• Tomato crop have good economic value
as major fresh vegetable and in
processing.
• Healthy Tomato seedlings are main factor
in producing bumper and good quality
yield.
• To produce healthy tomato seedlings,
effective and eco-friendly management of
pests, diseases and weeds is necessary.
Healthy Seedlings of Tomato
Introduction
Healthy Seedlings of Tomato
Pests Management
Leaf miner: • Larvae of leaf miner creates white colored
zigzag lines / mines in leaf lamina tissues.
• Injuries made by leaf miner leads to reduced photosynthesis and secondary fungal and bacterial infections.
Management: • Leaf Miner can be managed by Collection
and destruction of infested leaves.
• Spraying 5 % Neem Seed Kernel Extract or Trizophos @ 20 ml/10 liter water or Metasystox @ 15 ml/10 liter water.
Infestation of leaf miner
Larvae of Leaf miner
White Fly:
• White flies are small in size and white in color.
• Nymphs and adults of whitefly suck the cell sap from leaves.
• Heavy infestation of white flies causes yellowing and chlorosis of leaves.
• Adults secrete honeydew like sweet substance on which black sooty mould grows.
• White flies acts as disease vector for transmission of Tomato Leaf Curl Virus (TLCV). Infestation is predominant in summer season.
Whitefly
Black sooty mould growth on leaf
• Conservative and Judicious use of nitrogenous fertilizers and
irrigation in nursery. Use of yellow sticky trap to attract adults and
Spraying of 5 % Neem Seed Kernel Extract on seedlings.
• Seed treatment with thiamethoxam 70 % @ 4.2 gm or
imidachlopride 70 % WS @ 7.5 gm/kg seed and Nursery bed
treatment with carbofuran 3-5 gm/sq. m. area
• Drenching with Imidachlopride 17.8 SL @ 6 ml/10 liter water and
Spraying Imidachlopride 17.8 SL @ 3 ml or methyl demeton 25 EC
@20 ml/10 liter water.
Management of Whitefly:
Diseases Management
Damping Off disease
• It occurs in pre-emergence and post-
emergence phases of seedling.
• In pre-emergence phase, seedlings die
and rot before they reach the bed surface.
• In post-emergence phase, the collar of
juvenile seedling becomes soft and water
soaked and infected seedlings collapse.Post emergence phase of damping off
disease.
Soil Treatment by Soil Solarization:
• Wet the soil with water in May-June
months, spread 200 gauge white
polythene on nursery area for 5-6
weeks.
• After 5-6 weeks, remove polythene
sheet and prepare the beds for seed
sowing.
Management of Damping Off
Soil Solariazation by Polythene Paper
• Drench the nursery soil with 1.5 to 2
% formalin solution and cover
drenched area with 200 gauge
polythene sheet. Seal the edges of
polythene sheet with wet soil for
effective sterilization. Do this 15-20
days before sowing.
• Remove the polythene cover after
15 days and prepare the beds for
seed sowing.
Application of Formalin
Cover soil after Formalin application
Formalin Solution Treatment
Application of Fungicides/Bio-fungicides:• Fungicides like Captan or Thiram are applied @ 5-6 gm /sq. m.
nursery bed. • Bio-fungicide like Trichoderma viride @ 3 gm /sq. m. is mixed with
FYM or media of nursery bed.
Seed Treatment• Seed treatment with fungal culture Trichoderma viride @ 4 gm/kg
of seed) or Thiram @ 3 gm/kg of seed.
Post Germination:• Soil drenching with Dithane M-45 or Copper oxychloride @ 3
gm/liter water.
Diseases Management
Weed control
• Spray pre emergence herbicide like Stomp @
3 ml/liter water on the nursery beds after seed
sowing.
• Seed should be covered with a mixture of
FYM, soil and sand.
• Timely weeding in nursery is very important to
grow healthy seedling.
Weed in Tomato Seedling
Weed free Tomato Seedlings