The Emergence of Molecular Biology in the Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer: A Network Perspective !
Rotolo Daniele (SPRU, University of Sussex, [email protected], www.danielerotolo.com, @danielerotolo),!Michael M. Hopkins (SPRU, University of Sussex), Ismael Rafols (INGENIO, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia),!
Stuart Hogarth (Dept. of Social Science, Health and Medicine, King's College London)!
Tie formation (dyad)!
• How do different institutional groups of actors shape technological emergence through inter-organisational networks? !
• How does the role of institutional groups in inter-organisational networks evolve over the emergence process?!
Research questions!
Brokerage roles (triad)!
Co-
auth
orsh
ip n
etw
ork!
log2 number of !publications!
Research and Higher Education (RHE) !Universities, university hospitals, medical centres (involved in teaching activities), colleges and schools, research centres/institutes!
co-authorship!
Industry (IND) !Pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms, consultants, laboratories (when independent from other organisations) !
Governmental (GOV) !Nat./pub. agencies/bureaus, health boards, nat. institutes, registries, nat. labs, pub. dept., councils, nat. programmes/initiatives, ministries, regional centres, international organisations supported by governments !
Non-governmental (NGO) !Societies, associations, other non-profit organisations, charities, foundations !
Hospitals and Care (HC) !Medical centres, clinics, infirmaries, cancer centres, medical groups/associates, healthcare providers !
Other (OT) !Organisations not in the previous categories !
• 4,721 publications from 1980 to 2011 –MEDLINE/PubMed data matched with Scopus (Rotolo & Leydesdorff, 2015)!
• Query based on MeSH (Medical Subject Headings): descriptors (uterine cervical neoplasms, uterine cervical dysplasia, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) and !qualifier (diagnosis)!
• 3,072 affiliations (harmonisation of 9,806 variations of affiliation names)!
• Science and Technology Policy!Emerging technologies as technology capable of changing the the status quo (e.g. Rotolo et al. 2015RP, Small et al. 2014RP)!
• (Evolutionary) Economics !Technological trajectories/paradigms (e.g. Dosi 1982RP), lock-in and path dependence (e.g. David 1985AER) !
• Science and Technology Studies (STS) Socio-technical regimes, visions, expectations and directionality of technological developments (e.g. Geels 2002RP, Stirling and Scoones 2009ES)!
• The role of inter-organisational networks!Inter-organisational relationships as enabling actors to engage with the ‘problematisations’ of an emerging technology (Blume 1992)!!Innovation is “commonly found in the interstices between firms, universities, research laboratories, suppliers, and customer” (Powell 1990: 118) !!Ties provide actors with access to knowledge and resources, whereas the configurations of these relationships may affect power distribution (e.g. Brass 1992)!
Conceptual framework!
Data!
Findings!• Ties with HC in the early phase of emergence are
important for most groups, especially for RHE, IND!
• All institutional groups form predominantly inter-group ties, except RHE!
• All groups perform the full variety of (‘intra’ and ‘between’ groups) brokering roles to some extent!
• The predominant forms of brokering roles played by different institutional groups are relatively stable during the emergence process, although the intensity of brokerage activity varies over time!
• NGOs and IND actors play a similar role as !liaison-type brokers!
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RHE!
GOV!
HC!
IND!
NGO!
• Cervical cancer: one of the most common cancers among women – about 528,000 new cases and 266,000 deaths each year (WHO 2012)!
• Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) as its association with cervical cancer!!
• The emergence of diagnosis: !Pap vs. HPV test!
Year
Num
ber o
f pub
licat
ions
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
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100
150
200
250
300
350
400
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pathologydiagnosisradiotherapyprevention & controlsurgeryvirologyepidemiologytherapydrug therapygenetics
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
RHE−NGORHE−INDRHE−HCRHE−GOVRHE−RHE
Year (end of the time window)
Num
ber o
f tie
s
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year (end of the time window)
Prop
ortio
n of
ties
0
20
40
60
80
100
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
GOV−NGOGOV−INDGOV−HCGOV−RHEGOV−GOV
Year (end of the time window)
Num
ber o
f tie
s
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year (end of the time window)
Prop
ortio
n of
ties
0
20
40
60
80
100
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
HC−NGOHC−INDHC−GOVHC−RHEHC−HC
Year (end of the time window)
Num
ber o
f tie
s
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year (end of the time window)
Prop
ortio
n of
ties
0
20
40
60
80
100
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
IND−NGOIND−HCIND−GOVIND−RHEIND−IND
Year (end of the time window)
Num
ber o
f tie
s
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Year (end of the time window)
Prop
ortio
n of
ties
0
20
40
60
80
100
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
NGO−INDNGO−HCNGO−GOVNGO−RHENGO−NGO
Num
ber o
f tie
s
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Prop
ortio
n of
ties
0
20
40
60
80
100
The disease!
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●
Year (end of the time window)
Prob
abilit
y to
bro
ker
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
● CoordinatorGatekeeperItinerant BrokerLiaison
●● ●
●●
●
●
●
●
Year (end of the time window)
Prob
abilit
y to
bro
ker
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
● CoordinatorGatekeeperItinerant BrokerLiaison
● ● ●
●●
●
● ● ●
●
●
●
Year (end of the time window)
Prob
abilit
y to
bro
ker
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
● CoordinatorGatekeeperItinerant BrokerLiaison
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Year (end of the time window)
Prob
abilit
y to
bro
ker
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
● CoordinatorGatekeeperItinerant BrokerLiaison
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Year (end of the time window)
Prob
abilit
y to
bro
ker
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
● CoordinatorGatekeeperItinerant BrokerLiaison
XXXV SUNBELT Conference!Brighton (UK), 23-29 June 2015!
