Essential EAFM Date • Place
What is EAFM?
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What is EAFM?
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Session objectives After this session you will be able to: • De!ne the three components of EAFM • Understand the principles of EAFM and its link to
major elements of CCRF • Explain how EAFM complements other approaches
What is EAFM?
EAFM is simply the ecosystem approach for !sheries management.
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So, EAFM is the practical way to implement sustainable development for !sheries by !nding a balance between ecological and human well-being through good governance.
What is EAFM?
Sustainable development
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What is EAFM?
Ecological Well-‐being
Human Well-‐being Good
Governance
Ecological well-being
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What is EAFM?
• Healthy ecosystems that maximize ecosystem services
• Biodiversity that leads to ecosystem resilience
• Supportive ecosystem structure and habitats
• Healthy oceans, coastal areas and watersheds
• Food webs based on diverse sources of primary production
Human well-being
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What is EAFM?
• Wealth
• Health
• Education
• Food security
• Basic human rights
• Social and cultural connections and relationships
• Security
Good governance
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What is EAFM?
The way formal and informal rules and regulations are set and implemented. It includes:
• planning and implementation mechanisms
• processes and institutions through which citizens and governing groups voice their interests, mediate differences, exercise their legal rights and meet their obligations
• resource management
3 Components of EAFM
Ecological well-being
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EAFM
Good governance
Human well-being
What is EAFM?
Habitat protection & restoration
Pollution & waste
reduction
Sustainable !sheries resource
Increased & equitable
distribution
Sustainable livelihoods
The 3 components 9
• Ecological well-being: marine ecosystem, environmental conditions, foodwebs, and connected watersheds
• Human well-being: all human components that are dependent upon, and affecting, the ecosystem
• Good governace: effective institutions and arrangements for setting and implementing rules and regulations
What is EAFM?
10 Key principles of EAFM
What is EAFM?
Appropriate scale
Cooperation and
coordination
Increased participation
Precautionary approach
Good governance
Adaptive management Multiple
objectives
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Principles are not new • For !sheries, the principles of EAFM were set out in
the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF)
• the CCRF was developed by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
• all FAO member countries agreed to CCRF in 1995
• your country is a member of FAO
What is EAFM?
Balancing different societal objectives 1. Read the questions on the cards
What is EAFM?
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2. Watch the video clips and use the questions as discussion points
h#p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pb2EYUwOk1s h#p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fV5JRpGgiqw
EA/EBM multi-sector
management
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Conventional "shery
management
• target species
• single species or multi-species
EAFM
• target and bycatch
• !shery impacts on the ecosystem
• integrated management
• multiple use management
• threats to the !shery from external factors • good governance • socio-economic bene!ts
What is EAFM?
EAFM builds on conventional "sheries management
• habitats
EAFM complements other approaches 14
Co-management
Conventional !sheries
management
Marine spacial planning
EAFM
Integrated coastal zone
management
What is EAFM?
EA/EBM
Marine Spatial Planning
• A public process of analysing and allocating the spatial and temporal distribution of human activities in coastal and marine areas to achieve ecological, economic and social objectives that are usually speci!ed through a political process. Use of MPA networks are often an aspect of MSP UNESCO (2009)
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• Term covers both (i) plan for users and (ii) implementation tools – e.g. zonation that includes MPAs
What is EAFM?
MPAs • MPAs can address both !sheries management and
conservation considerations but they often only address conservation of biodiversity, not !sheries
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• In some regions stakeholders have not been consulted about MPAs
• MPAs are really another management tool and should be used in combination with others
• MPAs often do not address some key elements of !sheries management: • controlling !shing capacity • management of an area beyond the boundary of the MPA • impacts of other uses on !sheries
What is EAFM?
Remember – EAFM is "nding a balance
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What is EAFM?
• Balance between conservation and sustainable use of !shery resources
• Balance of ecological, economic and social objectives
• Choices will require trade-offs and compromises • EAFM is, therefore, a process of negotiation around the
allocation of resources (both living and non-living)