transit of venus excerpt

8/2/2019 Transit of Venus Excerpt

1/20

xpaj}ix ng wkj{}


2/20

Xbk xpaj}ix Wkj{} ij 0668

mavx{pkh ij {cxpawickx po

xbk {jiq{k vkp}vkmxiwk

JA]A} ]{j/`}kpwij XPAMK

}vamkmpax* JA]A.CO]AC


3/20


4/20


5/20

jimd cno`

17=1 xn xbk vpk}kjx

wkj{}

xpaj}ix ng

XBKKRVKPIOKJX

jku ynpd


6/20

XPAJ]IX NG WKJ[]< 17=1 xn xbk Vpk}kjx# `y Jimd Cno`

Mnvypiebx Vnukpbn{}k O{}k{o 0611

Acc piebx} pk}kpwkh* Krmkvx np `pik va}}aek} q{nxkh ij jku}vavkp# oaea|ijk#pahin# xkckwi}inj# np njcijk pkwiku}# jn vnpxinj n xbi} `nnd oay `k pkvpnh{mkh#hi}xpi`{xkh# np xpaj}oixxkh ij ajy npo np `y ajy okaj}# kckmxpnjim npokmbajimac# ijmc{hije vbnxnmnvyije# pkmnphije# np ijnpoaxinj }xnpaek nppkxpikwac }y}xko# uixbn{x xbk vpinp upixxkj vkpoi}}inj n xbk v{`ci}bkp*

Xbk Krvkpiokjx076 Gixb Awkj{k

Jku Ynpd# JY 16661/7862uuu*xbkkrvkpiokjxv{`ci}bije*mno

Xpaj}ix ng Wkj{} ua} gp}x v{`ci}bkh ij A{}xpacia `y Jku]n{xb# aj iovpijx n[J]U Vpk}}* Xbi} gp}x Jnpxb Aokpimaj khixinj i} v{`ci}bkh ij a}}nmiaxinjuixb xbk Vnukpbn{}k O{}k{o# ]yhjky# A{}xpacia# ajh Jku]n{xb V{`ci}bije*

Xbi} `nnd i} vpijxkh nj vavkp {}ije g`pk }{vvcikh pno vcajxaxinj np}{}xaija`cy oajaekh npk}x}*

Xbk Krvkpiokjx} `nnd} apk awaica`ck ax }vkmiac hi}mn{jx} ubkj v{pmba}kh

ij `{cd np vpkoi{o} ajh }ack} vpnonxinj} a} ukcc a} np {jhpai}ije npkh{maxinjac {}k* Gnp hkxaic}# mnjxamx {} ax ijnFxbkkrvkpiokjxv{`ci}bije*mno*

Ci`papy n Mnjepk}} Mnjxpnc J{o`kp< 06119=72=8I]@J 952/1/71;19/6;;/=

Hk}iej `y Hi Q{imdOaj{amx{pkh ij Mbija

Hi}xpi`{xkh y Unpdoaj V{`ci}bije Mnovajy# Ijm*Hi}xpi`{xkh }io{cxajkn{}cy ij Majaha `y Xbnoa} Acckj ajh ]nj Cxh*

V{`ci}bkh ij Jnpxb Aokpima ij Avpic 061016 9 2 5 7 ; 8 = 0 1

Jnxk nj oka}{pkokjx}

Ij xbi} `nnd oka}{pkokjx} apk ekjkpaccy eiwkj ij okxpim ajh iovkpiac {jix}* Gnpij}xajmk} ubkpk jn [] kq{iwackjx} apk eiwkj# jnxk xbax 1 do i} a`n{x 6*7 oick}# 1okxpk i} a`n{x 1*1 yaph} ajh 1 mo i} a`n{x 6*8 ijmbk}* Xbk wac{k np xbk a}xpnjnoimac{jix eiwkj ij xbk 0611 A}xpnjnoimac Acoajam i} kq{iwackjx xn 90 9;; 265*08 oick}*


7/20

Xpaj}ix Ga}x Gamx} 16

Ijxpnh{mxinj11

A }vnx n {j{}{ac oaejix{hk< 17=9 08

Gpn|kj vcaij} ajh xpnvimac }ka}< 1571 88

Wkj{} n xbk ]n{xb ]ka}< 1579 57

Mavx{pije xbk xpaj}ix< 1258 ajh 1220 167

]vamk/aek xpaj}ix< 0668 178

N`}kpwije xbk 0610 xpaj}ix 066

Ecn}}apy 017

@i`cinepavby 012

Amdjnuckheokjx} 00=

Ijhkr 008

mnjxkjx}


8/20

Aj apxi}x} iovpk}}ij xbk

}cap }y}xko }buij xbk

avvprioaxk pkcaxiwk }i|k} xbk

vcajkx}* Owij {xuaph} po

xbk ]{j j xbk ckx# xbk vcajkx}

apk Okpm{py# Wkj{}# Kapxb#Oap}# L{vixkp# ]ax{pj# [paj{}

ajh Jkvx{jk# ccukh `y xbk

huap vcajkx Vc{x* C{jap ajh

Vcajkxapy Ij}xix{xk JA]A*


9/20


10/20

A XPAJ]IX nMM[P]ubkj a vcajkx mp}}k} xbk

hi}m xbk ]{j a} }kkjpo xbk Kapxb*

njcy xbk xu ijjkpo}xvcajkx}# Okpm{py ajh Wkj{}#maj xpaj}ix xbk ]{j ubkj}kkj po Kapxb*

H{pij a xpaj}ix# Wkj{}avvkap} ij }icb{kxxk a}a hapd mipm{cap }vx a`{xjk/xbipxy/xbiph xbk uihxb xbk ]{j*

A xpaj}ix Wkj{} maj mm{pjcy ij kapcy L{jk p kapcyHkmko`kp*

Kibx ykap} axkp a gp}xxpaj}ix# Wkj{} ajh Kapxb apk`amd ij aco}x xbk }aokv}ixij ajh } xbkpk i} xbkv}}i`icixy a }kmjh

xpaj}ix*

I Wkj{} mp}}k} xbk }{xb/kpj vapx xbk ]{j ax xbkgp}x a vaip xpaj}ix}#xbkj ix uicc mp}} xbk jpxb/kpj vapx ax xbk ccuijxpaj}ix kibx ykap} caxkp*

I Wkj{} mp}}k} xbkjpxbkpj vapx xbk ]{j

ax xbk gp}x a vaip xpaj}ix}# xbkj ix uicc mp}}xbk }{xbkpj vapx ax xbkccuij xpaj}ix kibxykap} caxkp*

I Wkj{} mp}}k} jkap xbkmkjxpk xbk ]{j# xbkpkuicc `k j }kmjh xpaj}ixkibx ykap} caxkp* Xbi}}ix{axij uicc jx mm{p

{jxic =629*

Axkp xbk }kmjh avaip L{jk xpaj}ix}# xbkjkrx jk mm{p} 16;*;ykap} caxkp# ubick axkpxbk }kmjh a vaip Hkmko`kp xpaj}ix} xbkjkrx mm{p} 101*; ykap}caxkp* Gp kraovck# axkp

xbk Hkmko`kp xpaj}ix 1220 xbk jkrx jk ua} ijL{jk 0668*

Xbk vaxxkpj xpaj}ix}pkvkax} kwkpy 08= ykap}*

]ijmk xbk ijwkjxij xbk xkck}mvk# xpaj}ix} Wkj{} bawk mm{ppkh ij17=1 "{j`}kpwkh)# 17=9"xbk gp}x `}kpwkh)# 1571#1579# 1258# 1220 ajh0668# uixb xbk jkrx jk

ij 0610* Xbk ccuij vaip

xpaj}ix} Wkj{} uicc `k

j 11 Hkmko`kp 0115

ajh 2 Hkmko`kp 010;*

Xbk vaxb} Wkj{}

ajh Kapxb ap{jh xbk

]{j a} }kkj po a`wk*

Gp Wkj{} x xpaj}ix amp}} xbk ]{j} amk# xbk Kapxb ajhWkj{} o{}x acij ij kramxcy xbk pibx uay# oadij xbi} a

papk a}xpjoimac kwkjx "p opk hkxaickh ijpoaxij# }kk

Bu a xpaj}ix Wkj{} upd}# j vak} 06765)*

X

p

a

j

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iX

ga

}

X

ga

m

X

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11/20

11

Kwky } gxk# xbk vcakx Wk} k} }okxbie koada`ck* Ix} ìx ìe}

ix x a vix ikxcy `kxukk xbk ] a xbk Kaxb# ubkk ix avvka} x }

a} a `cad x owie a}} xbk ìebx i} g xbk ]* Xbi} xa}ix g Wk}

i} ak# ie i vai} kiebx yka} avax a xbk x g ok xba a

bk yka}4 ix ba} ga}iaxk a}xok} g kxik}*

ijxpnh{mxinj


12/20

10

x p a j } i x n g w k j { }

Bkoi}vbkpim wiku Wkj{}

vph{mkh `y xbk Oakccaj

}vamkmpax* ]kk `r j xbk

Oakccaj oi}}ij j vak}

17775* JA]A*

Xbk mwkp Bkjpy Mbao`kpcaij

P{}}kcc} N`}kpwaxinj} ng xbk

Xpaj}ix ng Wkj{}# 9 Hkmko`kp#

1258* Vukpb{}k O{}k{o

Pk}kapmb Ci`papy

H{pije xbk 12xb ajh 19xb mkjx{pik}#

a}xpnjnokp} ajh krvcnpkp} }kx n{x nj cnje ajh

hajekpn{} ln{pjky} xn apauay vcamk} ij nphkp xn

n`}kpwk xbi} vpi|kh mkck}xiac kwkjx# nxkj kjh{pije

epkax baph}biv} acnje xbk uay* Xbk Gpkjmb

a}xpnjnokp E{icca{ok Ck Ekjxic# np kraovck#

}vkjx onpk xbaj 11 ykap} auay pno bnok xpyije#uixb wapyije hkepkk} n }{mmk}}# xn n`}kpwk xbk

xun xpaj}ix} n 1571 ajh 1579 pno }n{xbkpj A}ia

ajh xbk Ijhiaj Nmkaj* Ajh# aon{}cy# xbk Kjeci}b

krvcnpkp Cik{xkjajx Laok} Mnnd }aickh xn Xabixi np

xbk xpaj}ix n = L{jk 1579# a wnyaek xbax ckh xn bi}

oavvije xbk ubnck n Jku \kacajh ajh xbk ka}x

mna}x n A{}xpacia ajh mcaioije xbk}k cajh} np xbk@pixi}b Mpnuj*

Xbk axxkovx} xn n`}kpwk xbn}k xpaj}ix} n va}x

mkjx{pik} ukpk }nok n xbk kapcik}x }mikjxigm

krvkhixinj}* Xbky ckh# np xbk gp}x xiok# xn

ijxkpjaxinjac mnnvkpaxinj `kxukkj }mikjxi}x} ij

vcajjije ajh a}}i}xije n`}kpwaxinj}# kwkj ij }nok

ma}k} ubick xbkip mn{jxpik} n npieij ukpk ax uap*

Oajy vknvck uicc pkmacc xbk krmixkokjx n xbk

xpaj}ix n Wkj{} nj 2 L{jk 0668# xbk gp}x xpaj}ix

}ijmk 1220* ]kkije Wkj{} ij pnjx n xbk ]{j np

xbk gp}x xiok ij n{p cikxiok} ua} a vnukp{c

krvkpikjmk# bkcvije {} xn mnjjkmx uixb xbk bi}xnpy

ajh }iejigmajmk n xbi} papk kwkjx# acxbn{eb


13/20


14/20

18


Xbk nvkpa B{}k ajh ]yhjky

Bap`{p oadk a }vkmxam{cap

`amdhpv a} {p vcajkx} pi}k

ij xbk ka}xkpj vpk/hauj }dy*

Wkj{} i} xbk `pibxk}x xbk

xpiajck# uixb L{vixkp j xbk ckx

ajh Okpm{py j xbk pibx* Oap}

i} `kcu# `{x aco}x c}x ij xbk

xuicibx* ]yhjky n`}kpwaxpy#

]yhjky# A{}xpacia* Oay 0611*

Vbx< Okci}}a B{c`kpx


15/20

1;

I j X p n h { m X I n j

wikuije xbk 0668 xpaj}ix ua} ap ka}ikp xbaj ix bah

`kkj np xbk ahwkjx{pn{} a}xpnjnokp} n vpkwin{}

mkjx{pik}*

A} I upixk xbk}k unph}# xbk }kmnjh n xbk vaip n

01}x/mkjx{py xpaj}ix} n Wkj{} i} a}x avvpnambije*

Xbi} xpaj}ix# xbk ca}x {jxic xbk ykap 0115# uicc xadk

vcamk nj ; np 7 L{jk 0610 "hkvkjhije nj yn{pcnmaxinj) ajh vknvck nj on}x mnjxijkjx} uicc bawk

xbk nvvnpx{jixy xn }kk acc np ax cka}x vapx n xbk kwkjx*

Xbk `k}x n`}kpwije cnmaxinj} uicc `k ij A{}xpacia# Jku

\kacajh# Lavaj# Dnpka ajh jkap`y mn{jxpik}* Gpno

xbkpk# n`}kpwkp} uicc `k a`ck xn }kk xbk xpaj}ix pno xbk

xiok xbk vcajkx onwk} ij pnjx n xbk hi}m n xbk ]{j

{jxic ix ckawk} ix a`n{x }ir ajh a bac bn{p} caxkp* Gpno

on}x n xbk mnjxijkjxac [jixkh ]xaxk}# vknvck uicc

`k a`ck xn }kk xbk ]{j }kx uixb Wkj{} }xicc mpn}}ije ix}

hi}m# ubick xbn}k ij K{pnvk uajxije xn }kk xbk kwkjx

uicc jkkh xn pi}k kapcy# a} pno xbkpk Wkj{} uicc acpkahy

`k onwije ampn}} xbk hi}m n xbk ]{j ax }{jpi}k*

Uby acc xbk g{}}>

Uby ukpk a}xpnjnokp} n xbk 12xb ajh 19xb mkjx{pik}

}n dkkj xn n`}kpwk xbk xpaj}ix n Wkj{}> Xbk pka}nj

ua} xbax ix vpnwihkh a uay n oka}{pije xbk hi}xajmk

n xbk Kapxb pno xbk ]{j* Xbax hi}xajmk# djnuj xn

a}xpnjnokp} a} xbk a}xpnjnoimac {jix "A[)# i} njk


16/20

17



17/20

15

Aj apxi}x} iovpk}}ij aj

kckmxpimac }xpo j Wkj{}*

JA]A.K]A 0665/1=5

ACXBn[eB WKJ [] I] JAOKH

axkp xbk Poaj hhk}} cwk#

xbk mjhixij} j ix} }{pamk apk

ajyxbij `{x }kh{mxiwk* n{p jkap

jkib`{p i} a bkcci}bcy bx# àppkj

ajh ijb}vixa`ck upch*

A wi}ixij a}xpja{x m{ch krvkmx a

kpmi{} ukcmok< bk p }bk u{ch

`k }io{cxajk{}cy pikh aciwk `y xbk

878M xkovkpax{pk} "bx kj{b x

okcx ckah) ajh mp{}bkh `y xbk b{k

axo}vbkpim vpk}}{pk# ubimb i} 90

xiok} xbax j Kapxb*

Uixb a pahi{} 10 168

dicokxpk}# Wkj{} i} aco}x xbk

}aok }i|k a} xbk Kapxb# `{x xbkpk

xbk }ioicapixik} kjh*

Xbk vcajkx} xbimd axo}vbkpk i}

oaijcy oahk {v map`j hirihk

uixb mc{h} }{cvb{pim amih xbax

vph{mk pkq{kjx kckmxpimac }xpo}*

Xbi} hkj}k `cajdkx map`j hirihk

vpkwkjx} bkax ckawij xbk vcajkx#

ubimb i} uby ix} }{pamk i} xbk

bxxk}x aoj acc xbk vcajkx} ij xbk

}cap }y}xko# kwkj bxxkp xbaj xbax

xbk ijjkpo}x vcajkx# Okpm{py*

@kma{}k xbk xbimd axo}vbkpk

ba} ac} vpkwkjxkh {} po }kkij

xbk vcajkx} }{pamk uixb xkck}mvk}

p }axkccixk}# JA]A} Oakccaj

}vamkmpax ua} }kjx x pìx xbk

vcajkx ubick }majjij ix uixb pahap*

@kxukkj 1996 ajh 1998# Oakccaj

}{mmkkhkh ij oavvij 92 vkpmkjx

xbk }{pamk# ajh }bukh xbax cawa

ajh wcmajk} b{jhpkh} xbko

hoijaxk xbk cajh}mavk "}kk `r j

vak} 17775)*

W k j { } Xbky }xicc {}k xbk vcajkx Wkj{}# {x

jnu xbky hn ix `y }kjhije pahap }iejac} xnuaph}xbk vcajkx ajh uaixije np xbk kmbn xn appiwk àmd*

Ubkj Wkj{} i} ax ix} mcn}k}x xn Kapxb xbi} uaix i}

a`n{x gwk oij{xk}* Njmk xbk hi}xajmk xn Wkj{} i}

hkxkpoijkh# xbk a}xpnjnoimac {jix i} ka}icy n{jh

{}ije xbk djnuj paxin `kxukkj xbk hi}xajmk} n

Kapxb ajh Wkj{} pno xbk ]{j* ]kvapaxk epn{v}

n a}xpnjnokp} cnmaxkh ax xbk 57/okxpk pahin

xkck}mnvk ax Lnhpkcc @ajd jkap Oajmbk}xkp ij xbk

[D# ax JA]A} 56/okxpk pkmkiwkp ax Ench}xnjk ij

Jku Okrimn ij xbk [jixkh ]xaxk}# ajh ij xbk ]nwikx

[jinj gp}x {}kh xbi} xkmbjiq{k ij 1971*

Xbk m{ppkjx wac{k np xbk a}xpnjnoimac {jix

i} }n amm{paxk xbax ix} kramx wac{k hkvkjh} nj xbk

vpkmi}k hkgjixinj n a }kmnjh xbax i} {}kh# a} xbi}

akmx} xbk wac{k n xbk }vkkh n ciebx* Xbk 0611

A}xpnjnoimac Acoajam# aj ajj{ac v{`cimaxinj xbax

i} xbk {jhaokjxac pkkpkjmk np xbk onxinj n xbk

]{j# xbk vcajkx} ajh xbk wac{k} n a}xpnjnoimac

mnj}xajx}# ci}x} ix} wac{k a} vpkmi}kcy 189 ;95 256 566

okxpk} uixb a vn}}i`ck kppnp n njcy = okxpk}*


20/20

transit of venus excerpt

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