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Toward the SST Climate Data Record from Space
Kenneth S. Casey - NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center Kenneth S. Casey - NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center
Richard W. Reynolds - NOAA National Climatic Data CenterRichard W. Reynolds - NOAA National Climatic Data Center
Edward J. Kearns - University of MiamiEdward J. Kearns - University of Miami
Andrew D. Barton - NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center Andrew D. Barton - NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center
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The AVHRR Pathfinder ProgramThe AVHRR Pathfinder Program
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on NOAA Polar Orbiters(AVHRR) on NOAA Polar Orbiters
Heritage: NOAA/NASA AVHRR Oceans Heritage: NOAA/NASA AVHRR Oceans Pathfinder Program of the 1990’s (V4)Pathfinder Program of the 1990’s (V4)
Collaboration: NODC, NCDC, RSMAS, NASA Collaboration: NODC, NCDC, RSMAS, NASA PO.DAACPO.DAAC
To develop the SST To develop the SST climate data recordclimate data record
for AVHRR in a sustained environmentfor AVHRR in a sustained environment
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AVHRR Pathfinder Version 5AVHRR Pathfinder Version 5
Coverage: Global, 1985-near presentCoverage: Global, 1985-near present
Spatial resolution: ~ 4 kmSpatial resolution: ~ 4 km
Averaging periods: Daily, 5-day, 7-day, 8-Averaging periods: Daily, 5-day, 7-day, 8-day, Monthly, and Yearly (day and night)day, Monthly, and Yearly (day and night)
Corresponding climatologies Corresponding climatologies
FGDC and Rich Inventory MetadataFGDC and Rich Inventory Metadata
Satisfies most IOOS DMAC requirementsSatisfies most IOOS DMAC requirements
http://pathfinder.nodc.noaa.govhttp://pathfinder.nodc.noaa.gov
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Improvements over Pathfinder V4Improvements over Pathfinder V4
Finer global resolution - now 4 km was 9 kmFiner global resolution - now 4 km was 9 km
Significantly improved land mask Significantly improved land mask
Inland waters and lake observationsInland waters and lake observations
More ancillary and statistical dataMore ancillary and statistical data
Longer time series… now in our 21Longer time series… now in our 21stst year! year!
ClimateClimate, , coastal,coastal, and and ecosystemecosystem applications applications now possible!now possible!
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Improved Coastal CoverageImproved Coastal Coverage
ReefBase reef location database ~ 8000 sitesReefBase reef location database ~ 8000 sites
9 km Pathfinder coverage only 61%9 km Pathfinder coverage only 61%
4 km Pathfinder coverage: 4 km Pathfinder coverage: > 98%> 98%
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Operational NESDIS 50 kmOperational NESDIS 50 km
Latit
ude
Longitude
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AVHRR Pathfinder 9 kmAVHRR Pathfinder 9 km
Latit
ude
Longitude
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AVHRR Pathfinder 4 kmAVHRR Pathfinder 4 km
Latit
ude
Longitude
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Includes Lakes and Inland WatersIncludes Lakes and Inland Waters
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Operational - HadSST2
Pathfinder - HadSST2
Nighttime
NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16
NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16 NOAA7
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Operational - HadSST2
Pathfinder - HadSST2
Daytime
NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16
NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16 NOAA7
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Operational - OISSTv2
Pathfinder - OISSTv2
Nighttime
NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16
NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16 NOAA7
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Operational - OISSTv2
Pathfinder - OISSTv2
Daytime
NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16
NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16 NOAA7
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NighttimeOperationalPathfinder
1982 2004
Satellite Biases
+/- 1 C
+/- 1 C
Daytime
Weekly Satellite-OISSTv2
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Weekly Nighttime
Weekly Daytime
OperationalPathfinder
1982 2004
Maximum Satellite - OISSTv2
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Weekly Nighttime
Weekly Daytime
OperationalPathfinder
1982 2004
Minimum Satellite - OISSTv2
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Average Differences Over TimeAverage Differences Over Time
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Improvements Coming in PFV Improvements Coming in PFV 66
Wind and aerosol ancillary dataWind and aerosol ancillary data
Improved QC including aerosol flagging and Improved QC including aerosol flagging and better use of sea icebetter use of sea ice
Improved data management (HDF5 with CF Improved data management (HDF5 with CF and ACDD metadata?)and ACDD metadata?)
1985-2005 (maybe back to 1981?) 1985-2005 (maybe back to 1981?)
Implement “18-line problem” correction with Implement “18-line problem” correction with new global gridding schemenew global gridding scheme
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Connections to GHRSSTConnections to GHRSST
GODAE High Resolution SST (GHRSST)GODAE High Resolution SST (GHRSST)
GHRSST is both GHRSST is both real timereal time and and retrospectiveretrospective
Optimizing the retrospective connection…Optimizing the retrospective connection…– Level 2Level 2– Times of ObservationTimes of Observation– All AVHRRs?All AVHRRs?– Error estimatesError estimates
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Thanks to John Kennedy and Nick Rayner, Hadley Centre, UK Met Office, for providing the HadSST2
data set !!