Valentino PianaBudapest, 10th March 2010
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Nationally Appropriate Mitigation
Actions Actions
and their relevance and their relevance
to SEE and Turkeyto SEE and Turkey
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Selected field of expertiseMacroeconomic adviceIndustrial and regional economicsInternational trade and financial integrationSustainable development
30 economists from 15 countries have teamed up to elaborate “Innovative Economic Policies for Climate Change Mitigation”, which can be used as input for Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions.
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Contents
4. NAMAs in national planning
5. The process of devising NAMAs and obtaining international support
6. An evaluation of the existing NAMAs
1. The Copenhagen Accord: the positive elements
7. A MOSAIC strategy for NAMAs in SEE countries and Turkey
2. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs): an overview
3. The advantages of adopting NAMAs in the region
8. Next steps
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1. The Copenhagen Accord: the positive elements
2. “Operational immediately”
3. 30 billion dollars committed by developed countries for the first three years (of which 2.4 billion euros committed by EU countries yearly 2010-2012) 4. A steep rising pathway of funding up to 100 US billions in 2020, where the sources will be studied by a High Level Panel (co-chairs and members already chosen)
1. All major GHG emitting countries involved, generating specific pledges from 73 countries that together account for more than 80 per cent of global emissions from energy use
5. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions by non-Annex I countries both unilateral and “seeking international support” in terms of technology, funding and capacity-building (art. 5)6. Technology Mechanism selected, linked to NAMAs (art. 11)
The Accord will test the effectiveness of an approach focused on immediate actions and verification of commitments, through alternative moves from all countries (bottom-up approach). It can fail and under-deliver but it is worth trying. In particular, CA is characterized by the following elements:
7. Annex I Kyoto Protocol parties “further strengthen” their commitments (art. 4)
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2. Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs): an overview
NAMAs are schematic texts submitted to UNFCCCC Secretariat by national focal points, to be collected in Appendix II of CA and in a special Registry (if looking for support).
The 32 countries that have presented official NAMAs before 7th March 2010 have interpreted “Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions” in a wide range of ways:
* carbon-neutrality declaration;* economy-wide commitments of reducing emissions in percentage
with respect to a baseline of Business-as-Usual trajectory;* absolute reductions of CO2eq emissions; * sectoral preferential directions of development; * specific goals and actions; * localized projects with specified technical parametres.
The geographical distribution of NAMAs is the following:Africa: 13Asia: 12Europe: 2Latin America: 3Oceania: 2
NAMAs have demonstrated to be sectoral (according to emission sectors or economic sectors) and cross-sectoral. In terms of sectors: forestry is mentioned in 22, renewable energies in 19, transport in 19, agriculture 14, waste 12, building 5.
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By submitting well-crafted NAMAs, SEE non-Annex I countries can achieve the following goals:
* be recognised as a pro-active partner of EU and an early mover in sustainable development and the fight to climate change;
* obtain relevant and rising shares of the international funds for climate, including the forthcoming Copenhagen Green Climate Fund;
* attract foreign private investments in clean energy, sustainable transportation, manufacturing, and agriculture, tourism and other sectors of national relevance;
* nurture technological and organisational support for upgrading the national system of innovation (including Universities and research centres) as well as the manufacturing texture of firms;
* foster a low-carbon-emission growth plan and climate-change-related socio-economic development interventions.
Similarly, Turkey can build upon its National Climate Change Strategy and the forthcoming Action plans to expose unilateral actions and call for support.
3. The advantages of adopting NAMAs in the region
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4. NAMAs in national planning
The EU 2020 Strategy, MEF/G8/G20, UNFCCC
Low-emission development strategy (art.2 CA)Accession Process / Acquis Communautaire
Climate Action Plans (BAP six pillars: Shared Vision, Mitigation, Adaptation,Technology, Finance, Capacity building), e.g. National
Adaptation StrategyNAMAs NAPAs
LocalAdaptationPlans
….
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5. The process of devising NAMAs and obtaining international support
Submission of NAMAs to UNFCCC
Submission of NAMAs to UNFCCC
Existing fundsExisting funds
Copenhagen Green Climate Fund
Copenhagen Green Climate Fund
Private investorsPrivate investors
Technology / Solution providersTechnology / Solution providers
Research centresResearch centres
NGOsNGOsMatching
mechanism, dynamics and
events
Matching mechanism,
dynamics and events
National stakeholders
National stakeholders
Local stakeholdersLocal stakeholders Localisation and implementationLocalisation and implementation
In the country International interface Abroad
Analysis of existing and forthcoming
laws and policies
Analysis of existing and forthcoming
laws and policies
Mitigation potential and international
best practices
Mitigation potential and international
best practices
Economic mechanisms of
activation
Economic mechanisms of
activationDetail design of measures
Detail design of measures
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6. An evaluation of the existing NAMAs
Wide varietyUsually reflecting the
national circumstances, existing laws and policies
Fairly aware of international best practices
Many sectors mentioned (e.g. energy, transport, building, agriculture, forestry, tourism,…)
Concise documentsBetter than CDM as for
broader transformational potential
Wide varietyUsually reflecting the
national circumstances, existing laws and policies
Fairly aware of international best practices
Many sectors mentioned (e.g. energy, transport, building, agriculture, forestry, tourism,…)
Concise documentsBetter than CDM as for
broader transformational potential
Positive features Not clear the kind and features of the international support looked for
No economic mechanism of activation
Not mobilizing the private investors
No legal guarantees for investors
No appeal to research centres and NGOs
Unexplored connection with the Technology Mechanism
Often lacking CO2 reduction quantification
Always lacking estimated costs, thus also the cost per avoided ton of CO2eq
Transformational effects (e.g. green jobs, competitiveness, tax revenue,...) not expressed
Not clear the kind and features of the international support looked for
No economic mechanism of activation
Not mobilizing the private investors
No legal guarantees for investors
No appeal to research centres and NGOs
Unexplored connection with the Technology Mechanism
Often lacking CO2 reduction quantification
Always lacking estimated costs, thus also the cost per avoided ton of CO2eq
Transformational effects (e.g. green jobs, competitiveness, tax revenue,...) not expressed
Negative features
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7. A MOSAIC strategy for NAMAs in SEE countries and Turkey
NAMAs adoptionleader
Solution
provider
Funder
MobilizingSkeptical
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8. Next steps
High Level panel on finance -first meeting29th March
UNFCCCsession inApril
UNFCCCsession inMay-June
G8/G20 in Toronto - launch of the Copenhagen Green Climate Fund?
UNFCCCsession inSept/Oct ?
G8/G20 inKorea(November)
COP16in Cancún(Mexico)
Further NAMAs submissions, updated NAMAs communications, matching events
Regional Environmental Centre
capacity-building activities