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Review: Week 11Review: Week 11
• The Environment– Two approaches to management– A Security Issue– Rio and Kyoto protocols
• Globalization: Non-state actors– Effects on states– Types of influence
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OutlineOutline
• Globalization defined– Five “scapes”
• Is globalization new?• Theoretical implications• Debates
– Fragmentation– Globalization vs. Americanization
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Five “scapes”Five “scapes”
• Dimensions of globalization• Processes that facilitate
transnational or global interaction• From Appardurai, Modernity at Large
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1. Financescape1. Financescape
• Global flows of money
• Huge volume: $1.5 trillion daily– Goods: $15 trillion
annually
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2. Mediascape2. Mediascape
• Capabilities to distribute and disseminate– Information– Images
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3. Technoscape3. Technoscape
• Spread of technology• Interpenetration of borders
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4. Ethnoscape4. Ethnoscape
• Ease of movement• Volume of movement
– Tourists, immigrants, refugees, exiles, guest workers
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5. Ideoscape5. Ideoscape
• Global spread of– Ideas– Values– Social movements– Ideology
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Anti-globalizationAnti-globalization
• Paradoxes– Localizing in aims
• “Glocalization”• “Fragmegration”
– Global in scope, organization– Five scapes facilitate anti-globalization
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Is globalization new?Is globalization new?
• Three schools– Hyperglobalists– Skeptics– Transformationalists
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Theoretical implicationsTheoretical implications
• Globalization challenges– Realism– Liberalism– Constructivism
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FragmentationFragmentation
• Political dissolution– Yugoslavia
• Slovenia, Bosnia, Serbia, Macedonia
– Czechoslovakia– Indonesia (East Timor)– Moldova (Transnistria)
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FragmentationFragmentation
• Interactive process: globalization and localization affect each other
• Neologisms– “fragmegration”– “chaord”– “glocalization”– “Jihad vs. McWorld”
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Globalization vs. Globalization vs. AmericanizationAmericanization
• U.S. dominance over– Media– Finance– Ideas
• U.S. also an importer