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Why 4K? ghj / 2009.03i 1
Why 4K?
George JobloveSony Pictures Technologies
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Why 4K? ghj / 2009.03i 2
Motion-Picture Distribution
Studios, Distributo
rs
Motion-Picture Masters
(Intermediates)
TheatersReleas
e prints
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Why 4K? ghj / 2009.03i 3
Motion-Picture Distribution
Studios, Distributo
rs
Motion-Picture Masters
(Intermediates)
TheatersReleas
e prints
20th-century standard:35-mm film
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Why 4K? ghj / 2009.03i 4
Motion-Picture Distribution
Studios, Distributo
rs
Motion-Picture Masters
(Intermediates)
TheatersReleas
e prints
20th-century standard:35-mm film
21st-century standard:DCP (Digital Cinema
Package)
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Why 4K? ghj / 2009.03i 5
Motion-Picture Distribution
2048 pixels wide
1080 pixels
high
4096 pixels wide
2160 pixels
high
“2K”
“4K”
A DCP may be either of two resolutions:
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Why 4K? ghj / 2009.03i 6
Why 4K?
Human visual acuity
Modern cinema theater layout
Maximizing quality of our work on the screen
Maximizing quality of what goes into the vault for future use
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Why 4K? ghj / 2009.03i 7
Human Visual Acuity
360°
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Why 4K? ghj / 2009.03i 8
Human Visual Acuity
360°
1°
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Why 4K? ghj / 2009.03i 9
360°
1°1′ 1°
Human Visual Acuity
Magnification
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Why 4K? ghj / 2009.03i 10
Human Visual Acuity
‘Normal’ (‘20/20’ [US/UK], ‘6/6’ [EU], ‘1.5/1.5’ [JP]) human vision resolves 30 cycles (line-pairs) per degree,or one line per arcminute
This corresponds to about:■ 486 lines (NTSC) 576 lines
(PAL) at 7 picture-heights at 6 picture-heights
■1080 lines (HDTV or 2K DCI 1.85:1) at 3 picture-heights
■2160 lines (4K DCI 1.85:1) at 1½ picture-heights
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Why 4K? ghj / 2009.03i 11
Modern Cinema Design, Stadium Seating
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Why 4K? ghj / 2009.03i 12
Modern Cinema Design, Stadium Seating
PHOTO: BAM ROSE CINEMAS
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Why 4K? ghj / 2009.03i 13
Today’s Demonstration
Images■Shot on still cameras
– Sony 900 [6K4K Bayer] and digital Hasselblad [7K5K Bayer]
■Gamma-converted to linear floating-point■Cropped to 1.85:1 and down-res’ed to DCI 4K
(39962160)■Color-space- and gamma-converted from sRGB to
DCI X'Y'Z'■Converted to 16-bit integer per channel, saved in
TIFF format■Created left/right mirrored image by pixel
swapping■Created DCI package (4K) from each still image and
mirror
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Why 4K? ghj / 2009.03i 14
Today’s Demonstration
Projection
Screen: 20 ft (6 m) wide, matte 1.0, non-perforated
Left-side projection: 2K Right-side projection: 4K
4K DCP 4K DCPDoremi DCP2000 Sony LMT-300
Christie CP2000-ZX DLP Sony SRX-R320 SXRD20481080 40962160
~14.6 ftL = ~50 cd/m² ~14.6 ftL = ~50 cd/m²