WORLD WAR WORLD WAR LOOMSLOOMS
CHAPTER 16CHAPTER 16
Dictators Threaten Dictators Threaten World PeaceWorld Peace
Section 1Section 1
At the end of World War I, the Treaty At the end of World War I, the Treaty of Versailles caused anger & of Versailles caused anger &
resentment…resentment…
New democratic governments, New democratic governments, hurt by economic & social hurt by economic & social
problems, floundered & turned to problems, floundered & turned to dictatorships.dictatorships.
In the Soviet Union, In the Soviet Union, JosephJoseph StalinStalin came to power in came to power in
1924.1924.
He was a ruthless leader who let He was a ruthless leader who let nothing stand in his way.nothing stand in his way.
Stalin focused on creating a model Stalin focused on creating a model communist state.communist state.
Stalin created a TOTALITARIAN Stalin created a TOTALITARIAN government.government.
(a government w/complete control (a government w/complete control over its citizens)over its citizens)
Individuals had no rights, & Individuals had no rights, & the government put down all the government put down all
opposition.opposition.
At the same time, At the same time, BenitoBenito MussoliniMussolini was creating a was creating a totalitarian state in totalitarian state in ItalyItaly
His political movement was called His political movement was called FascismFascism (Strong, centralized (Strong, centralized
government headed by a dictator which government headed by a dictator which grow out of extreme nationalism.)grow out of extreme nationalism.)
Mussolini was a passionate public speakerBenito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler
Another Fascist party came Another Fascist party came to power in Germany under to power in Germany under
the leadership of the leadership of Adolf Adolf HitlerHitler..
His political philosophy was called His political philosophy was called NazismNazism..
He hoped to unite all German-speaking He hoped to unite all German-speaking people into a new German empire, or people into a new German empire, or
Reich.Reich.
In 1932, the Nazi Party gained In 1932, the Nazi Party gained power. Hitler became chancellor in power. Hitler became chancellor in
January 1933.January 1933.
He did away w/the Weimar Republic & He did away w/the Weimar Republic & set up the Third Reich, or 3set up the Third Reich, or 3rdrd German German
empire.empire.
Hitler believed that Germans- Hitler believed that Germans- especially blond, blue-eyed especially blond, blue-eyed
“Aryans”- were the master race.“Aryans”- were the master race.
According to Hitler, Aryans were meant According to Hitler, Aryans were meant to have power over all “inferior races”, to have power over all “inferior races”,
such as Jews & nonwhites. Hitler such as Jews & nonwhites. Hitler believed Germany needed to expand-believed Germany needed to expand-
gain territory- so that the German gain territory- so that the German people could thrive.people could thrive.
““If I can send the flower of the German nation If I can send the flower of the German nation into the hell of war without the smallest pity for into the hell of war without the smallest pity for the spilling of precious German blood, then surely the spilling of precious German blood, then surely I have the right to remove millions of an inferior I have the right to remove millions of an inferior race that breeds like vermin ..." race that breeds like vermin ..." Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler
Meanwhile, in Asia, military Meanwhile, in Asia, military leaders had taken over Japan:leaders had taken over Japan:
They believed Japan needed more land & They believed Japan needed more land & resources.resources.
Japan attacked Japan attacked ManchuriaManchuria, a province of China, , a province of China, in 1931.in 1931.
The League of Nations protested, but Japan left The League of Nations protested, but Japan left the League & kept Manchuria.the League & kept Manchuria.
This cartoon of 1933, by the British cartoonist David Low, is This cartoon of 1933, by the British cartoonist David Low, is entitled: 'The Doormat'. It shows a Japanese soldier entitled: 'The Doormat'. It shows a Japanese soldier
trampling all over the League, whilst League officials bow trampling all over the League, whilst League officials bow down before him and the British Foreign Secretary John down before him and the British Foreign Secretary John
Simon powders the League's nose using a 'Face-saving kit'.Simon powders the League's nose using a 'Face-saving kit'.
This cartoon of 1933 shows the Japanese actions destroying This cartoon of 1933 shows the Japanese actions destroying international agreements such as the Kellogg Pact and the international agreements such as the Kellogg Pact and the
League of Nations Covenant. League of Nations Covenant.
The League’s failure to stop The League’s failure to stop Japan made Hitler & Japan made Hitler & Mussolini bolder….Mussolini bolder….
Hitler sent troops into the Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland & rebuilt the Rhineland & rebuilt the
German army.German army.
These acts broke the These acts broke the Versailles Treaty.Versailles Treaty.
Mussolini captured the Mussolini captured the African nation of Ethiopia. African nation of Ethiopia.
The leader of Ethiopia asked the The leader of Ethiopia asked the League for help. When the League for help. When the
League did nothing, he said, “It is League did nothing, he said, “It is us today, It will be you us today, It will be you
tomorrow.”tomorrow.”
In Spain, General In Spain, General Francisco FrancoFrancisco Franco led a rebellion to overthrow the led a rebellion to overthrow the
elected government.elected government.
Hitler & Mussolini supported Hitler & Mussolini supported Franco w/troops & weapons.Franco w/troops & weapons.
When Franco won in ’39, Europe When Franco won in ’39, Europe had another totalitarian had another totalitarian
government.government.
Q:Q: What 5 major countries What 5 major countries were ruled by dictatorships in were ruled by dictatorships in
the 1930’s?the 1930’s?
The U.S. responded cautiously to The U.S. responded cautiously to the rise of dictators…the rise of dictators…
““Isolationism” became more Isolationism” became more popular. Most Americans wanted popular. Most Americans wanted
the U.S. to stay out of foreign the U.S. to stay out of foreign conflicts.conflicts.
Protest march to prevent American involvement in WWII
U.S. passed the U.S. passed the “Neutrality Acts”“Neutrality Acts”
These laws banned loans or These laws banned loans or arms sale to nations at war.arms sale to nations at war.
Austria & Austria & Czechoslovakia FallCzechoslovakia Fall
How did Britain & France How did Britain & France react to Hitler’s aggression?react to Hitler’s aggression?
Hitler decided that the new living Hitler decided that the new living space the German people needed space the German people needed would come from nearby Austria & would come from nearby Austria &
Czechoslovakia.Czechoslovakia.
And he was willing to use And he was willing to use force to do it!force to do it!
In March 1938, German In March 1938, German troops marched into troops marched into
Austria.Austria.
They met no opposition. Germany They met no opposition. Germany announced an Anschluss, or announced an Anschluss, or
“union” w/Austria.“union” w/Austria.
Then Hitler claimed that the Czechs Then Hitler claimed that the Czechs were mistreating German –speaking were mistreating German –speaking
people in an area called the people in an area called the Sudetenland.Sudetenland.
He massed troops on the He massed troops on the border.border.
France & Britain promised to defend France & Britain promised to defend Czechoslovakia.Czechoslovakia.
Their leaders met w/Hitler in Munich , Their leaders met w/Hitler in Munich , Germany.Germany.
Hitler promised that the Hitler promised that the Sudetenland would be his “last Sudetenland would be his “last
territorial demand.”territorial demand.”
Adolf Hitler and Neville Chamberlain after the Munich Agreement which gave Czechoslovakia to Hitler
Neville Chamberlain was the British Neville Chamberlain was the British prime minister who signed the prime minister who signed the
Munich Pact in September 1938.Munich Pact in September 1938.
It gave the Sudetenland to It gave the Sudetenland to Germany.Germany.
MAP OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA MAP OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA SHOWING THE SUDETENLAND SHOWING THE SUDETENLAND
Another British leader, Another British leader, Winston Winston ChurchillChurchill, disagreed. He called , disagreed. He called
the Pact dishonorable the Pact dishonorable appeasement. appeasement.
Churchill predicted that Churchill predicted that appeasement would appeasement would
eventually lead to war.eventually lead to war.
Hitler did not keep the promise Hitler did not keep the promise he made at Munich.he made at Munich.
In March of ’39, he conquered In March of ’39, he conquered the rest of Czechoslovakia.the rest of Czechoslovakia.
Then Hitler began to claim that Then Hitler began to claim that Germans living in Germans living in Poland Poland were were
being persecuted.being persecuted.
Many thought Hitler would never attack Many thought Hitler would never attack Poland.Poland.
They thought he would be afraid that the They thought he would be afraid that the Soviet Union, on Poland’s eastern border, Soviet Union, on Poland’s eastern border,
would then fight Germany.would then fight Germany.
But Germany & Soviet Union signed But Germany & Soviet Union signed a “nonaggression pact”, an a “nonaggression pact”, an
agreement not to fight each other.agreement not to fight each other.
In a secret part of this treaty, In a secret part of this treaty, Hitler & Stalin also agreed to Hitler & Stalin also agreed to
divide Poland b/w them.divide Poland b/w them.
Soviet Foreign Commissar Vyacheslav Molotov signs the Soviet Foreign Commissar Vyacheslav Molotov signs the German-Soviet nonaggression pact; Joachim von Ribbentrop German-Soviet nonaggression pact; Joachim von Ribbentrop and Josef Stalin stand behind himand Josef Stalin stand behind him. . Moscow, August 23, 1939, from Patch-Moscow, August 23, 1939, from Patch-
NANA
On September 1, 1939, Hitler On September 1, 1939, Hitler launched World War II by launched World War II by
attacking Poland.attacking Poland.
Soviet and German soldiers meeting after the invasion of Poland
The Germans used a new strategy The Germans used a new strategy called a “called a “blitzkriegblitzkrieg”, or lightning ”, or lightning
war.war.
They used tanks & planes to take the enemy by They used tanks & planes to take the enemy by surprise & crush them quickly.surprise & crush them quickly.
German troops dismantle a Polish border checkpoint,September 1, 1939, as World War II begins.
Here a Nazi unit is en route to Poland at the end of Here a Nazi unit is en route to Poland at the end of September, 1939. Handwritten on the side of the train car is, September, 1939. Handwritten on the side of the train car is,
"We are going to Poland to thrash the Jews.""We are going to Poland to thrash the Jews."
Photo credit: Meczenstwo Walka, Zaglada Zydów Polsce 1939-1945. Poland. No. 26.Photo credit: Meczenstwo Walka, Zaglada Zydów Polsce 1939-1945. Poland. No. 26.
Britain & France declared Britain & France declared war on Germany!war on Germany!
Poland fell to the Poland fell to the Germans in a Germans in a
month…month…
Meanwhile, the Meanwhile, the SovietsSoviets attacked attacked Poland from the east, & grabbed Poland from the east, & grabbed
some of its territory.some of its territory.
For the next few months, For the next few months, not much happened.not much happened.This was called the This was called the
“phony war.”“phony war.”
French & British troops French & British troops gathered on the French gathered on the French
border.border.
German troops also waited.German troops also waited.
Meanwhile, Stalin seized regions Meanwhile, Stalin seized regions that the Soviet Union had lost in that the Soviet Union had lost in
WWI.WWI.
He took the Baltic states in September & He took the Baltic states in September & October ‘39October ‘39
FinlandFinland resisted, & was conquered only resisted, & was conquered only after fierce fighting in March 1940.after fierce fighting in March 1940.
In April, Hitler launched In April, Hitler launched surprise invasions of surprise invasions of Denmark & Norway.Denmark & Norway.
Then in May, he quickly took Then in May, he quickly took the Netherlands, Belgium & the Netherlands, Belgium &
Luxembourg.Luxembourg.
Germany attacked France Germany attacked France in May 1940.in May 1940.
Meanwhile, Italy joined the war on Meanwhile, Italy joined the war on Germany’s side. The Italians Germany’s side. The Italians
attacked France from the south. attacked France from the south. France surrendered quickly.France surrendered quickly.
The Germans occupied the northern part of The Germans occupied the northern part of France while a Nazi-controlled puppet France while a Nazi-controlled puppet
government, called the government, called the Vichy governmentVichy government, , ruled the southern part of France.ruled the southern part of France.
Presidential flag of Vichy France
The French general The French general Charles de Charles de GaulleGaulle set up a French government in set up a French government in
exile in England.exile in England.He promised to free France from the He promised to free France from the
Nazis.Nazis.
General de Gaulle reviewing troops
General de Gaulle speaking on the BBC during the war.
Hitler now made plans Hitler now made plans to invade Britain.to invade Britain.
He began with air raids over He began with air raids over England.England.
Nazi German Luftwaffe
British Royal Air Force and allies
The Germans bombed The Germans bombed London night after night in London night after night in
August 1940.August 1940.
The British air force The British air force (RAF)(RAF) defended Britain against these defended Britain against these
attacks. They used a new attacks. They used a new technology called technology called radarradar, & shot , & shot
down hundreds of German planes.down hundreds of German planes.
This air war was called the This air war was called the BattleBattle of Britain.of Britain.
The new prime minister, The new prime minister, Winston Winston ChurchillChurchill, rallied the spirits of the , rallied the spirits of the
British people & declared that Britain British people & declared that Britain would never surrender.would never surrender.
Hitler gave up the idea of invading Hitler gave up the idea of invading Britain.Britain.
Dec. 29, 1940 - St. Paul's Cathedralemerges from the flames duringone of the most devastating raids
THE HOLOCAUSTTHE HOLOCAUST
Section 3Section 3
Part of Hitler’s plan for Part of Hitler’s plan for Germany was to make the Germany was to make the country racially pure. In country racially pure. In
1933, Hitler ordered all 1933, Hitler ordered all non-non-AryansAryans out of government out of government
jobs.jobs.
Then Hitler began an Then Hitler began an organized persecution of non-organized persecution of non-Aryans, particularly of Aryans, particularly of JewsJews..
A dog lies on a park bench which is A dog lies on a park bench which is marked "Nur fuer Arier!" [Only for marked "Nur fuer Arier!" [Only for
Aryans]Aryans] Date:Date: Mar 1938 Mar 1938
Locale:Locale: Vienna, Austria Vienna, Austria Credit:Credit: USHMM, courtesy of Unknown Provenance USHMM, courtesy of Unknown Provenance
Copyright:Copyright: USHMM USHMM
Civilians ride a streetcar in Civilians ride a streetcar in Belgrade thatBelgrade that isis markedmarked "Fuer Juden "Fuer Juden
Verboten" Verboten" (Forbidden to Jews).(Forbidden to Jews). Date:Date: 1941 - 1942 1941 - 1942
Locale:Locale: Belgrade, [Serbia] Yugoslavia; Serbia; Belehrad; Bilehrad; Nandorfehervar Belgrade, [Serbia] Yugoslavia; Serbia; Belehrad; Bilehrad; Nandorfehervar Credit:Credit:
Copyright:Copyright: Agency Agreement (No Fees) Agency Agreement (No Fees)
This resulted in the This resulted in the HOLOCAUST….HOLOCAUST….
The systematic murder of over 11 The systematic murder of over 11 million people across Europe.million people across Europe.
Over half of the murdered people Over half of the murdered people were Jews.were Jews.
Studio portrait of a prewar Belgian-Jewish family.
Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism had a long had a long history in Germany & in history in Germany & in other parts of Europe…other parts of Europe…
For a long time, Germans had used Jews as a For a long time, Germans had used Jews as a scapegoatscapegoat..
Therefore, when Hitler blamed Jews for Therefore, when Hitler blamed Jews for Germany’s defeat in WWI, many agreed.Germany’s defeat in WWI, many agreed.
When Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany’s When Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany’s economic problems, many Germans supported economic problems, many Germans supported
him.him.
Persecution of Jews Persecution of Jews increased under Hitler….increased under Hitler….
In 1935, new laws took away Jews’ In 1935, new laws took away Jews’ civil rights & their property.civil rights & their property.
Jew were forced to wear yellow Jew were forced to wear yellow stars of David on their clothing.stars of David on their clothing.
Humiliation was a part of the psychological warfare Humiliation was a part of the psychological warfare that Nazis used against their enemies. In Poland, a that Nazis used against their enemies. In Poland, a
soldier tutors two Jewish men on how to give the Nazi soldier tutors two Jewish men on how to give the Nazi salute correctly.salute correctly.
Photo credit: Meczenstwo Walka, Zaglada Zydów Polsce 1939-1945. Poland. No. 37.Photo credit: Meczenstwo Walka, Zaglada Zydów Polsce 1939-1945. Poland. No. 37.
On November 9, 1938, On November 9, 1938, organized, violent organized, violent
persecution began with persecution began with Kristallnacht.Kristallnacht.
This is a German word meaning This is a German word meaning “crystal night”, or night of broken “crystal night”, or night of broken
glass.glass.
Many Jews started to flee Germany.Many Jews started to flee Germany.Nazis were in favor of this, but other Nazis were in favor of this, but other
nations didn’t want to accept the nations didn’t want to accept the
Jewish refugeesJewish refugees..
Some refugees, like Albert Some refugees, like Albert Einstein, were allowed into Einstein, were allowed into
the U.S. the U.S.
Passengers aboard the “St. Louis”. These Passengers aboard the “St. Louis”. These Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany were Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany were
forced to return to Europe after both Cuba & forced to return to Europe after both Cuba & the U.S. denied them refuge.the U.S. denied them refuge.
(May or June, 1939)(May or June, 1939)United States Holocaust Memorial MuseumUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum
HITLER’S “FINAL HITLER’S “FINAL SOLUTION”SOLUTION”
In 1939, there were only about ¼ of a In 1939, there were only about ¼ of a million Jews left in Germany.million Jews left in Germany.
But other countries that Hitler occupied But other countries that Hitler occupied had millions more Jews.had millions more Jews.
Hitler’s ultimate goal was to get rid of Hitler’s ultimate goal was to get rid of all of Europe’s Jews.all of Europe’s Jews.
In addition to Jews, the Nazis rounded up political In addition to Jews, the Nazis rounded up political opponents- opponents- Communists, Socialists, liberals- Communists, Socialists, liberals-
and other groups including Gypsies, and other groups including Gypsies, Freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses,
homosexuals, the disabled & the terminally homosexuals, the disabled & the terminally illill..
Some Jews were forced Some Jews were forced into GHETTOS….into GHETTOS….
Segregated Jewish areas where they Segregated Jewish areas where they were made to work in factories or left to were made to work in factories or left to
starve.starve.
One of the ghetto entrances. The sign reads "Living area for Jews--entrance forbidden." Lodz ghetto, Poland, 1941 .
Despite brutal conditions, Jews hung Despite brutal conditions, Jews hung on, resisting the Germans & setting on, resisting the Germans & setting
up schools & underground up schools & underground newspapers.newspapers.
Jews captured during the Warsaw ghetto Jews captured during the Warsaw ghetto uprising. Warsaw, Poland, April 19-May 16, uprising. Warsaw, Poland, April 19-May 16,
1943.1943. ____________________
National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MdNational Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Md..
AMERICA MOVES AMERICA MOVES TOWARD WAR!!TOWARD WAR!!
Section 4Section 4
According to the According to the Neutrality Neutrality ActAct, the U.S. couldn’t enter the , the U.S. couldn’t enter the
war in Europe.war in Europe.
However, President Roosevelt However, President Roosevelt asked for a change in the Acts. He asked for a change in the Acts. He
suggested a “cash & carry” suggested a “cash & carry” provision which would allow provision which would allow
Britain & France to buy & Britain & France to buy & transport American arms. transport American arms. Congress passed this new Congress passed this new
Neutrality ActNeutrality Act in November 1939. in November 1939.
In 1940, In 1940, Germany, Italy, & Germany, Italy, & JapanJapan signed a mutual signed a mutual
defense treaty.defense treaty.
They became the They became the AXIS AXIS POWERSPOWERS..
Roosevelt assured the nation Roosevelt assured the nation that the U.S. would stay out that the U.S. would stay out of war…but he prepared for of war…but he prepared for
war.war.
Congress increased spending for Congress increased spending for natl’ defense. It passed the natl’ defense. It passed the
nation’s 1nation’s 1stst peacetime draft in peacetime draft in September 1940.September 1940.
Then, FDR won an Then, FDR won an unprecedented 3unprecedented 3rdrd term in term in
the 1940 election.the 1940 election.
After the election, FDR told After the election, FDR told Americans that the U.S. Americans that the U.S.
couldn’t stand by & let Hitler couldn’t stand by & let Hitler conquer the world.conquer the world.
He said that America would He said that America would become “become “the great arsenal of the great arsenal of
democracydemocracy.”.”
Britain could no longer pay for arms & Britain could no longer pay for arms & supplies.supplies.
Roosevelt suggested lending or Roosevelt suggested lending or
leasing arms to any nationleasing arms to any nation ““whose whose defense was vital to the U.S.”defense was vital to the U.S.”
Congress passed the Congress passed the LEND-LEND-LEASE ACTLEASE ACT in March 1941. in March 1941.
Meanwhile, Germany invaded Meanwhile, Germany invaded its former ally, the Soviet its former ally, the Soviet
Union.Union.
The U.S. gave lend-lease The U.S. gave lend-lease support to the Soviets as well support to the Soviets as well
as to Britain.as to Britain.
Nazi submarines called Nazi submarines called U-boatsU-boats attacked & sank ships carrying arms attacked & sank ships carrying arms
across the Atlantic to Germany’s across the Atlantic to Germany’s enemies.enemies.
In June 1941, FDR ordered the U.S. Navy In June 1941, FDR ordered the U.S. Navy to protect lend-lease ships.to protect lend-lease ships.
He also gave American warships He also gave American warships permission to attack German U-boats in permission to attack German U-boats in
self-defense.self-defense.
On Aug. 1941, FDR met secretly On Aug. 1941, FDR met secretly w/British Prime Minister Winston w/British Prime Minister Winston
Churchill. FDR didn’t actually Churchill. FDR didn’t actually commit the U.S. to war, but he & commit the U.S. to war, but he &
Churchill did sign the ….Churchill did sign the ….
ATLANTIC ATLANTIC CHARTERCHARTER
That was a statement of the goals That was a statement of the goals for fighting WWII.for fighting WWII.
These goals included protecting These goals included protecting peoples’ rights to choose their own peoples’ rights to choose their own
form of government & building a form of government & building a secure peace.secure peace.
On September 4, 1941, a German U-On September 4, 1941, a German U-boat fired on an American merchant boat fired on an American merchant ship. FDR ordered the U.S. Navy to ship. FDR ordered the U.S. Navy to
fire on German ships on sight.fire on German ships on sight.
U-boats responded by sinking several U-boats responded by sinking several American ships, & American seamen American ships, & American seamen
were killed. The Senate finally allowed were killed. The Senate finally allowed the arming of merchant ships. Full the arming of merchant ships. Full
scale war seemed inevitable.scale war seemed inevitable.
What brought the U.S. What brought the U.S. into conflict with into conflict with
Japan?Japan?
In Japan, expansionists had long In Japan, expansionists had long dreamed of creating a huge empire. dreamed of creating a huge empire. Japan was now acting on this dream.Japan was now acting on this dream.
It began seizing Asian territory It began seizing Asian territory held as colonies by European held as colonies by European nations. The U.S. also owned nations. The U.S. also owned
islands in the Pacific.islands in the Pacific.
When When JapanJapan invaded invaded IndochinaIndochina, , the U.S. cut off trade w/Japan. Japan the U.S. cut off trade w/Japan. Japan needed American oil to run its war needed American oil to run its war
machine.machine.
The new prime minister of The new prime minister of Japan was a militant general Japan was a militant general
named Hideki Tojo.named Hideki Tojo.
He started peace talks w/the He started peace talks w/the U.S., but he also prepared for U.S., but he also prepared for
war.war.
On December 7, 1941On December 7, 1941, , during the peace talks, Japan during the peace talks, Japan attacked the main U.S. naval attacked the main U.S. naval
base at base at PearlPearl HarborHarbor in in Hawaii.Hawaii.
A photo taken from a Japanese plane during the attack A photo taken from a Japanese plane during the attack shows vulnerable American battleships, and in the shows vulnerable American battleships, and in the
distance, smoke rising from Hickam Airfield where 35 distance, smoke rising from Hickam Airfield where 35 men having breakfast in the mess hall were killed after men having breakfast in the mess hall were killed after
a direct bomb hita direct bomb hit. .
The The USS ShawUSS Shaw explodes during explodes during the Japanese air raid. the Japanese air raid.
(Photo credits: U.S. National Archives)
Dousing the flames on the battleship Dousing the flames on the battleship USS West Virginia, which survived and USS West Virginia, which survived and
was rebuilt.was rebuilt. (Photo credits: U.S. National Archives)(Photo credits: U.S. National Archives)
The battleship The battleship USS ArizonaUSS Arizona after a after a bomb penetrated into the forward bomb penetrated into the forward
magazine causing massive explosions magazine causing massive explosions and killing 1,104and killing 1,104
On December 8, 1941, Roosevelt On December 8, 1941, Roosevelt addressed Congress asking for a addressed Congress asking for a
declaration of WAR against Japan.declaration of WAR against Japan.
Germany & Italy then Germany & Italy then declared war on the declared war on the
U.S.U.S.
THE U.S. IN WORLD WAR THE U.S. IN WORLD WAR IIII
