T H A T ’ S W H A T ’ S H A P P E N I N G !
Verbs + Verb Phrases
School House Rock Video: Verbs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=US8mGU1MzYw
Terms
verb
verb phrase
adverb
transitive verb
intransitive verb
subject of the verb
direct object of the verb
Verbs by Definition
Definition based on meaning: word that demonstrates action or a state of being
Definition based on form: word that can be used in the present and past tense; it has both an –s and an –ing form
Sometimes with auxiliary words:
had laughed had eaten
was laughing was eating
had been laughing had been eating
might laugh might eat
could laugh could eat
will laugh will eat
Verb Phrases
headword of the verb phrase = main verb
other components = auxiliary words
had laughed had eaten
was laughing was eating
had been laughing had been eating
might be laughing could have been eating
Verb Phrases
headword of the verb phrase = main verb
other components = auxiliary words, adverbs
Adverb: words that tell where, when, how, in what manner, to what degree a verb, an adjective, or another adverb takes place
jumped merrily had run very quickly
Practice: Identify the Parts of the Verb Phrase
1. had laughed loudly 5. ate quickly
2. was silently laughing 6. was slowly eating
3. wandered aimlessly 7. could rudely point
4. excitedly told 8. had moved freely
THREE TYPES OF VERBS
Action
Intransitive Verbs
Transitive Verbs
Linking
Two Ways to Categorize Action Verbs:
Transitive or Intransitive
Transitive: action verb that functions with a direct object
subject of the verb = doer of the action
direct object = receiver of the action; direct object answers questions: what? or whom?
The boy threw (what?) the ball.
My mom baked (what?) the cake.
Her boyfriend asked (whom?) her.
Sentences with Transitive Verbs
Will ALWAYS have two noun phrases, one as the subject and one as the direct object.
The boy throws the ball.
My mom is baking the cake.
Her boyfriend asked her.
Remember, Noun Phrases…
Can function as subjects the doer of the action or more informally as “who or
what” the sentence is about.
Can function as direct objects The direct object is the receiver of the TRANSITIVE verb’s
action.
Find all of the noun phrases in the following sentences and label their function:
The ambitious young boy cooked the entire Thanksgiving dinner!
After Thanksgiving, many people buy Christmas gifts.
Intransitive Verbs
Action verbs that function without a direct object.
Mary walked.
The students are resting.
The visitors from El Paso have arrived.
More Intransitive Verbs
There’s often more information given after the intransitive verb. We’ll come back to what it is.
If a Direct Object doesn’t follow, it’s an Intransitive Verb.
Mary walked away from me.
The students are resting in the back room.
The visitors from El Paso have arrived at the airport.
Practice
1. The batter hit the ball.
2. My husband made a chocolate cake.
3. We set off the firecrackers.
4. The chef tasted the soup.
5. I felt the kitten’s fur.
Practice
6. Her uncle moved to Arizona.
7. Both the asparagus and the strawberries grow in the garden.
8. Barbara commutes from New Jersey to New York.
9. We left through the door.
10. The girls sat on the couch.
S + L V + P A O R P N
Linking Verbs
Terms
Linking Verb
Predicate Noun
Predicate Adjective
Linking Verbs
Linking Verb connects its subject with a
noun/pronoun or adjective that identifies or
describes the subject
The man is a famous hockey player.
Terms for the linked information:
Predicate Noun : a noun, noun phrase, or
pronoun that renames the subject of the
sentence.
Predicate Adjective: an adjective that describes
the subject of the sentence.
BOTH use the linking verb to give more
information about the subject
To Be verbs:
The Forms of To Be
-ing +modal auxiliaries +modal auxiliaries
am am being can be have been
are are being could be has been
is is being may be had been
was was being might be could have been
were were being must be may have been
shall be might have been
should be shall have been
will be should have been
would be will have been
would have been
Other Linking Verbs
All can be used to suggest a state of being!!!
appear look sound
become remain stay
feel seem taste
grow smell turn
How can you tell the difference?
If the “other linking verb” is really being a linking
verb than you will be able to substitute the verb
with either am, are or is and the sentence will
still make sense.
Ex. The air felt cold.
The air is cold.
Ex. The skiers felt the wind. The skiers are the
wind.
Review
Noun Phrases = determiner + modifier + noun headword
Function as subjects, direct objects, or predicate nouns (more to come)
Verb Phrases = helping verb + adverb + verb head word
Intransitive
Transitive (take Direct Objects)
Linking
Sentence Equations (what we’ve learned so far)
S + IV S + TV + DO S + LV + PA/PN
S = subject (noun phrase or pronoun) IV = intransitive verb TV = transitive verb LV = Linking Verb DO = Direct Object PA = Predicate Adjective PN = Predicate Noun
Label as much as you can in each sentence. Put “other” for those elements you haven’t learned yet.
1. The winter air smelled crisp and clean.
2. I smelled the warm cookie.
3. Cold water is refreshing.
Label the sentence.
4. We all felt cooler after a dip in the ocean.
5. The crowd stayed alert.
6. The situation on the floor remained serious.
Label the sentence.
7. Flowers grew in the yard.
8. The astronauts grew anxious.