Download - Transit of Venus Excerpt
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8/2/2019 Transit of Venus Excerpt
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xpaj}ix ng wkj{}
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8/2/2019 Transit of Venus Excerpt
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Xbk xpaj}ix Wkj{} ij 0668
mavx{pkh ij {cxpawickx po
xbk {jiq{k vkp}vkmxiwk
JA]A} ]{j/`}kpwij XPAMK
}vamkmpax* JA]A.CO]AC
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8/2/2019 Transit of Venus Excerpt
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jimd cno`
17=1 xn xbk vpk}kjx
wkj{}
xpaj}ix ng
XBKKRVKPIOKJX
jku ynpd
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8/2/2019 Transit of Venus Excerpt
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XPAJ]IX NG WKJ[]< 17=1 xn xbk Vpk}kjx# `y Jimd Cno`
Mnvypiebx Vnukpbn{}k O{}k{o 0611
Acc piebx} pk}kpwkh* Krmkvx np `pik va}}aek} q{nxkh ij jku}vavkp# oaea|ijk#pahin# xkckwi}inj# np njcijk pkwiku}# jn vnpxinj n xbi} `nnd oay `k pkvpnh{mkh#hi}xpi`{xkh# np xpaj}oixxkh ij ajy npo np `y ajy okaj}# kckmxpnjim npokmbajimac# ijmc{hije vbnxnmnvyije# pkmnphije# np ijnpoaxinj }xnpaek nppkxpikwac }y}xko# uixbn{x xbk vpinp upixxkj vkpoi}}inj n xbk v{`ci}bkp*
Xbk Krvkpiokjx076 Gixb Awkj{k
Jku Ynpd# JY 16661/7862uuu*xbkkrvkpiokjxv{`ci}bije*mno
Xpaj}ix ng Wkj{} ua} gp}x v{`ci}bkh ij A{}xpacia `y Jku]n{xb# aj iovpijx n[J]U Vpk}}* Xbi} gp}x Jnpxb Aokpimaj khixinj i} v{`ci}bkh ij a}}nmiaxinjuixb xbk Vnukpbn{}k O{}k{o# ]yhjky# A{}xpacia# ajh Jku]n{xb V{`ci}bije*
Xbi} `nnd i} vpijxkh nj vavkp {}ije g`pk }{vvcikh pno vcajxaxinj np}{}xaija`cy oajaekh npk}x}*
Xbk Krvkpiokjx} `nnd} apk awaica`ck ax }vkmiac hi}mn{jx} ubkj v{pmba}kh
ij `{cd np vpkoi{o} ajh }ack} vpnonxinj} a} ukcc a} np {jhpai}ije npkh{maxinjac {}k* Gnp hkxaic}# mnjxamx {} ax ijnFxbkkrvkpiokjxv{`ci}bije*mno*
Ci`papy n Mnjepk}} Mnjxpnc J{o`kp< 06119=72=8I]@J 952/1/71;19/6;;/=
Hk}iej `y Hi Q{imdOaj{amx{pkh ij Mbija
Hi}xpi`{xkh y Unpdoaj V{`ci}bije Mnovajy# Ijm*Hi}xpi`{xkh }io{cxajkn{}cy ij Majaha `y Xbnoa} Acckj ajh ]nj Cxh*
V{`ci}bkh ij Jnpxb Aokpima ij Avpic 061016 9 2 5 7 ; 8 = 0 1
Jnxk nj oka}{pkokjx}
Ij xbi} `nnd oka}{pkokjx} apk ekjkpaccy eiwkj ij okxpim ajh iovkpiac {jix}* Gnpij}xajmk} ubkpk jn [] kq{iwackjx} apk eiwkj# jnxk xbax 1 do i} a`n{x 6*7 oick}# 1okxpk i} a`n{x 1*1 yaph} ajh 1 mo i} a`n{x 6*8 ijmbk}* Xbk wac{k np xbk a}xpnjnoimac{jix eiwkj ij xbk 0611 A}xpnjnoimac Acoajam i} kq{iwackjx xn 90 9;; 265*08 oick}*
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8/2/2019 Transit of Venus Excerpt
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Xpaj}ix Ga}x Gamx} 16
Ijxpnh{mxinj11
A }vnx n {j{}{ac oaejix{hk< 17=9 08
Gpn|kj vcaij} ajh xpnvimac }ka}< 1571 88
Wkj{} n xbk ]n{xb ]ka}< 1579 57
Mavx{pije xbk xpaj}ix< 1258 ajh 1220 167
]vamk/aek xpaj}ix< 0668 178
N`}kpwije xbk 0610 xpaj}ix 066
Ecn}}apy 017
@i`cinepavby 012
Amdjnuckheokjx} 00=
Ijhkr 008
mnjxkjx}
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Aj apxi}x} iovpk}}ij xbk
}cap }y}xko }buij xbk
avvprioaxk pkcaxiwk }i|k} xbk
vcajkx}* Owij {xuaph} po
xbk ]{j j xbk ckx# xbk vcajkx}
apk Okpm{py# Wkj{}# Kapxb#Oap}# L{vixkp# ]ax{pj# [paj{}
ajh Jkvx{jk# ccukh `y xbk
huap vcajkx Vc{x* C{jap ajh
Vcajkxapy Ij}xix{xk JA]A*
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A XPAJ]IX nMM[P]ubkj a vcajkx mp}}k} xbk
hi}m xbk ]{j a} }kkjpo xbk Kapxb*
njcy xbk xu ijjkpo}xvcajkx}# Okpm{py ajh Wkj{}#maj xpaj}ix xbk ]{j ubkj}kkj po Kapxb*
H{pij a xpaj}ix# Wkj{}avvkap} ij }icb{kxxk a}a hapd mipm{cap }vx a`{xjk/xbipxy/xbiph xbk uihxb xbk ]{j*
A xpaj}ix Wkj{} maj mm{pjcy ij kapcy L{jk p kapcyHkmko`kp*
Kibx ykap} axkp a gp}xxpaj}ix# Wkj{} ajh Kapxb apk`amd ij aco}x xbk }aokv}ixij ajh } xbkpk i} xbkv}}i`icixy a }kmjh
xpaj}ix*
I Wkj{} mp}}k} xbk }{xb/kpj vapx xbk ]{j ax xbkgp}x a vaip xpaj}ix}#xbkj ix uicc mp}} xbk jpxb/kpj vapx ax xbk ccuijxpaj}ix kibx ykap} caxkp*
I Wkj{} mp}}k} xbkjpxbkpj vapx xbk ]{j
ax xbk gp}x a vaip xpaj}ix}# xbkj ix uicc mp}}xbk }{xbkpj vapx ax xbkccuij xpaj}ix kibxykap} caxkp*
I Wkj{} mp}}k} jkap xbkmkjxpk xbk ]{j# xbkpkuicc `k j }kmjh xpaj}ixkibx ykap} caxkp* Xbi}}ix{axij uicc jx mm{p
{jxic =629*
Axkp xbk }kmjh avaip L{jk xpaj}ix}# xbkjkrx jk mm{p} 16;*;ykap} caxkp# ubick axkpxbk }kmjh a vaip Hkmko`kp xpaj}ix} xbkjkrx mm{p} 101*; ykap}caxkp* Gp kraovck# axkp
xbk Hkmko`kp xpaj}ix 1220 xbk jkrx jk ua} ijL{jk 0668*
Xbk vaxxkpj xpaj}ix}pkvkax} kwkpy 08= ykap}*
]ijmk xbk ijwkjxij xbk xkck}mvk# xpaj}ix} Wkj{} bawk mm{ppkh ij17=1 "{j`}kpwkh)# 17=9"xbk gp}x `}kpwkh)# 1571#1579# 1258# 1220 ajh0668# uixb xbk jkrx jk
ij 0610* Xbk ccuij vaip
xpaj}ix} Wkj{} uicc `k
j 11 Hkmko`kp 0115
ajh 2 Hkmko`kp 010;*
Xbk vaxb} Wkj{}
ajh Kapxb ap{jh xbk
]{j a} }kkj po a`wk*
Gp Wkj{} x xpaj}ix amp}} xbk ]{j} amk# xbk Kapxb ajhWkj{} o{}x acij ij kramxcy xbk pibx uay# oadij xbi} a
papk a}xpjoimac kwkjx "p opk hkxaickh ijpoaxij# }kk
Bu a xpaj}ix Wkj{} upd}# j vak} 06765)*
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8/2/2019 Transit of Venus Excerpt
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Kwky } gxk# xbk vcakx Wk} k} }okxbie koada`ck* Ix} `ix `ie}
ix x a vix ikxcy `kxukk xbk ] a xbk Kaxb# ubkk ix avvka} x }
a} a `cad x owie a}} xbk `iebx i} g xbk ]* Xbi} xa}ix g Wk}
i} ak# ie i vai} kiebx yka} avax a xbk x g ok xba a
bk yka}4 ix ba} ga}iaxk a}xok} g kxik}*
ijxpnh{mxinj
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x p a j } i x n g w k j { }
Bkoi}vbkpim wiku Wkj{}
vph{mkh `y xbk Oakccaj
}vamkmpax* ]kk `r j xbk
Oakccaj oi}}ij j vak}
17775* JA]A*
Xbk mwkp Bkjpy Mbao`kpcaij
P{}}kcc} N`}kpwaxinj} ng xbk
Xpaj}ix ng Wkj{}# 9 Hkmko`kp#
1258* Vukpb{}k O{}k{o
Pk}kapmb Ci`papy
H{pije xbk 12xb ajh 19xb mkjx{pik}#
a}xpnjnokp} ajh krvcnpkp} }kx n{x nj cnje ajh
hajekpn{} ln{pjky} xn apauay vcamk} ij nphkp xn
n`}kpwk xbi} vpi|kh mkck}xiac kwkjx# nxkj kjh{pije
epkax baph}biv} acnje xbk uay* Xbk Gpkjmb
a}xpnjnokp E{icca{ok Ck Ekjxic# np kraovck#
}vkjx onpk xbaj 11 ykap} auay pno bnok xpyije#uixb wapyije hkepkk} n }{mmk}}# xn n`}kpwk xbk
xun xpaj}ix} n 1571 ajh 1579 pno }n{xbkpj A}ia
ajh xbk Ijhiaj Nmkaj* Ajh# aon{}cy# xbk Kjeci}b
krvcnpkp Cik{xkjajx Laok} Mnnd }aickh xn Xabixi np
xbk xpaj}ix n = L{jk 1579# a wnyaek xbax ckh xn bi}
oavvije xbk ubnck n Jku \kacajh ajh xbk ka}x
mna}x n A{}xpacia ajh mcaioije xbk}k cajh} np xbk@pixi}b Mpnuj*
Xbk axxkovx} xn n`}kpwk xbn}k xpaj}ix} n va}x
mkjx{pik} ukpk }nok n xbk kapcik}x }mikjxigm
krvkhixinj}* Xbky ckh# np xbk gp}x xiok# xn
ijxkpjaxinjac mnnvkpaxinj `kxukkj }mikjxi}x} ij
vcajjije ajh a}}i}xije n`}kpwaxinj}# kwkj ij }nok
ma}k} ubick xbkip mn{jxpik} n npieij ukpk ax uap*
Oajy vknvck uicc pkmacc xbk krmixkokjx n xbk
xpaj}ix n Wkj{} nj 2 L{jk 0668# xbk gp}x xpaj}ix
}ijmk 1220* ]kkije Wkj{} ij pnjx n xbk ]{j np
xbk gp}x xiok ij n{p cikxiok} ua} a vnukp{c
krvkpikjmk# bkcvije {} xn mnjjkmx uixb xbk bi}xnpy
ajh }iejigmajmk n xbi} papk kwkjx# acxbn{eb
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x p a j } i x n g w k j { }
Xbk nvkpa B{}k ajh ]yhjky
Bap`{p oadk a }vkmxam{cap
`amdhpv a} {p vcajkx} pi}k
ij xbk ka}xkpj vpk/hauj }dy*
Wkj{} i} xbk `pibxk}x xbk
xpiajck# uixb L{vixkp j xbk ckx
ajh Okpm{py j xbk pibx* Oap}
i} `kcu# `{x aco}x c}x ij xbk
xuicibx* ]yhjky n`}kpwaxpy#
]yhjky# A{}xpacia* Oay 0611*
Vbx< Okci}}a B{c`kpx
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1;
I j X p n h { m X I n j
wikuije xbk 0668 xpaj}ix ua} ap ka}ikp xbaj ix bah
`kkj np xbk ahwkjx{pn{} a}xpnjnokp} n vpkwin{}
mkjx{pik}*
A} I upixk xbk}k unph}# xbk }kmnjh n xbk vaip n
01}x/mkjx{py xpaj}ix} n Wkj{} i} a}x avvpnambije*
Xbi} xpaj}ix# xbk ca}x {jxic xbk ykap 0115# uicc xadk
vcamk nj ; np 7 L{jk 0610 "hkvkjhije nj yn{pcnmaxinj) ajh vknvck nj on}x mnjxijkjx} uicc bawk
xbk nvvnpx{jixy xn }kk acc np ax cka}x vapx n xbk kwkjx*
Xbk `k}x n`}kpwije cnmaxinj} uicc `k ij A{}xpacia# Jku
\kacajh# Lavaj# Dnpka ajh jkap`y mn{jxpik}* Gpno
xbkpk# n`}kpwkp} uicc `k a`ck xn }kk xbk xpaj}ix pno xbk
xiok xbk vcajkx onwk} ij pnjx n xbk hi}m n xbk ]{j
{jxic ix ckawk} ix a`n{x }ir ajh a bac bn{p} caxkp* Gpno
on}x n xbk mnjxijkjxac [jixkh ]xaxk}# vknvck uicc
`k a`ck xn }kk xbk ]{j }kx uixb Wkj{} }xicc mpn}}ije ix}
hi}m# ubick xbn}k ij K{pnvk uajxije xn }kk xbk kwkjx
uicc jkkh xn pi}k kapcy# a} pno xbkpk Wkj{} uicc acpkahy
`k onwije ampn}} xbk hi}m n xbk ]{j ax }{jpi}k*
Uby acc xbk g{}}>
Uby ukpk a}xpnjnokp} n xbk 12xb ajh 19xb mkjx{pik}
}n dkkj xn n`}kpwk xbk xpaj}ix n Wkj{}> Xbk pka}nj
ua} xbax ix vpnwihkh a uay n oka}{pije xbk hi}xajmk
n xbk Kapxb pno xbk ]{j* Xbax hi}xajmk# djnuj xn
a}xpnjnokp} a} xbk a}xpnjnoimac {jix "A[)# i} njk
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x p a j } i x n g w k j { }
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Aj apxi}x} iovpk}}ij aj
kckmxpimac }xpo j Wkj{}*
JA]A.K]A 0665/1=5
ACXBn[eB WKJ [] I] JAOKH
axkp xbk Poaj hhk}} cwk#
xbk mjhixij} j ix} }{pamk apk
ajyxbij `{x }kh{mxiwk* n{p jkap
jkib`{p i} a bkcci}bcy bx# `appkj
ajh ijb}vixa`ck upch*
A wi}ixij a}xpja{x m{ch krvkmx a
kpmi{} ukcmok< bk p }bk u{ch
`k }io{cxajk{}cy pikh aciwk `y xbk
878M xkovkpax{pk} "bx kj{b x
okcx ckah) ajh mp{}bkh `y xbk b{k
axo}vbkpim vpk}}{pk# ubimb i} 90
xiok} xbax j Kapxb*
Uixb a pahi{} 10 168
dicokxpk}# Wkj{} i} aco}x xbk
}aok }i|k a} xbk Kapxb# `{x xbkpk
xbk }ioicapixik} kjh*
Xbk vcajkx} xbimd axo}vbkpk i}
oaijcy oahk {v map`j hirihk
uixb mc{h} }{cvb{pim amih xbax
vph{mk pkq{kjx kckmxpimac }xpo}*
Xbi} hkj}k `cajdkx map`j hirihk
vpkwkjx} bkax ckawij xbk vcajkx#
ubimb i} uby ix} }{pamk i} xbk
bxxk}x aoj acc xbk vcajkx} ij xbk
}cap }y}xko# kwkj bxxkp xbaj xbax
xbk ijjkpo}x vcajkx# Okpm{py*
@kma{}k xbk xbimd axo}vbkpk
ba} ac} vpkwkjxkh {} po }kkij
xbk vcajkx} }{pamk uixb xkck}mvk}
p }axkccixk}# JA]A} Oakccaj
}vamkmpax ua} }kjx x p`ix xbk
vcajkx ubick }majjij ix uixb pahap*
@kxukkj 1996 ajh 1998# Oakccaj
}{mmkkhkh ij oavvij 92 vkpmkjx
xbk }{pamk# ajh }bukh xbax cawa
ajh wcmajk} b{jhpkh} xbko
hoijaxk xbk cajh}mavk "}kk `r j
vak} 17775)*
W k j { } Xbky }xicc {}k xbk vcajkx Wkj{}# {x
jnu xbky hn ix `y }kjhije pahap }iejac} xnuaph}xbk vcajkx ajh uaixije np xbk kmbn xn appiwk `amd*
Ubkj Wkj{} i} ax ix} mcn}k}x xn Kapxb xbi} uaix i}
a`n{x gwk oij{xk}* Njmk xbk hi}xajmk xn Wkj{} i}
hkxkpoijkh# xbk a}xpnjnoimac {jix i} ka}icy n{jh
{}ije xbk djnuj paxin `kxukkj xbk hi}xajmk} n
Kapxb ajh Wkj{} pno xbk ]{j* ]kvapaxk epn{v}
n a}xpnjnokp} cnmaxkh ax xbk 57/okxpk pahin
xkck}mnvk ax Lnhpkcc @ajd jkap Oajmbk}xkp ij xbk
[D# ax JA]A} 56/okxpk pkmkiwkp ax Ench}xnjk ij
Jku Okrimn ij xbk [jixkh ]xaxk}# ajh ij xbk ]nwikx
[jinj gp}x {}kh xbi} xkmbjiq{k ij 1971*
Xbk m{ppkjx wac{k np xbk a}xpnjnoimac {jix
i} }n amm{paxk xbax ix} kramx wac{k hkvkjh} nj xbk
vpkmi}k hkgjixinj n a }kmnjh xbax i} {}kh# a} xbi}
akmx} xbk wac{k n xbk }vkkh n ciebx* Xbk 0611
A}xpnjnoimac Acoajam# aj ajj{ac v{`cimaxinj xbax
i} xbk {jhaokjxac pkkpkjmk np xbk onxinj n xbk
]{j# xbk vcajkx} ajh xbk wac{k} n a}xpnjnoimac
mnj}xajx}# ci}x} ix} wac{k a} vpkmi}kcy 189 ;95 256 566
okxpk} uixb a vn}}i`ck kppnp n njcy = okxpk}*
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