Working with DisksWorking with DisksLesson 4

Skills MatrixSkills Matrix

Technology Skill Objective Domain Objective #

Configuring Data Protection

Configure data protection

6.4

Using the Back Up Files Wizard

Use Windows backup and restore

6.4

Using Complete PC Use Complete PC to create an image

6.4

Restoring Previous Versions

Restore damaged or deleted files by using previous versions

6.4

Chapter 4Chapter 4

MBR – Master Boot RecordGPT – GUID (globally unique identifier)

Partition Table

Partition Styles

Chapter 4Chapter 4

Default partition style for x86 systemsUses a Partition Table to store drive geometryUses Hidden sectors to store system informationSupports volumes up to 2 terabytesSupports up to 4 primary partitions or 3 primary

partitions and one extended partition per disk

Master Boot Record -- MBR

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Default partition style for x64 systemsUses an partitions rather than hidden sectors to

store system informationUses EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) to boot the

driveUses primary and backup partition tables to

improve integritySupports up to 128 partitionsSupports Volumes up to 18 exabytes

GUID Partition Table -- GPT

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Basic Storage – compatible with other OS Consists of primary and extended partitions Supports up to four partitions (per single hard drive) Laptop computers use only basic storage Windows Vista can be installed only onto basic storage type

partitionsDynamic Storage – supported by Windows 2000/XP/Vista

Configured as dynamic disks Dynamic disks can combine two or more physical disks into

one dynamic disk Dynamic disks divided into volumes

Disk Storage

Uses Primary Partitions, Extended Partitions and Logical drives to organize data

Adequate for most personal computers.

Basic Disks

Chapter 4Chapter 4

PRIMARY

Functions as a physically separate disk

Can host an OS

Can be marked as active (and used to boot from)

Up to 4 are supported or 3 + 1 Extended

Each is formatted and assigned a drive letter

EXTENDED Cannot host an OS Cannot be active partition Basic disk can only host 1

Extended but unlimited logical partitions

Do not format extended partition, but the logical drives

Primary and Extended Partitions

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Volume – a portion of a dynamic disk that functions as a separate diskEach volume is assigned a drive letterOnly Windows 2000, XP and Vista can access data

on volumesThere are three types of volumes

Simple volumeSpanned volumeStriped volumes

Dynamic Storage - Volumes

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Contains space from a single dynamic drive

Dynamic Disk -- Simple volume

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Consists of disk space on 2-32 dynamic drives

Dynamic Disk -- Spanned volume

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stores data in equal stripes on 2 - 32 dynamic drives

Dynamic Disk -- Striped volume

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FAT (FAT16) – up to 4GB (not supported by Vista)For backward compatibility with other operating systemsAllows easy upgrade from another OSEnables multi boot systems to share data drives

FAT32 – up to 32GBused to support larger drives, offers multi boot shared drives

with Windows 98/95 NTFS (preferred file system) – up to 4TB

Offers larger volume supportOffers compression and encryptionSecurity

File Systems Summary

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NTFSRecoverable file system

Local file security

Small cluster size

Supports mirroring

Fast searches

Built-in compression and encryption

FAT32Most compatible

systemLess overhead and is

best for drives < 1GBUse DOS to access

active partition from a floppy

Comparison of File Systems

How FAT works?How FAT works?

Directory Table

Filename Starting Cluster

IPC144.txt 2

Win133.doc 5

File Allocation Table

Cluster Status Comment

1 1 reserved

2 3 start cluster IPC144.txt

3 999 End cluster IPC144.txt

4 0 Empty

5 7 First cluster Win133.doc

6 999 Start/ End Sched.pdf

7 9 Pointer to cluster 9

9 999 End clusterWin133.doc

Sched.pdf 6

How NTFS works?How NTFS works?

Header Information

Standard Information

Filename Data Area (2KB)Security Descriptor

Header Information

Standard Information

Filename

Extended attribute maps VCNs to

LCNs

Security Descriptor

Resident to MFT

Non Resident to MFT

DATA DATA DATA

Chapter 4Chapter 4

Disk Management Snap-In

Chapter 4Chapter 4

Managing Permissions

NTFS permissions

Control access to files and folders on NTFS volumes

Share permissions

Control access to folders over a network. To access a file over a network, the user must have the appropriate share AND NTFS permissions

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Permissions are organized into ACLs (access control lists)

Each list consists of a collection of individual permissions called Access Control Entries (ACE)

Permissions are stored with the file or folder being protected and is not part of the user account

Windows Permission Architecture

Chapter 4Chapter 4

Creates backup of Files and folders to a network share, DVD, CD or other hard disk

Creates a backup of the entire drive using an image based utility called Complete PC

Restore Files and folders that were previously backed up or an entire computer drive

Using Backup and Restore Centre

Chapter 4Chapter 4

You Learned

Windows Vista uses two hard disk partition styles: MBR and GPT.

Windows Vista supports two disk types: basic disks and dynamic disks.

Basic disks can have up to four partitions: three primary partitions and a fourth usually being an extended partition, on which you can create multiple logical drives.

Chapter 4Chapter 4

You Learned (cont.)

Windows Vista supports three types of dynamic volumes: simple, spanned, and striped.

You use the Disk Management snap-in for MMC to manage disks.

Windows Vista has several sets of permissions, which operate independently of each other, including NTFS permissions, share permissions

Permissions are organized into ACLs

Backup and Restore can backup files, folders and complete PCs