Download - Unit 10. Spain, a time of conflict

A TIME OF CONFLIC IN SPAIN (1902-1939)

THE REING OF ALFONSO XIII (1902-1923)

THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR (1931-1936)THE II SPANISH REPUBLIC (1931-1936)

THE DICTATORSHIPS OF P. DE RIVERA (1923-1931)


17th OF MAY, 1902 THE CORTES PROCLAIM THE COMMINGOF AGE OF ALFONSO XIII WHEN HE WAS 16 YEARS OLD

SPANISH SITUATION: DISASTER OF 98

CRISIS OF THE RESTORATION SYSTEM

POLITICAL INESTABILITYSTRUGGLES BETWEEN DYNASTIC PARTIES

INTERNAL FIGHTS WHITHIN THE PARTIES

ALFONSO XIII MAKE MISTAKES, EXCEEDED HIS AUTHORITY (HE WENT TOO FAR)

CACIQUISMO, ELECTORAL FRAUDAND ADMINISTRATIVE CORRUPTION

IT WAS NOT SOLVED ANDPEOPLE STARTED TO SUPPORT EXTREMIST POSITIONS.

INCREASE OF SOCIAL CONFLICTS.

INFLATION, LOW WAGES,UNEMPLOYMENT AND STRIKES.


POLITICAL REGENERATIONISM

POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND INTELECTUAL MOVEMENT FOR TRYING TO MODERNISE AND ADAPT THE POLITICAL SYSTEM FROM THE INSIDE AND GRADUALLY. IT WANTED TO REVITALISE THELIBERAL AND PARLIAMENTARY INSTITUTIONS, AVOIDING REVOLUTIONARY SHOCKS AND DEMOCRATIZING THE SYSTEM.

SILVELA MAURA CANALEJAS


THE CONSERVATIVE REFORMISM (1902-1909)

-- “REVOLUTION FROM DESDE ABOVE”-- STARTED REFORMS BUT IT DID NOT SOLVE THE MAIN PROBLEMA: CACIQUISM AND ELECTORAL FRAUD.

FRANCISCO SILVELA

ANTONIO MAURA

RISE AND GROWTH OF OPOSITION GROUPS

REPUBLICANS NACIONALISTS WORKERS

ANARQUISTS


THE CONSERVATIVE REFORMISM (1902-1909) THE TRAGIC WEEK (1909)

THE TERM “TRAGIC WEEK” REFERS TO THE VIOLENT INCIDENTS AND CONFRONTATIONSTHAT TOOK PLACE IN BARCELONA AND SOME NEARBY PALCES DURING JULY 1909 ANDWHICH LASTED A WEEK.


WAR IN MOROCCO RESERVISTS GENERAL STRIKE

BOARDING OF THE RESERVISTS TROOP IN THE PORT OF BARCELONA

THE REING OF ALFONSO XIII (1902-1923)THE CONSERVATIVE REFORMISM (1902-1909) THE TRAGIC WEEK (1909)

STREET FIGHTS FIRES

BARRICADES

CONTROL BY THE ARMY

THE REING OF ALFONSO XIII (1902-1923)THE CONSERVATIVE REFORMISM (1902-1909) THE TRAGIC WEEK (1909)

THE LIBERAL REFORMISM (1910-1913)

PILARS OF ITS POLICY

INTERVENTIONISM

ANTICLERICALISM

DEMOCRATIZATION

-- SUPRESSION OF THE INDIRECT TAX (VAT).

-- LAW OF “MANCOMUNIDADES”.

-- FREEDOM OF RELIGION.

-- OBLIGATORY MILITARY SERVICE.JOSÉ CANALEJAS


ASSASSINATION OF CANALEJAS (1912)

MANUEL PARDIÑAS

PUERTA DEL SOL

THE CRISIS OF 1917

MILITARY CRISIS POLITICAL CRISIS LABOUR MOVEMENT

AFRICANISTSVS

PENINSULARS

JUNTAS DE DEFENSA

ASAMBLEADE

PARLAMENTARIOS

GENERAL STRIKE13th AGOSTO 1917


THE GENERAL STRIKE OF 1917

SOCIALITS STRIKE COMITEE WAS JAILED

THE GENERAL STRIKE LASTED FOR 5 DAYS. IT WAS SUPPORTED BY MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT AND THE ARMY. IT FAILED DUE TO BOTH FEARED A REVOLUTION IN SPAIN.

THE DECLINE OF THE MONARCHY (1917-1923)

INCREASE OF TRADE UNION’S MEMBERSHIPS

POLITICAL INESTABILITY

13 COALITION GOVERNMENTSIN 6 YEARS

THEY DID NOT SOLVE THE PROBLEMSEITHER ACHIEVED STABILITY.


STRIKE OF “LA CANADIENSE”

SOCIAL CONFLICTS: PISTOLERISMO

TRIENIO BOLCHEVIQUE

THE REING OF ALFONSO XIII (1902-1923)THE DECLINE OF THE MONARCHY (1917-1923)

THE WAR OF MOROCCO: THE SPANISH PROTECTORATE

CONFERENCE OF ALGECIRAS(1906)

ABD- ELKRIM

RIFFIAN TROOPS

THE WAR OF MOROCCO: FIRST CONFLICTS

RIFFIAN ATTACK TO THE RAILWAY OF MELILLA

“THE CLIFF OF THE WOLF”1909

THE WAR OF MOROCCO: THE DISASTER OF ANNUAL

ABD EL KRIM GATHERED THE TROOPS AFTER THE WWI ADN REVOLTED ALL THE TERRITORY.

GENERAL SILVESTRE MOVE AWAY THE TROOPS FAR FROM MELILLA: THE RIFFIAN SET A TRAP.

PENINSULARS VS AFRICANISTS RESPONSABILITIES

-- ARMY-- POLITICIANS-- THE KING-- SILVESTRE AND BERENGUER


THE DICATATORSHIP OF PRIMO DE RIVERA (1923-1931)

1923-1925 1925-1930

MILITARY DIRECTORY CIVIL DIRECTORY

MIGUEL PRIMO DE RIVERA: GENERAL CAPTAIN GENERAL OF CATALONIA

-- END OF TERRORISM-- END OF SEPARATISM-- END OF DISORDER-- END OF MOROCCANDISASTER.

SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SUPPORTERS

-- KINGALFONSO XIII-- ARMY-- BURGEOISIE-- INDIFFERENCE OF THE LABOR MOVEMENT.

13th SEPTIEMBER 1923MILITARY COUP

THE DICATATORSHIP OF PRIMO DE RIVERA (1923-1930)

THE DICTATORSHIP OF PRIMO DE RIVERA:THE MILITARY DIRECTORY (1923-1925)

MILITARY DIRECTORY

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DICTATORSHIP

-- TRANSITORY SYSTEM. IMPROVISATION.

-- CANCELLATION OF THE 1876 CONSTITUTION.

-- DISOLUTION OF THE CORTES.

-- PROHIBITION OF POLITICAL PARTIES ANDTRADE UNIONS.

-- SOLDIERS IN THE ADMINISTRATION

-- STATE OF WAR: REPRESSION.

-- UNIÓN PATRIÓTICA

THE DICTATORSHIP OF PRIMO DE RIVERA: THE CIVIL DIRECTORY (1925-1930)

REPLACEMENT OF MILITARY POLITICIANS FOR CIVIL POLITICIANS OF EXTREME RIGHT:DEMOCRATIZATION.

END OF THE WAR OF MOROCCO: LANDING OF ALHUCEMAS

THE DICTATORSHIP OF PRIMO DE RIVERA: THE CIVIL DIRECTORY (1925-1930)

ECONOMIC INTERVENTIONISM

TO SOLVE SOCIAL AND LABOUR CONFLICTS CREATED:

NATIONAL CORPORATIVE ORGANISATION

COMITEES WITH PARITY

REPRESENTATION

10 CHAIRPEOPLE:5

WORKERS, 5 EMPLOYERS Y 2 MEMBERS OF

THE MINISTERY

VERTICAL TRADE UNIONISM

RESIGNATION AND EXILE OF PRIMO DE RIVERA

SITUACIÓN FINAL DE

PRIMO DE RIVERA

ILLNESS OF THE

DICTADOR

LACK OF MILITARY LEADERS’ SUPPORT

ALFONSO XIII GOT A SERIOUS

PROBLEM

POLITICAL AND

ECONOMIC DECLINE

THE END OF THE MONARCHY OF ALFONSO XIII

THE “DICTABLANDA”

DÁMASO BERENGUER

-- RECOVER THE CONSTITUTIONAL NORMALITY-- ECONOMIC CRISIS AND SOCIAL UNREST-- CALL FOR LEGISTATIVE ELECTIONS

JUAN BAUTISTA AZNAR

-- COALIATION GOVERNMENT-- LOCAL ELECTIONS-- CALL FOR ELECTIONS TO CONSTITUEN ASSEMBLY

THE II SPANISH REPUBLIC (1931-1936)

PACT OF SAN SEBASTIÁN

SIGNED BY REPUBLICANS,PSOE AND UGT

THE DECLARATION OF THE II SPANISH REPUBLIC

PROVOKE AN INSURRECTION AND ESTABLISH THE REPUBLIC

END OF THE BOURBON DYNASTY AND ESTABLISH A DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM

LOCAL ELECTIONS 12tH APRIL 1931

PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT

REFORMIST BIENNIUM POPULAR FRONT`S GOVERNMENT

CONSERVATIVE BIENNIUM

PHASES OF THE II SPANISH REPUBLIC

PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT (1931)

ALCALÁ ZAMORA

CASARES QUIROGA

MANUEL AZAÑA ALEJANDRO LERROUX

INDALECIO PRIETO LARGO CABALLEROFERNANDO DE LOSRÍOS

DERECHA LIBERAL REPUBLICANA ACCIÓN REPUBLICANA PART.REPUB.RADICAL

PSOEREGIONALIST-ORGA PSOE PSOE

FIRST REFORMS OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT

AGRICULTURAL REFORM

MILITARY REFORMFINISH WITH ILLITERACY

RELATIONS WITH THE CHURCH

TERRITORIAL REFORM

THE CONSTITUTION OF 1931

28th JUNE 1931: ELECTIONS TO A CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY

SOCIALISTS AND REPUBLICANS WON NO AGREEMENT

THE CONSTITUTION OF 1931

GOVERNMENT

NEW FLAG AND ANTHEM

SOVEREIGNTY

SEPARTION OF POWERS

SUFFRAGE

RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION

DEMOCRATIC AND SECULAR REPUBLIC

NATIONAL

CLASSICAL SEPARATION

UNIVERSAL MALE AND FEMALE. +23 YEARS OLD

WIDE( DIVORCE)SOCIAL RIGHTS

STATUTES OF AUTONOMY

NON-DENOMINATIONAL. END

OF PRIVILEDGES.

THE CONSTITUTION

OF 1931

CHURCH-ESTATE RELATIONSHIP

REFORMIST BIENNIUM (1931-1933)

ALCALÁ ZAMORA MANUEL AZAÑA

PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC PRESIDENT OF THE GOVERNMENT

GOVERNMENT MADE UP BY REPUBLICANS AND SOCIALISTS.

MILITARY REFORMS

-- LAW OF THE DEFENSE OF THE REPUBLIC-- RETIREMENT LAW-- ASSAULT GUARD-- MATERIAL AND THECNICAL MODERNISATION

ASSAULT GUARD

THE AGRARIAN REFORM LAW

EXPROPIATION OF LANDS

UNUSED OR BADLY EXPLOITEDWITH COMPENSATION

NOBILITYWITHOUT ANY COMPENSATION

TRANSFER TOPEASANTS


FRUSTRATED DUE TO THE LACK OF FUNDS, BUREOCRACYAND RESISTANCE OF THE OWNERS.

RELIGIOUS REFORM

-- SECULARISATION, NO OFFICIAL RELIGIONAND FREEDOM OF RELIGION.-- CIVIL MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE.-- BAN ON RELIGIOS ORDERS.-- BAN ON RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS.


EDUCATIONAL REFORM

-- NON-DENOMINATIONAL EDUCATION, LIBERAL, MIXED, OBLIGATORY AND FREE.-- 10.000 NEW SCHOOLS AND 7.000 MORE TEACHERS.-- MISIONES PEDAGÓGICAS


TERRITORIAL REFORM

-- STATUTE OF NURIA (CATALONIA)

-- STATUTE OF ESTELLA (BASQUE COUNTRY)


END OF THE REFORMIS BIENNIUM

OPOSSITION OF WIDE SECTORSOF THE SOCIETY

-- CATHOLIC CHURCH-- EMPLOYERS-- LAND OWNERS-- MIDDLE CLASSES-- ARMY-- ETC

NEW EXTREMISTS POLITICAL PARTIES

-- FALANGE Y JONS (FASCISTS)-- COMUNIÓN TRADICIONALISTA (CARLISTS)-- RENOVACIÓN ESPAÑOLA (MONÁRQUICOS-ALFONSINOS)-- C.E.D.A (DERECHAS AUTÓNOMAS)-- NACIONALISTAS DE IZQUIERDA Y DERECHAS-- CNT (ANARQUISTS)-- PCE Y POUM (COMUNISTS)

CAUSESSOCIAL CONFLICTS ANDECONOMIC CRISIS

NEW GOVERNMENT OFLERROUXDISOLUTION OF THE CORTESAND ELECTIONS.

1933ELECTIONS

-- COALITION OF RIGHT-WING PARTIES

-- DIVISION OF THE REPUBLICANS

--ABSTENTION OF LEFT-WING PARTIES.

-- FEMALE VOTES.

END OF THE REFORMIS BIENNIUM

CONSERVATIVE BIENNIUM (1933-1936)

LEFT-WING SPLIT

RIGHT-WING COALITIONTHE ELECTORAL LAW BENEFITED COALIATIONS

1933ELECTIONS

RADICAL PARTY – LERROUX

CEDA – GIL ROBLES

IN 1934, THE INTERNAL TENSIONS OF THE GOVERNMENTS MADE LERROUX TO FORMA ANOTHER ONE, INCLUDING THREE MINISTERS FROM CEDA, ONE OF THEM, GIL ROBLES.

CONSERVATIVE BIENNIUM (1933-1936)

PROBLEMS OF THE CONSERVATIVE BIENNIUM

MAIN PROBLEMS

THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION OF 1934

INTERNAL DIVISIONS

CORRUPTION SCANDALS

SOCIAL REVOLUTION: UNION OF MINERS, WORKERS, SOCIALISTS,ANARQUISTS Y COMMUNISTS.HARSH CONFRONTATIONS AGAINST THE SECURITY FORCES.HARSH REPRESSIONS: 1000MINERS DIED, 2000 WOUNDED Y 5000 JAILED.

IMPRISONMENT OF THE CATALAN GOVERNMENT

GENERAL STRIKE CALLED BY UGT

FAILED IN THE MAJORITY OF CITIES (MAINLY, MADRID AND BASQUE COUNTRY)

IN CATALONIA WAS A POLITICAL REVOLUTIONAND HAD LIMITED SOCIAL SUPPORT

IN ASTURIAS WAS VERY IMPORTANT


FINALLY, THE “LEGIÓN” AND THE

“REGULARES”SUPRESSED THE

REVOLUTION


CORRUPCION SCANDALS

THE “CASO DEL ESTRAPERLO” AND THE “ASUNTO NOMBELA”

INTERNAL DIVISIONS

MARTÍNEZ BARRIOS

FEBRUARY 1936 ELECTIONS

LEFT-WING PARTIES WENT TO THE ELECTIONS IN A COALITION: THE POPULAR FRONT

THEY CLAIMED THE REFORMS OF THEREFORMIST BIENNIUM AND AMNISTY FOR THE PRISIONERS OF THEOCTOBER 1934 REVOLUTION

RIGHT-WING PARTIES DID NOTACHIEVE TO FORM AN UNIQUE FRONT

WITHOUT A WELL DEFINEDPOLITICAL PROGRAMME. THEYWANTED TO REFORMTHE CONSTITUTION


THE GOVERNMENT OF THE POPULAR FRONT. FEB 1936-JUL 1936

AZAÑA- PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC CASARES QUIROGAPRESIDENTE OF THE GOVERNMENT

INDALECIO PRIETO-PSOE

FIRST MEASURES

-- AMNISTY-- GO BACK TO THE REFORMS.-- RESTABLISH THE ESTATUTES-- KEEPING THE ARMY AT A DISTANCE

AZAÑA FORMS A GOVERNMENT WITH REPUBLICANS. ALCALÁ ZAMORA IS SACKED AND AZAÑAIS THE NEW PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC. THEY TRIED TO APPOINT INDALECIO PRIETO AS APRESIDENT OF THE GOVERNMENT (PSOE REJECTS IT). CASARES QUIROGA IS APPOINTED.

DISMISSAL OFNICETO ALCALÁ ZAMORA

SOCIAL UNREST CLIMATE

LEFT VS RIGHT

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE POPULAR FRONT. FEB 1936-JUL 1936

THE COUP D’ETAT OF JULY 1936

MOLA: “THE DIRECTOR”

JOSÉ SANJURJO

Download - Unit 10. Spain, a time of conflict

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