Toward the SST Climate Data Record from Space

Kenneth S. Casey - NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center Kenneth S. Casey - NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center

Richard W. Reynolds - NOAA National Climatic Data CenterRichard W. Reynolds - NOAA National Climatic Data Center

Edward J. Kearns - University of MiamiEdward J. Kearns - University of Miami

Andrew D. Barton - NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center Andrew D. Barton - NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center

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The AVHRR Pathfinder ProgramThe AVHRR Pathfinder Program

Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on NOAA Polar Orbiters(AVHRR) on NOAA Polar Orbiters

Heritage: NOAA/NASA AVHRR Oceans Heritage: NOAA/NASA AVHRR Oceans Pathfinder Program of the 1990’s (V4)Pathfinder Program of the 1990’s (V4)

Collaboration: NODC, NCDC, RSMAS, NASA Collaboration: NODC, NCDC, RSMAS, NASA PO.DAACPO.DAAC

To develop the SST To develop the SST climate data recordclimate data record

for AVHRR in a sustained environmentfor AVHRR in a sustained environment

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AVHRR Pathfinder Version 5AVHRR Pathfinder Version 5

Coverage: Global, 1985-near presentCoverage: Global, 1985-near present

Spatial resolution: ~ 4 kmSpatial resolution: ~ 4 km

Averaging periods: Daily, 5-day, 7-day, 8-Averaging periods: Daily, 5-day, 7-day, 8-day, Monthly, and Yearly (day and night)day, Monthly, and Yearly (day and night)

Corresponding climatologies Corresponding climatologies

FGDC and Rich Inventory MetadataFGDC and Rich Inventory Metadata

Satisfies most IOOS DMAC requirementsSatisfies most IOOS DMAC requirements

http://pathfinder.nodc.noaa.govhttp://pathfinder.nodc.noaa.gov

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Improvements over Pathfinder V4Improvements over Pathfinder V4

Finer global resolution - now 4 km was 9 kmFiner global resolution - now 4 km was 9 km

Significantly improved land mask Significantly improved land mask

Inland waters and lake observationsInland waters and lake observations

More ancillary and statistical dataMore ancillary and statistical data

Longer time series… now in our 21Longer time series… now in our 21stst year! year!

ClimateClimate, , coastal,coastal, and and ecosystemecosystem applications applications now possible!now possible!

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Improved Coastal CoverageImproved Coastal Coverage

ReefBase reef location database ~ 8000 sitesReefBase reef location database ~ 8000 sites

9 km Pathfinder coverage only 61%9 km Pathfinder coverage only 61%

4 km Pathfinder coverage: 4 km Pathfinder coverage: > 98%> 98%

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Operational NESDIS 50 kmOperational NESDIS 50 km

Latit

ude

Longitude

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AVHRR Pathfinder 9 kmAVHRR Pathfinder 9 km

Latit

ude

Longitude

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AVHRR Pathfinder 4 kmAVHRR Pathfinder 4 km

Latit

ude

Longitude

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Includes Lakes and Inland WatersIncludes Lakes and Inland Waters

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Operational - HadSST2

Pathfinder - HadSST2

Nighttime

NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16

NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16 NOAA7

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Operational - HadSST2

Pathfinder - HadSST2

Daytime

NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16

NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16 NOAA7

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Operational - OISSTv2

Pathfinder - OISSTv2

Nighttime

NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16

NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16 NOAA7

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Operational - OISSTv2

Pathfinder - OISSTv2

Daytime

NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16

NOAA9 NOAA11 NOAA14 NOAA16 NOAA7

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NighttimeOperationalPathfinder

1982 2004

Satellite Biases

+/- 1 C

+/- 1 C

Daytime

Weekly Satellite-OISSTv2

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Weekly Nighttime

Weekly Daytime

OperationalPathfinder

1982 2004

Maximum Satellite - OISSTv2

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Weekly Nighttime

Weekly Daytime

OperationalPathfinder

1982 2004

Minimum Satellite - OISSTv2

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Average Differences Over TimeAverage Differences Over Time

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Improvements Coming in PFV Improvements Coming in PFV 66

Wind and aerosol ancillary dataWind and aerosol ancillary data

Improved QC including aerosol flagging and Improved QC including aerosol flagging and better use of sea icebetter use of sea ice

Improved data management (HDF5 with CF Improved data management (HDF5 with CF and ACDD metadata?)and ACDD metadata?)

1985-2005 (maybe back to 1981?) 1985-2005 (maybe back to 1981?)

Implement “18-line problem” correction with Implement “18-line problem” correction with new global gridding schemenew global gridding scheme

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Connections to GHRSSTConnections to GHRSST

GODAE High Resolution SST (GHRSST)GODAE High Resolution SST (GHRSST)

GHRSST is both GHRSST is both real timereal time and and retrospectiveretrospective

Optimizing the retrospective connection…Optimizing the retrospective connection…– Level 2Level 2– Times of ObservationTimes of Observation– All AVHRRs?All AVHRRs?– Error estimatesError estimates

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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Thanks to John Kennedy and Nick Rayner, Hadley Centre, UK Met Office, for providing the HadSST2

data set !!