Table of Contents
Water on Earth
Surface Water
Exploring the Ocean
Currents and Climate
The Water Planet
5-1: Water on Earth
The graph shows the water used per person in the ten states of the United States with the largest populations.
Why is Water Important?
•Body Processes: o cellular functiono organ function.
•Habitat:o place where organisms live.
5-1 Water on Earth
These graphs show how much of Earth’s water is found in different forms.
Where is Water Found?
•Salt Water Oceans 97%
•Fresh Water 3%IceRivers and LakesGround Water
Water on Earth
Earth’s Major WaterwaysThe map shows Earth’s oceans and some major freshwater sources.
Used essential 3%
Ind. Processes life Earth’s Surface
rivers lakes
found
glaciers Ice capsundergroun
d
unusable
What is The Water Cycle?Water moves between land, living things, bodies of water, and atmosphere.
5-1: Water on Earth p 190
rainplants
TranspirationEvaporation
Earth’s Surface
Atmosphere
atmosphereEarth’s surface
water
movement
hailsnow
River Systems
Tributaries- Streams and smaller rivers that feed into a main river. Pulled by gravity.
Lesson 2: Surface Waterp 192
Watershed- The land area that supplies water to a river system. (Drainage Basin)
Surface Water p194
Surface Water p195
Divides- keep watersheds separate by a ridge.
valley
Peak
What Are Ponds and Lakes? p. 196
Lakes form When….
1. Rivers break 2. Glaciers
----- (Oxbow lake)
3. Rift valley ---- cracks in Earth’s crust
4. Volcanoes--- old craters
5.Dams ---- Reservoir- a lake that
stores water for human use.
Eutrophication – algae use nutrients (fromDead organisms or waste) and spread forming a layer on surface of water.
Lakes change when…. p. 198
Human Role•Fertilizers flow into ponds and lakes.•Nutrients in water start the process.
Surface Water
An Endless CycleHow can these processes be diagrammed to show a water cycle?
Lesson 3 Exploring the OceanSalinity•Total amount of salt in a solution of water. •Changes due to precipitation or evaporation.
Effects of Salinity•Freezing point of water decreases.•Higher density – things float easier.
Lesson 3 Exploring the Ocean
Temperature• Depends on location and seasons•Colder near poles, warmer near equator
Depths•Surface – Warmer, less pressure•Transition - in between phase•Deep – Cooler, more pressure
Exploring the OceanOcean FloorSonar – sound navigation. Helps map ocean floor.
1. Seamount – volcanic mountains not above water. Near mid-ocean ridge.2. Trench – Long deep valley – where ocean floor is sinking.3. Continental Slope – From land to water. Ocean floor gets suddenly steep.4. Continental Shelf – Gently sloping, shallow area. Transition from land to water. “beach”
5. Abyssal Plain – Mud, silt- very bottom, flat, very deep6. Mid Ocean Ridge- chain of mountains. Where new land is forming.
5-4 Currents and Climate
Surface Currents - driven mainly by wind.
What is a current? -Stream of moving water in oceans. -Moves in a circular motion.
Coriolis EffectCurve of wind from poles to equator as earth rotates.
Northern HemisphereClockwise
Southern HemisphereCounter-clockwise
Surface Currents
Gulf Stream:
•Largest, most powerful
•From Gulf of Mexico to east coast of U.S.
•Effects our weather.
Warming Sea TemperatureThe images show what happens to temperature below the surface of the ocean during an El Niño event. Red indicates a warmer sea surface temperature.
El Nino•Every 2-7 Years•LARGE amounts of warm water cover an area•Cold water cannot move to surface (traps cold water)•STRONG weather systems
La Nina•Surface water cooler than usual•Opposite of El Nino
Deep Currents•Deep currents near ocean floor
•Caused by: Difference in Density of water
•Carry cold water from poles to equator
•Movement like:
Conveyor Beltcold/dense water sinks, warm water pushed upward