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Summary of conference contributions
Patries Boekholt
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Where we started off
• The arranged marriage suggests we take a good look at each other. The conference was a first flirtation.
• The innovation system approach asks for a good policy mix that addresses the bottlenecks in the system
• We can’t rely on fixing the individual ‘boxes’ in the system: policy has to shift to bridging between the boxes
• End of pipe solutions are not sufficient to tackle today’s problems
• While we usually look at input and output additionality in evaluations, the behavioural additionalities are as important
• We need to aim at changing capabilities and skills
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Do innovation policy incentives make a difference?
• Yes,…... No,……..We don’t know
• No: private R&D went up, while public R&D incentives went down.
• Yes: evaluations and studies show:• S&T collaboration correlates positively with economic results and public funding of
this collaboration has added value
• Publicly funded R&D projects have a higher research component than privately sponsored R&D projects
• Yes, but: we need to look at the interplay between incentives in the innovation system
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There is a lot we don’t know
• The ‘soft factors’ of innovation are crucial for economic success
• Thus behavioural additionality aspect of success of incentives should be taken on board
• Yet we are not capable of ‘measuring’ these
• Additionality as a test: leads to narrow definition of ‘what works’
• Fundamental methodological problems in measuring socio-economic impacts
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What have we learnt from environmental policies?
• Environmental technology policies have similar ‘additionality’ patterns
• Finding the right balance between • Programmes that support incremental innovations: ‘the safe route’
• Integrated approaches that push radical paradigm shifts: ‘the risky route’
• Here the behavioural factor is even more important
• Who are the drivers for sustainable solutions?
• Where’s the money?
• There are good practices of environmental technology programmes
• No ‘mainstreaming’
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The focus of the two spheres so far
Firms
(consumer)demand
research
innovation policies
Innovation policy
Environmental Policy
technology policies
regulationstandards
publicdemand
Changing mindsets
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Open questions
• How do we create a ‘sense of urgency’ with innovation policy makers regarding sustainability problems?
• The institutional barriers in the public sector are a major impediment: innovation of policy
• We need strategic intelligence to understand how to change mindsets in businesses: but what is this exactly?
• Will the marriage between the two enhance the market orientation of sustainability policies?
• The incremental approach of most environmental technology programmes is not sufficient to address the issues: we need paradigm shifts
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Points of discussion
• Stimulating the large block of firms to produce more sustainable is the real problem:• Institutional barriers
• Barriers within firms
• What can be learnt from strategic intelligence and related instruments (foresight, benchmarking, technology assessment, technology roadmapping)?
• Incremental or revolutionary: what does it mean for policy implementation?• Lessons from innovation system perspective?
• Experiences within the environmental scene ?