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Cloud Variables Top pressure
Bottom pressure
Cloud cover/cloud detection
Optical thickness
Liquid water
Effective radius
Particle phaseParticle shape
Cloud type
X
X
X
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Bottom pressure/heigth
• A chi serve? Aviazione, bilancio radiativo (LW bottom)
• Come si stima? - Spessore (topmolecolare-topO2)
- LWC - Tipo (climatologia) - cloud radar
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Cloud type
• A chi serve
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+
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+
Optical thickness
Bid
irect
iona
l ref
lect
ance
g = 0.85= 0.86= 0.87
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Ice particle habit
• A chi serve
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S. Platnick, ISSAOS ‘02
Ice Cloud MicrophysicsCRYSTAL-FACE, A. Heymsfield
25 July 2002(VIPS)
25 July 2002(VIPS)
CPI: 7 July 2002
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Ice cloud microphysics, cont.
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MODIS ice crystal library habits/shapes
S. Platnick, ISSAOS ‘02
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Yang et al., “Single-scattering properties of complex ice crystals in terrestrial Atmosphere”, Contr. Atmos. Phys., 71, 223-248, 1998.
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Effective radius and optical thickness2 2
0 0 0 0 0
( ) ( ) 2 ( )z z z
ext extk dz r Q r n r drdz r n r drdz
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CLM: Cloud microphysical properties
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mod05
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• The reflection function of a nonabsorbing band (e.g., 0.86 µm) is primarily a function of optical thickness
• The reflection function of a near-infrared absorbing band (e.g., 2.14 µm) is primarily a function of effective radius– clouds with small drops (or
ice crystals) reflect more than those with large particles
• For optically thick clouds, there is a near orthogonality in the retrieval of c and re using a visible and near-infrared band
Retrieval of c and re
Liquid Water Clouds - ocean surface
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• The reflection function of a nonabsorbing band (e.g., 0.86 µm) is primarily a function of optical thickness
• The reflection function of a near-infrared absorbing band (e.g., 2.14 µm) is primarily a function of effective radius–clouds with small drops (or ice crystals) reflect more than those with large particles
• For optically thick clouds, there is a near orthogonality in the retrieval of c and re using a visible and near-infrared band
Retrieval of c and re
Ice Clouds - ocean surface
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Cloud Optical & Microphysical Properties Retrieval ExampleLiquid Water Clouds - ocean surface Liquid Water Clouds - ice surface
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Multiple scatteringwater cloud examples
S. Platnick, ISSAOS ‘02
Optical thickness
1- = 0
Bid
irect
iona
l ref
lect
ance
g = 0.85= 0.86= 0.87
reflectance vs. asymmetry parameter (g)
g = < cos() p()> ~ re
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S. Platnick, ISSAOS ‘02
1- re
Bid
irect
iona
l ref
lect
ance
Optical thickness Optical thickness
g = 0.85
1- = 0.006
1- = 0
1- = 0.020
1- = 0.006
g = < cos() p()> ~ re
1- = 0
g = 0.85= 0.86= 0.87
reflectance vs. asymmetry parameter (g)
Multiple scattering - reflectancewater cloud examples
reflectance vs. 1-0 (R ~1-0N)
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Ship track schematic
N ~ 40 cm-3
W ~ 0.30 g m-3
re ~ 11.2 µm
N ~ 100 cm-3
W ~ 0.75 g m-3
re ~ 10.5 µm
S. Platnick, ISSAOS ‘02
courtesy, P. Durkee
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Level-1B Image of California Stratus with Ship Tracks
marine marine stratocumulusstratocumulus
April 25, 2001
Red =0.65 µmGreen = 0.56 µmBlue =0.47 µm
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Level-1B Image of California Stratus with Ship Tracks
April 25, 2001
Red =0.65 µmGreen = 0.56 µmBlue =0.47 µm
3.7 µm band3.7 µm band
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CLM: Cloud microphysical properties• Cloud effective droplet radius• Cloud optical thickness
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Cloud phase
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10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
10-2
100
0.1 1 10
mi water mi ice
Imag
inar
y R
efra
ctio
n In
dex
Wave Length [m]
VIS
0.9
3.810.8
12.0
ABS
ORP
TIO
N
1.6
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IR thermodynamic phase retrieval (B. Baum, S. Ackerman, S. Nasiri, NASA LaRC, U. Wisconsin/CIMSS)
S. Platnick, ISSAOS ‘02
Abs
orpt
ion
coef
ficie
nt (c
m-1)
water
ice
ice
16.7 14.3 11.1 10.0 9.1 8.3 µm12.5
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S. Platnick, ISSAOS ‘02
High Ice clouds
BTD[8.5-11] > 0 over a largerange of optical thicknesses Tcld = 228 K
Midlevel clouds
BTD[8.5-11] values are similar(i.e., negative) for both waterand ice cloudsTcld = 253 K
Low-level, warm clouds
BTD[8.5-11] values alwaysnegativeTcld = 273 K
Ice: Cirrus model derived from FIRE-I in-situ data *Water: re=10 mAngles = 45o, = 20o, and 40o
Profile: midlatitude summer
Simulations of Ice and Water Phase Clouds8.5 - 11 m BT Differences
=
=
*Nasiri et al, 2001Nasiri et al., 2002
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Bispectral IR algorithm
Uncertain
Mixed
Phase
Ice
Liquid
Water
No
Retrieval
Effect of multilayered clouds
S. Platnick, ISSAOS ‘02
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CLP Cloud phase
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Ice/Water Clouds Separate in 8.6-11 vs 11-12 um BT plots
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Cloud Composition
Ice Cloud
Water Cloud
Contrails
Contrails
Infrared Temperature Difference - 8.6 m (Band 29) - 11.0 m (Band 31)
Infrared Temperature Difference - 11.0 m (Band 31) - 12.0 m (Band 32)
MODIS Image Over Kansas - 21 April 1996