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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
The Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation; Program Overview
Lars Peter RiishojgaardDirector, JCSDA
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
Overview
• JCSDA
• Accomplishments
• New short-term goal and focus areas
• Outlook
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
JCSDA Partners
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
Management Oversight Board
• Louis Uccellini, NCEP (Chair)• Al Powell, NESDIS/STAR• Franco Einaudi, GSFC ESD• Simon Chang, NRL Monterey• Col. Mark Zettlemoyer, USAF• Bob Atlas, OAR/AOML
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
JCSDA Executive Team
• Lars Peter Riishojgaard, Director• Steve Goodman, NESDIS/STAR, Deputy Director• Steve Lord, NCEP/EMC, Associate Director• Michele Rienecker, GSFC/GMAO, Associate Director• Pat Phoebus, NRL Monterey, Associate Director• John Zapotocny, AFWA, Associate Director
• Wayman Baker, NCEP, Chief Admin. Officer• George Ohring, Ken Carey, Consultants
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
JCSDA Vision• Prior to June 2008 Executive Retreat:
– A weather, ocean, climate, and environmental analysis and prediction community empowered to effectively assimilate increasing amounts of advanced satellite observations from the evolving Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS)
• Post Executive Retreat:– An interagency partnership working to become a world
leader in applying satellite data and research to operational goals in environmental analysis and prediction
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
JCSDA mission:…to accelerate and improve the
quantitative use of research and operational satellite data in weather, ocean, climate and environmental analysis and prediction models.
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
JCSDA Strategic Science Priorities
• Radiative Transfer Modeling (CRTM)• Preparation for assimilation of data from new
instruments• Clouds and precipitation• Assimilation of land surface observations• Assimilation of ocean surface observations• Atmospheric composition; chemistry and aerosol
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
JCSDA accomplishments• Common assimilation infrastructure (NCEP/EMC, NASA/GMAO) • Community radiative transfer model (all partners)• Common NOAA/NASA land data assimilation system (EMC, GSFC,
AFWA)• Snow/sea ice emissivity model – permits 300% increase in sounding
data usage over high latitudes (EMC)• MODIS polar winds (EMC, GMAO, FNMOC)• AIRS radiances (EMC, GMAO)• COSMIC refractivity (EMC)• Improved physically based SST analysis (EMC)• Advanced satellite data systems such as DMSP (SSMIS), CHAMP
GPS, WindSat tested for implementation (EMC)• Data denial experiments completed for major GOS components
(GMAO)
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
N. Hemisphere 500 hPa AC Z 20N - 80N Waves 1-20
1 Dec 2007 - 12 Jan 2008
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Forecast [days]
Control IASI_EUMETSAT
IASI impact assessment NCEP GFS
NH Dec 2007
Jung, van Delst, Han, Derber, Treadon, Kleist, …
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
IASI impact assessment NCEP GSF
SH Dec 2007
Jung, van Delst, Han, Derber, Treadon, Kleist, …
S. Hemisphere 500 hPa AC Z 20S - 80S Waves 1-20
1 Dec 2007 - 12 Jan 2008
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Forecast [day]
Control IASI_EUMETSAT
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S. Hemisphere 1000 hPa AC Z 20S - 80S Waves 1-20 1 Aug - 31 Aug 2007
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Forecast [day]
Ano
mal
y Co
rrel
atio
n Control ASCAT
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N. Hemisphere 1000 hPa AC Z 20N - 80N Waves 1-201 Jan - 31 Jan 2008
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Forecast [day]
Anom
aly
Corr
elat
ion
Control ASCAT
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(a) 500hPa WIND SPEED FCST IMPACT [%] 6HR ASCAT 1-31 Aug 2007
(b) 500hPa WIND SPEED FCST IMPACT [%] 24HR ASCAT 1-31 Aug 2007
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Dry TE Norm (150mb-sfc)
Dry TE Norm (150mb-sfc)
Total impact by instrument type – Jan2007Adjoint sensitivity study by Langland et al, NRL
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Impacts per-observation by instrument type
10e-5 J kg-1 10e-5 J kg-1
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Impact for AMSU-A channels - NAVDAS-NOGAPS
1 – 31 Jan 2007, 00,06,12,18 UTCUnits of impact = J kg-1
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5 4_154_164_184_195_155_165_185_196_156_166_186_197_157 16
411
Beneficial
5 6 7 89 10
Channel
Ch. peak near
11: 20mb
10: 50mb
9: 90mb
8: 150mb
7: 250mb
6: 350mb
5: 600mb
4: surfaceNOAA 15
NOAA 16
NOAA 18
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On-line observation Impact monitorwww.nrlmry.navy.mil/ob_sens/
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Time-series of observation impact www.nrlmry.navy.mil/ob_sens/
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% Contributions to 24hr Forecast Error ReductionJanuary 2006
Gelaro & Zhu, GMAO
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Removal of AMSUA results in large increase in AIRS (and other) impacts
Removal of AIRS results in significant increase in AMSUA impact
Removal of raobs results in significant increase in AMSUA, aircraft and other impacts (but not AIRS)
Combined Use of ADJ and OSEs
…ADJ applied to various OSE members to examine how the mix of observations influences their impacts
Gelaro & Zhu, GMAO
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Removal of AMSUA results in large increase in AIRS impact in tropics
Removal of wind observations results in significant decrease in AIRS impact in tropics (in fact, AIRS degrades forecast without satwinds!)
Combined Use of ADJ and OSEs
…ADJ applied to various OSE members to examine how the mix of observations influences their impacts
Gelaro & Zhu, GMAO
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
New (NWP-related) short-term goal for the Joint Center
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
Why renewed NWP focus?
• Economic impact– Weather: $2.5 trillion annual impact on US economy– Even modest advances in forecast skill lead to huge
economic gains for sectors such as agriculture, aviation, energy
– Avoidance of danger to life and property (hurricanes, severe weather, etc.)
– “Total value to US economy of NWP activities ~$200M per hour of useful forecast range per year”
• Impact on military operations
• US falling behind internationally in terms of NWP skill
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Comparison of EUCOS(REF) and AMV(REF) with BASELINE (NOSAT)and CONTROL
(a) northern hemisphere
(b) southern hemisphere
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
NOAA/NCEP vs. ECMWF skill over 20+ years
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
Why is the US falling behind?
• Use of satellite data– JCSDA can help, currently insufficiently resourced
• Data assimilation system development; no unified US move toward next-generation (4D-VAR) data assimilation capability– JCSDA has no direct control over this, but can facilitate and
coordinate collaboration on satellite data
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Satellite Data used in NWP
• HIRS sounder radiances• AMSU-A sounder radiances• AMSU-B sounder radiances• GOES sounder radiances• GOES, Meteosat, GMS
winds• GOES precipitation rate• SSM/I precipitation rates• TRMM precipitation rates• SSM/I ocean surface wind
speeds• ERS-2 ocean surface wind
vectors
• Quikscat ocean surface wind vectors
• AVHRR SST• AVHRR vegetation fraction• AVHRR surface type• Multi-satellite snow cover• Multi-satellite sea ice• SBUV/2 ozone profile and
total ozone• Altimeter sea level
observations (ocean data assimilation)
• AIRS• MODIS Winds• COSMIC
~33 instruments
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Number of satellite sensors that are or will be soon assimilated in
the ECMWF operational data assimilation.
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
Operational implementation plans (NCEP/EMC):
• Windsat 3rd Q FY08• IASI 4th Q FY08• ASCAT “• COSMIC (bending angle) “• OMI ozone “• SSMI/S “• GRAS (date still TBD)• Sat winds EE screening “• GOME-2 “
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
Meanwhile …• IASI, ASCAT operational at ECMWF on 06/12/2007
• IASI, ASCAT operational at the Met Office 11/28/2007
• JCSDA lagging by one to two years; inadequate planning and resource allocation
• JCSDA will have to invest heavily in NPP and ADM now in order to prevent this from happening again
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
New JCSDA short-term goal:
• “Contribute to making the forecast skill of the operational NWP systems of the JCSDA partners internationally competitive by assimilating the largest possible number of satellite observations in the most effective way”
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
JCSDA NWP metrics• Two metrics will be tracked
– One related to numbers of sensors and numbers of observations
– One related to performance
• Goal is to have JCSDA overall metrics confirmed by next MOB meeting, (tentatively 08/2008)
• Details to be discussed during upcoming Executive Retreat (06/13)
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
JCSDA Activities in support of NWP goal
• Data impact assessment• Radiative Transfer Modeling• Monitoring and improvement of use of
current data• Preparation for new sensors
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
JCSDA Mode of operation• Directed research
– Carried out by the partners– Mixture of new and leveraged funding– JCSDA plays coordinating role
• External research– NOAA-administered FFO– Financial contributions from NESDIS, NPOESS IPO, NASA– ~$1.4 M/year available => revolving portfolio of ~15 three-
year projects– Open to the broader research community, which remains an
essential resource for JCSDA
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
Federal Funding Opportunity (II)
• NASA contribution reduced by $240K for FY 2008– The Joint Center can meet its commitment to projects
started in FY 2006 and 2007– Funds for new starts in FY 2008 extremely limited; one new
project (GPRAO) selected for partial funding during FY 2008 FFO
• FY 2009 FFO is in the pipeline– Text is realigned with new JCSDA short-term goal
• Future plans for FFO to be discussed with funding managers, by the SSC, and during subsequent JCSDA Executive Retreat
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JCSDA Science Workshop, Baltimore, June 10-11, 2008
Summary• JCSDA has recently adopted short-term forecast
improvement goal– This will drive all JCSDA activities, both internal
and external
• Contributions from outside research community remain important– Close links between external investigators and
operational entities are critical
• Original six science focus areas remain unchanged strategic priorities– Expected to grow as resources become available