÃ¦ZÌê~ÁZzg¸g]ÅZÌ(,|_¶Yè¸g]Ûzãuât»g~cZq-(,~âgLÆîg6,Z½™‚tWc*Z%M¸g]ÃuÆ£«~¢o™**eLåX
Z=ZkŠ;ð~0*ÎyZzgZ%MÆŠgxy©]~>ÏWð,Zëzz0*Îy»�CÙ~6,z¤/ZxZzgöZb(ßYz){¸X0*ÎyÆZb6,z¤/ZxÅ
~ŠÃ¦ZzgZOŠ~ 1990 zzÐZ%Mä6,]ÎæF,çÆ�ZsxW!*Š6,ZÆ',0*Èc*VÎðZzg0*Îy6,¯YZzgZOŠ~ZæZŠÈ™Š~XZ#0*Îyä¸g]
~ZbŠ!*]KÂZ%MäZy0*È-V~ 1998 Ã�Z[Šïƒð#ZŸ†HXZkÆ´z{0*ÎyZzguÆ�CÙ~ZzgöZb¬zyÅzzÐÌF%ûZ%Mä0*Îy6,0*Èc*VÎNX
Z%MŊæZzgZOŠ~0*È-VÐ0*Îyû°vyƒZX0*ÎyÆZ0+gg�zZáÑÅVZjy'+u6,Zq-1ú0‰ZzgŠzu~§sZjjîy»(ÏdZyÌîsƒ@*ŠHXZ%MäZjjîyÆ(ÏdZyÆi
19 __________________________ 0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒÆZZŠzZg»Zq-Y,{)6102YD7491Y(
~Ì0*ÎyÅÃðæŠ7ÅXÉ0*ÎyÃËghŠc*X)±W@+�0*ÎyÆD©´V~g{gì¸XXÃZ%MäZjykBcšc*åZyÅzZ3»ÃðÌÈzn7H�ˆ~0*ÎyÅ‚YÆaç{U*"$ƒñX
Šzu~Y+$Z%Mä¸g]Æ‚BŠz*:©]Z2ZgGZzgò~we$I’q-ÅZܹz\gC抙äÐ0*ÎyÃgz1ÅÃlÌÅ
pg}Š¶ÐZïgHTÅg¶0*ÎyZ%Mà F-16 Zzg‚B‚B0*ÎyÊ}[åXZ%Mä0*ÎyÆZb6,z¤/ZxÅ#¿ÅZzgZ§hVÐ
ÆŠ;ð~0*ÎyZzg 1990 ZÐvyàäÅÃlÌXXZka61 Z%MÆŠgxy©]Z•ð>{g÷X
0*u¸g]©]ZkŠzg~0*ÎyZzg¸g]ÆŠgxy©]XòÅzzÐZ•ð
yZ[gìXZjykBƈFW@+ä¸g]Ƹï:ŒÆÜsò~pŠZgZŠe$»_c™äzZà¡VÅæŠÅXTÅzzÐ=£ò~
WiZŠ~Å5gzbY7-Š~ˆXò-V»¸g]ÅxZyÆÜs©].z4kZ ~0*ÎyäZyÅ×e$ÑzqÅX�ËÌßg]¸g]ÃJw7¶X
¸g]ä»á¸Z2ÃÑÍ™Dƒñò~'×Z›’q-Ê!*äÅÃl aÅZzg"kH{à-V»O¬xHX‚B‚Bò-VÆhpŠZgZŠe$Å’q-ì@R6,Š4k5¾æ
XIGYŠ~ZzgãCŠ6,4ÅØÐ�häÅÃÒÅZzg0*Îy6,ZyÃZÌ�ÛZë™ä»Z²ZxÎc*X0*ÎyäZ²Zâ]Æ�Z[Šïƒñ¹ā
ò-VÅ].z4Zq-WiZŠ~Å’q-ìZzg0*ÎyZkÚi·~�Û&Åw
ÐZyÅZܹZzg(Ï×e$™@*gìÇX
C@*gõzp¢ïEGLZÆ',6102YDâga7102Y _________________________________________ 29
~mßg]qw 1990 ŠzâV˜´ÆŠgxyZ%Ã]Zã(,|‰āaZƒð@*ëZ%MZzgŠzu}f!¤!VÅæZìÐkB6,‡10*1ŠHX
~»gÉø6,ŠzâV˜´ÆŠgxykBƒðZzgZkЬāqÑ] 1999
'×h+yZ[ƒYDZ%OŠ!*îÐ0*ÎyäZKZ¯Z`zZ:šðXŠzâV”VÆŠgxyÓxZ%Ã];òÃi™äcF%ûèZ™Z]̃ñp
71 åŧb**»òÆDggìX
0*ÎyZjjîy©]gzÏZ¯Z`ÆZ=YƈZjjîyňg~Ó#ÖoÆZ0+gZðzZâyÑä~**»xg„ZzgZMZgÅ{§Z¤/zƒVÆŠgxy{:mäZjjîy
~(ÏdZyaZHqÑ]ÐÃZ+{ZVDƒñZjjîy~¤]y’q-ätz{ßv¸�gzϺÆÜsZjy˜Š~W@+Æ ~À1X 1994
‚B±}¸XZrVäZjjîy~ZKÓ#ÖÔZâg]ZsðZjjîyÆ**xJ-ZMZg~g„X 2001 ~‡ìÅ� 1996Ð
0*Îyä¬Zjjîyňg~Ó#ÖÃL™äÅÃlÅZzgZ¤/zƒV~Z·tgZñaZ™äcZC™ŠZgZŠZHp**»xg;XZ#Zjjîy~¤]yÅÓ#ÖµÂ0*ÎyäZjt™DƒñpZéªCÙÅā¤]y
Zjjîy~ZðzZâyÑNÐÔ0*ÎyÆqòƒfÔ0*ÎyÐZjy'+zZ:−YNÐZzg0*ÎyZjjîyÆgZ5zVZ¨YƘ´Æ‚BˆgC©]Z2Zg™uX@*ë¤]y»JѦÂxf!Š*ÃI7åZzg{mîg6,úgÂVÆ‚B|uZzgZ‚)0ÑŠyÆ‚B©]ÅzzФ]yÓ#ÖZ%MZzgf!˜´ÆZ‹ZŸ]»¶K:¯XÎZÑZòR6,¤]yÓ#Ö6,(,fƒðWÆ!*z�Š0*ÎyäZyÅ×e$(ÏZzg\gC
39 _________________________ 0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒÆZZŠzZg»Zq-Y,{)6102YD7491Y(
~ 2001D2000 îg6,Yg~g3ZzgZZx�{~ZjjîyÅgRÅz»ªÅX0*ÎyäÃlÅā¤]yÅ�YZzgpD0*ÎVÃ5w™}X¤]yÓ#ÖÆ‚BzZÕZzgZyÅ抙äÐÎZÑZòR6,0*ÎyÅ‚ÄOW,ƒðX0*ÎyÆZk,ZyÆ‚B©]yZ[ƒñXz‰Z¨Ygc*2VÆ‚B!*
81 pZOŠ~Zzg}©]Z2Zg™äÅ0*ÎãÃlÌ**»xg„X
Š4k5¾æXIGYŠ~ÆÜskBZzg0*ÎyÅ{gz0*Œ 2016D2001 ‚ÂZVŠzg:Ãje$IzVäZ%M6,çKZzgZkƊæZzg 2001 11m
çÙ%Zœ/öK:¯c*XTÐZ%Mû°YãZzgâàvyƒZXZy.VÅè#ÖÎZÑZòR6,ƒðXZZx�{žwZÔäÌZy.VÅè#ÖÅZzgZLZgZW6,izgŠc*āZ−ZŠŠ4k5¾æ
XIGYŠ~Ŭ@Ã@V~Z%M»‚BŠ}XQm^ZØ°{à Z%MäZy.V»f)ŠZgZjjîy~}Q‚)0ÑŠyZzg
ŒÛZgŠc*Zzg‚B‚B¤]yÓ#ÖÃ0ÑŠyÃC{Zzg把¶6,7Vf)ŠZgIZc*XZØ°{Zzg¤]yÃZC@sIZDƒñZ%MäŠ4k5¾æ
XIGYŠ~ÆÜskBÅÑz¬]ÅZzgf!˜´Æ‚BFZ¨ð˜´äZy»‚BŠ¶»Z¬Š{HX
0*ÎyZ%M©]Š4k5¾æXIGYŠ~ÆÜsZkkB~0*Îy»÷áïƒ**Z%McZ•ð¢zg~åYè0*ÎyZy&˜´~Ð÷áïåMVäZjjîy~¤]yÓ#ÖÃ:ÜstHåÉZkÆ‚B4,Šq-gzZ*Ì',ŒÛZggÇX0*ÎyÅZjjîyÆ‚BœāuuÔZ%MÅË̯Y»gzZðcZÌgBb¶X
ZkaZ%Mä0*Îy6,Š!*îeZÑāŠ4k5¾æXIGYŠ~ÆÜsZkkB~Z%M»
‚BŠ}Zzg!*syæsÓ#ÖÃZK×e$™ä6,6gHXæsÓ#ÖäZL´‡ðDÔ�CÙ~ZzgöZb6,z¤/ZxÆDZzg
C@*gõzp¢ïEGLZÆ',6102YDâga7102Y _________________________________________ 49
ZOŠ~F,¹ÃæÃgnpƒñZ%M»‚BŠc*XæsÓ#Öä¤]y0*Œ
6,-R,yfeƒñ¤]yÓ#ÖÆ‚B©]»KXZ%MZzgnZ¯Z`ÆZjjîy6,¯Y»gzZÇVc0*Îyäd~cðZzgiFuzŠ�ÛZëXX‚B‚B‚iz‚âyÅ�ÛZbÃD¯c*ZzgvZŠZgzVÅ×e$ÅZzgZKZ¯Z`Ã
ÆŒÛd$Š4k5¾æXIGYŠzVÃñ™Z%MÆ 700 Zjjîyuu6,ë]HZzg½ã
jZáHXŠ4k5¾æXIGYŠzVZzgje$IzVÆÜs0*ÎyäÃN*~F¯Y
»gzZ×VXZzgZSbŠ4k5¾æXIGYŠ~ÆÜskB~0*Îyä,ZzwÅ
gc*„Æîg6,¹Z뙊ZgZŠZHX0*Îy»Š4k5¾æ
XIGYŠ~ÆÜskB~Z뙊ZgZŠZ™ä6,Z%Mä0*ÎyÃyZ`d7HX0*ÎyÆZz6,Îñ‰‚g}çÙZzgŠÃ¦0*Èc*VUðZzgâàZzg¯YZæZŠ�ÛZëÅXZ%OŠ!*îÆ�¸g]ä0*ÎyÆ‚BÓx)bÆicèZ™Z]ÌÑzqGXZkŠzg~0*ÎyZzgZ%MÆ
©]¹pÎZggìX@*ëŠ4k5¾æXIGYŠ~ÆÜsZkkBÆZW,Z]0*Îy6,
Z•ð%æEN}7,}ZzgZkÃ(ÏÔ�YÔZOŠ~Zzg¯YR6,»°vyàXŠg|Š4k5¾æ
XIGYŠ~ÆÜskB~0*ÎyÐic*Š{ÃðZzgoOW,7ƒZX0*ÎyÃFZ0+gzãZzgÛzã)b»‚o™**7,ZXZkÅ{gz0*Œ™îg6,OW,ƒð0*ÎyÃZKZjy0*Œ6,ÃU*ã™ã7,~Zzgò-VÅ].z4WiZŠ~Æ×e$™Dƒñ0*ÎyÃ\gCîg6,»°)]»‚o™**7,ZX
0*Îy~ãCŠ6,4ZzgèIZ•I~²z`6,â,zzÐZ%MÉF¤!Vä0*ÎyÆ!*g}~ÎazœgÑzqÅX
Š4k5¾æXIGYŠ~ÆÜskB~0*ÎyÆYãâàZzgŠÃ¦vyÆ!*z�Š
Z%M0*ÎyÆ™ŠZg6,—™@*g;X,zzЊzâV˜´ÆŠgxy$+ZOŠ~ÅcaZƒˆXZ%Mä0*Îy6,—Hā0*ÎyŠ4k5¾æ
XIGYŠ~ÆÜskB~Zn‚Bìc*āe.Þ“ög;ìXnZ%O©xä0*Îy6,Z²ZxÎc*
59 _________________________ 0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒÆZZŠzZg»Zq-Y,{)6102YD7491Y(
ā0*ÎyÆZ0+gŠ4k5¾æXIGYŠzVÆôpC{Ç÷ñ�Š÷Zzg0*ÎyÆvZŠZg}
je$IzVÅ抙gì÷Z%0*ÎyäZyZ²Zâ]ÅF,Šh+ÅX
0*ÎyZjy0*Œ
ZjjîyÐgzÏZ¯Z`ÆZ=Yƈ0*ÎyäZjjîy~(ÏdZyû™äcZMZgÆŠú}ŠZgZ¤/zƒVÆŠgxyZ·tgZñÃ�ÛzrŠ¶ÅÃÒÅX@*āZjjîy~0*ÎyÅqòÓ#Ö¶ZzgZKf!
~0*ÎyƬzyÐZjjîy~¤]y 1996 uuÃôp™}XZϧbÅÓ#ÖµXZsxW!*Šä:ÜsZkÓ#ÖÃtHÉÎZÑZòR6,Zm×e$Zzg6,egHYè¤]yZzgÓ#Ö0*ÎyÆ‚BmŠz*:g;Zk§b0*ÎyÃZjjîyТŠZ]Å”àÌÃWäÐZjy'+ÅzízZ3Ôe-g&+Ñí»Xi™**Ôz‰Z¨Y˜´År-VJ-g‚ðZzg¸g]ÆÜsŠÃ¦ÕiÃ�ÛzrŠb÷áï¸X
ZjjîyÆZ0+gÑàZ�Šä¤]yÓ#ÖÅ#¿ÅZzg¸g]ÔZk,ZyÔgzkZzgZ%MäÌZÏ#¿~ÑàZ�Š»‚BŠc*X
¤]y»Z‚)0ÑŠyÆ‚B4,ŠOgzZ*¸�Z%MÃÍZg{7åZkaZ%MäÑàZ�ŠÆ‚BgzZ*gÇ@*āz{Z‚)0ÑŠyňl~æŠ
ƈZ#¤]yÅÓ#Ö»ƒðÂZ%Mä0*ÎãpZéÆ 9/11 Š}X',@Zjjîy~ÑàZ�Š-V6,ŒÓ#Ö¯ð�ā|~0*ÎyÆa
)µX !* )b~ZŸ†ZzgZjjîy~°xZPx»@*ë0*Îyä™iðÓ#ÖÅ×e$ÅZzgZjjîyÅyâ~âàZæZŠ
�ÛZëÅZzg‚B‚BÑÅVÅ®ZŠ~Zjy'+Åö!*ãÌÅX0*ÎyŧsÐZyŠz*:»ñVÆ!*z�ŠZjjîyÆZd©xä0*Îyŧs
~ZjybCÙ+ä0*Îã\g•ä6,úH 2003 uŠ$~»',@*î',ŒÛZgg3X
C@*gõzp¢ïEGLZÆ',6102YDâga7102Y _________________________________________ 69
Zzg0*ÎyÆ‚Buu6,ZjãcgKZ−gzVä)baZK,zzУòR6,Q8ƒNX
œg™iðÉZkÆ»ŸäF%û0*Îy6,Z²Zâ]Îñā0*Îy¤]yÅ抙g;ì@*āZmÓ#ÖÃ$zg™,Zy»Iåā0*ÎyÆZ0+g
je$IzVÃF,KMŠ~YCì@*ë0*ÎyäZyZ²Zâ]ÅF,Šh+Zzgè#ÖÅX™iðZOðÆZyZ²Zâ]ä:Üs0*ÎyZzgZjjîyÆŠgxy
©]~>ÏaZÅÉŠ4k5¾æXIGYŠ~ÆÜskB~0*Î㙊Zg6,Z%MÆZn´z{ZjjîyZzgz‰Z¨Y~(,kƒZ¸gCZW, “uz2]~ZŸ†HX
zgÎcÌ0*ÎycZq-™ç{g;Zq-'qìāëZjjîy~ZLZU*NVÃÅ`÷ZzgZ[ë'Z5ðz(Ïö~Zµê9}
‚Y ÷XZjjîyÆZ0+gŠÔ˜´ÆvZŠZg}ñ�Š÷�ā0*ÎyÅ02 cç**ußg�wìX
¸g]©]ZzgXò D 0*uYÃä 2001 YÃZzgŠ‹~Šc 2001 ¸g]ä§Vzò~ZÆ',
zZázZu]Ãgc*4Šc¤/Š~ŒÛZgŠïƒñZK¯`Ã0*Îãuu6,a¾HZzg†!Z¨YÃ�CÙ~£ŠxÆŠ;ä6,Š‡Šc*X¸gCÓ#ÖZzgzc*ä0*ÎyÆÜsZq-±6,z"ZÑzqHā0*Îy»ZØ°{ZzgŠ4k5¾æ
XIGYŠ¡VÆ‚BvgzZ*÷X@*āÎZÑZò',ZŠg~Çb™}ā0*ÎyÊ4k5¾æ
XIGYŠoŒÛZgŠ}ZzgZj´‡ðßg]qwÐ**Y,ÃZ+{ZVDƒñ¸g]äò~we$IWiZŠ~Å’q-Ê4k5¾æ
XIGYŠ’q-ŒÛZgŠc*XZzgZ%O×e$qÝ™äÅÃÒÅāæsÓ#ÖÃò0*Œ~p~6,6g™}X¸g]Zk
Ñ~ËuJ-»x[g;XZ%MäH©Zzgá·~Ê4k5¾æXIGYŠ°ŒÛZg
Šc*Z%OZzg¸gC\gCÆŠ!*îÆ�æsÓ#ÖäH©Zzgá·~6,
79 _________________________ 0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒÆZZŠzZg»Zq-Y,{)6102YD7491Y(
0*È~Îð’q-QtZzg(ô/Åw»]zZi]6,Ãg¿YñÏXje$IzVÅ»°®ZŠÃ¤/ëgHZzg˜Š~¡VÆJZ»îÛß™Š�X
æsÓ#Ö»˜Š~¡VÆZk¿Ã¶K:¯äÆZk¿Ã0*Îã(+ZâVÔâCÙ+ZzgúZxätŒÛZgŠc*ZzgZÐò6,Zq-p~Zzg-R,yŒŠHaè'Z5ðZzg(ÏÚø~ò0*ÎycZ•ðZëg;ì@*ëŠ4k5¾æ
XIGYŠ~ÆÜskBäæsÓ#ÖÃò6,Zßàñ�ÐUc*X
~Z%MZzgÎZÑZòU*æƬzyÐ0*ÎyZzg¸g]ä 2002
ZKZKZ¯Z`uuzVÐzZ:šðZzgZSbZq-�CÙ~kB»ç{TÞŠHX!*b)bÃYìZðèZ™Z]Æfg)i™äcæsZzgzZ‹ðÆ
~Z·tgZñaZƒZ,zzÐèZ™Z]»Zq-ŸŠzgÑzq 2004 ŠgxyƒZXZkŠzgZyŠzâV˜´ÆŠgxy©]~4~WðX@*ëtpÎZg©]
~›Š}ÃVä 2008 ~õMZÝöZzg 2007 Šk,0*U*"$7ƒñZzgZq-%ûQ0*ÎyZzg¸g]Æ©]~>ÏaZÅX,zzЊzâV
12 ˜´ÆŠgxyèZ™Z]ÊØZg~»‚o™**7,ZX
uÆ‚B©]Š4k5¾æXIGYŠ~ÆÜskB~uZzg0*ÎyäZz�;]Zzgø»]Æ
¯Y6,Z§hVÐZ%MÆ‚BZK×e$»ZÖgHXuZK50*ŒÃ´‡ðZzgÎZÑZòR6,gzúƒäzZàp=VÅgzÝ~zä™Cg„²0*ÎyÆ0*kZ%M»‚BŠ¶Æ´z{ÃðgZ37åXkB~0*Îy»Z%MÆ‚B¬zy6,uÃÃðZ‹Zn7åX10*Îy~Z%OZ¯Z`Åñ�ŠÏucœ„tg;X@*ëuä0*ÎyÆqÑ]ÃæÃgnpƒñ
Zn‚BõMHZzgZSbÐZyŠzâV˜´Æ©]6,ÃðtZW,:7,ZX0*Îy¹7-~eÏI’q-ÃNzw™ä~uc¹ÆU*"$
C@*gõzp¢ïEGLZÆ',6102YDâga7102Y _________________________________________ 89
~0*Îy 2004 ~0*ÎyäF,Îy’q-ÆgÉÃâgZZzgZ~ 2003 g;XZzgì¯æVä¹8-ß"~Z−ZŠŠ4k5¾æ
XIGYŠ~ÅœāwÌXZkœā¯YwÐt!*]zZãƒCìā0*ÎãÓ#ÖuÅZkpZéÃJw™C
ìā¹8-~eÏI’q-ûHYñZ#èIZ•IzVäì!*°zVÃZZHÂæsÓ#Öä¹¢ZyÆÜs¯Y»ggzZðÅÑw
K»zZ§ZyzZu]ÅWy~š/~¶X6,zm,æsÅÓ#Ö»ƒäƈ0*Îy~(ÏÓ‘µXMV
äŠ4k5¾æXIGYŠ~ÌskB~Z%MÅ×e$ÂYg~g¿p‚B‚BuÆ‚B©]ÃÌL™äÅÃlÅXŠzâV”VÆŠgxypDÔ�YÔ
ZOŠ~ZzgŠÃ¦¬zy',ŒÛZgg;ZzgŠzâV˜´ÆŠgxy´‡ðZzgÎZÑZòZñg6,ìÑ]~öZzg7+M‡ìg„XZ¤/Z%M¸g]ÃZOŠ~ZzgŠÃ¦jZáТo¯äÅÃl™g„¶ÂuCÙˆ~0*ÎyÅ抙g;åXñ�Š{Šzg~ŠzâV˜´ÆŠgxyÜeZ°iÆF,ªCµ1V6,»xYg~
22 ìT~ЃÐZëµ/u0*ÎyZOŠ~gZ@Zg~»µ/ìXTÐw~Zk´‘ÅZOŠ~qª$+wYñÏX
jZ!Y]1. Government of Pakistan, Foreign Office Year Book 2012-2013 (Islamabad:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2013), p. ix.
2. Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema, Pakistan's Defence Policy 1947-58 (London:
Macmillan Press, 1990), pp. 28-32.
3. Hasan-Askari Rizvi, "Pakistan's Foreign policy: An overview 1947-2004."
PILDAT Briefing Paper. Lahore: Pakistan Institute of Legislative
Development and Transparency, 2004, p. 11.
4. Rais Ahmad Khan, ed., In Search of Peace and Security: Forty Years of
Pakistan-United States Relations (Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1990),
p. 31.
5. S. M. Burke and Lawrence Ziring, Pakistan Foreign Policy: An Historical
99 _________________________ 0*ÎyÅ{gz0*ŒÆZZŠzZg»Zq-Y,{)6102YD7491Y(
Analysis (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1994), pp. 164-170.
6. S. M. Burke and Lawrence Ziring, 201-218. For detail see Abdul Sattar,
Pakistan Foreign Policy 1947-2005: A Concise History (Karachi: Oxford
University Press, 2007), pp. 53-66.
7. Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema, pp. 155.
8. Mohammad Ayub Khan, Friends not Masters: A Political Autobiography
(Islamabad: Mr. Books, 2006), pp. 164-166.
9. Hasan-Askari Rizvi, pp. 14-16.
10. Rias Ahmad Khan, pp. 43-45.
11. Hasan-Askari Rizvi, p. 17.
12. Omer Farooq Zain, Zufi Bhutto's Foreign Policy: Vocalization for
self-reliance and vivification of integrity", Pakistan Journal of Social
Sciences, vol. 32, no. 2 (2012), pp. 429-430.
13. Ibid, 131-133. Also see Abdul Sattar, pp. 145-149.
14. A. Z. Hilali, US-Pakistan Relationship: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
(U.S.A.: Ashgate Publisher, 2005), pp. 118-130.
15. Hasan-Askari Rizvi, pp. 19-20.
16. Abdul Sattar, pp. 225-226. See also Tehmina Mahmood, "Pressler
Amendment and Pakistan's Security Concerns", Pakistan Horizon, vol. 47,
no. 4 (October 1994), pp. 101-105.
17. Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema, "Black laws for Kashmiris", The News, March 30,
2002.
18. Naseem Ahmed, "Pakistan Taliban Policy 1994-1999", The Dialogue vii,
no. 1 (January-March 2002): pp. 82-95.
19. For detail see Fazal Rabbi, "U.S.-led War on Terrorism and its
Repercussions for Pakistan," Pakistan Journal of History and Culture xxxiii,
no. 2 (July-December 2012): pp. 71-90
20. Ibid, 81-82. See also Kamal Matinuddin, "Post 9/11 Afghanistan", South
Asia Journal Issue 3 (January-March 2004), pp. 108.
21. Khurshid Mehmood Kasuri, "Pakistan's Foreign Policy", Pakistan Horizon
vol. 58, no. 3 (July 2005), pp. 48. 50.
22. Rashid Ahmed Khan, "P akis tan and China: Cooperat ion in
counter-terrorism", http://issi.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/13794792
13_96964375.pdf (accessed 25.3.2016).
///
C@*gõzp¢ïEGLZÆ',6102YDâga7102Y _________________________________________ 001