Update on the IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture
ProgramCristi L Palmer
IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Manager
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IR-4 MissionFacilitate registration of
sustainable pest management technology for specialty crops
and minor uses
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IR-4 Activities on behalf of the Green
Industry:Data development for registration support
Photos by Cristi Palmer
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Ornamental Horticulture Program Data Summaries – 2015 YTD
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
Average 2013 2014 2015
Num
ber of Trials
Num
ber o
f Sum
mar
ies
Year
InternationalRegistration Support
Other Projects
High Priority Projects
Contributing Trials
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Ornamental Horticulture Program –Registrations – 2015 YTD
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Average 2013 2014 2015
Num
ber of Trials
Num
ber o
f Reg
istr
atio
ns
Year
Not to be Registered
International Registrations
State Registrations
Federal Amendments
Federal New Registrations
Contributing Trials
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Ornamental Horticulture Program –Crops Impacted by Registrations – 2015 YTD
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Average 2013 2014 2015
Num
ber o
f Im
pact
ed C
rops
Year
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Setting the Stage• IR-4’s Ornamental Horticulture Program is focused
on finding solutions to high priority issues• Protocol development occurs after priorities have
been decided• Any product not yet registered for the use in
question is considered an ‘A’• Biologics and conventionals are tested side by side
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Products tested during last decade for pathogen, pest, and weed management
Product TypeNumber of Products Tested
Pathogens Pests WeedsMicrobial 12 (8%) 12 (8%) 0 (0%)Plant Extract 9 (6%) 12 (8%) 6 (10%)Softer Chemistry 30 (19%) 15 (10%) 6 (10%)Conventional 108 (68%) 106 (73%) 51 (81%)Total 159 (100%) 145 (100%) 63 (100%)Microbial = extracts from or living cells of bacteria and fungiPlant Extract = plant derived productsSofter Chemistry = natural products such as oils or saltsConventional = synthetic products developed to interfere with pest biology and includes stabilized forms of natural chemistries
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Challenges• Biopesticides being placed into protocols originally
designed for chemically-based product screens– Weekly, biweekly, monthly intervals– Screening typically one product throughout experiment rather
than testing rotational programs• Curative versus preventative• Level of inocula/infestation levels• Not all Pythium species are equal• Tank mix incompatibilities• Storage stability and environmental parameters• Potentially dealing with live organisms• Broad versus narrow impacts (target & non-target)
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Take Home Messages• Out of these challenges, we have updated
protocols to:– improve testing parameters– incorporate clearer guidelines for preventative
application timing– provide guidance on obtaining fresh test materials
• Despite challenges in incorporating biologics into a ‘standard’ screening program, IR-4 continues to develop efficacy and crop safety information to aid in registration and grower adoption
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30,000+ Crop Uses
101+ Registered Products
23,245 Studies
31,680 Completed Trials
60 – 70 researchers every year
50% of archived records validated
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IR-4 Activities on behalf of the Green
Industry:Coordination of
research teams for invasive species
Photos by Cristi Palmer
Photo by Cristi Palmer
Boxwood Blight
Research TeamDr. Anton BaudoinDr. Mike BensonDr. JoAnne CrouchDr. Mark CubetaDr. Norm DartMs. Margery DaughtreyDr. Sharon DouglasDr. Anne GouldDr. Chuan HongDr. Kelly IvorsDr. Jim LaMondiaDr. Bob MarraDr. Nina ShishkoffDr. Oney Smith
Photo by Cristi PalmerLocation: Williamsburg, VADate: 9/5/2014
Boxwood Blight
Photo by Cristi PalmerLocation: Hightstown, NJDate: 9/5/2014
Research Goals• Fungicide screening and mitigation
strategies• Cultural control potentials• Effect of sanitizers on conidia and
mycelia• Impact of fungicides on
microsclerotium development• Screening of potential biopesticides
for microslerotium inactivation
Boxwood Blight
• Development of isothermic LAMP detection assay• Boxwood species and cultivar screen for resistance• Cps host range (Pachysandra and Sarcoccoca)• Development of infections under field conditions• Calonectria pseudonaviculata population genetics• Development of epidemiology model based on U.S. temperature and moisture
conditions
Boxwood Blight
Research TeamDr. JoAnne CrouchMs. Margery DaughtreyDr. Anne GouldDr. Mary HausbeckDr. Lina QuesadaDr. Aaron PalmateerDr. Nina Shishkoff
Photo by Cristi PalmerLocation: Cream Ridge, NJDate: Fall 2014
Impatiens Downy Mildew
Boxwood Blight
Photos by Margery Daughtrey
Research Goals• Overwintering of Plasmopora
obducens oospores• Fungicide screening and
rotational strategies• Sporangia and oospore
development and epidemiology• Plasmopora obducens population
genetics• Development of genetic tools for
downy mildews including Impatiens Downy Mildew, Cucurbit Downy Mildew, Hops Downy Mildew, Basil Downy Mildew
Impatiens Downy Mildew
Ornamental Horticulture Pollinator
WorkshopDec 15-16, 2014
Cristi L PalmerIR-4 Ornamental Horticulture
Program Manager
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Ornamental Horticulture Pollinator Workshop
Outcomes• Better understanding of risk assessment
process and the data needed• Identification of key knowledge gaps• How scientific results are communicated is
important
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How has IR-4 been so successful?
Collaboration!
Thank you !Funding for IR-4 Research:USDA-NIFAUSDA-ARSUSDA-APHISLand Grant Institutions
Researchers:All the fine researchers throughout the US and in cooperating countries
IR-4 Personnel:Susan
BierbrunnerMichelle FooEdith LurveySatoru Miyazaki
Mika Pringle-Tolson
Marylee RossBecky SiscoEly Vea
Growers:Who donate time to complete the biennial survey and all those plant materials!
Thank you !Photo by Cristi Palmer