Table of Contents

Water on Earth

Surface Water

Exploring the Ocean

Currents and Climate

The Water Planet

5-1: Water on Earth

The graph shows the water used per person in the ten states of the United States with the largest populations.

Why is Water Important?

•Body Processes: o cellular functiono organ function.

•Habitat:o place where organisms live.

5-1 Water on Earth

These graphs show how much of Earth’s water is found in different forms.

Where is Water Found?

•Salt Water Oceans 97%

•Fresh Water 3%IceRivers and LakesGround Water

Water on Earth

Earth’s Major WaterwaysThe map shows Earth’s oceans and some major freshwater sources.

Used essential 3%

Ind. Processes life Earth’s Surface

rivers lakes

found

glaciers Ice capsundergroun

d

unusable

What is The Water Cycle?Water moves between land, living things, bodies of water, and atmosphere.

5-1: Water on Earth p 190

rainplants

TranspirationEvaporation

Earth’s Surface

Atmosphere

atmosphereEarth’s surface

water

movement

hailsnow

River Systems

Tributaries- Streams and smaller rivers that feed into a main river. Pulled by gravity.

Lesson 2: Surface Waterp 192

Watershed- The land area that supplies water to a river system. (Drainage Basin)

Surface Water p194

Surface Water p195

Divides- keep watersheds separate by a ridge.

valley

Peak

What Are Ponds and Lakes? p. 196

Lakes form When….

1. Rivers break 2. Glaciers

----- (Oxbow lake)

3. Rift valley ---- cracks in Earth’s crust

4. Volcanoes--- old craters

5.Dams ---- Reservoir- a lake that

stores water for human use.

Eutrophication – algae use nutrients (fromDead organisms or waste) and spread forming a layer on surface of water.

Lakes change when…. p. 198

Human Role•Fertilizers flow into ponds and lakes.•Nutrients in water start the process.

Surface Water

An Endless CycleHow can these processes be diagrammed to show a water cycle?

Lesson 3 Exploring the OceanSalinity•Total amount of salt in a solution of water. •Changes due to precipitation or evaporation.

Effects of Salinity•Freezing point of water decreases.•Higher density – things float easier.

Lesson 3 Exploring the Ocean

Temperature• Depends on location and seasons•Colder near poles, warmer near equator

Depths•Surface – Warmer, less pressure•Transition - in between phase•Deep – Cooler, more pressure

Exploring the OceanOcean FloorSonar – sound navigation. Helps map ocean floor.

1. Seamount – volcanic mountains not above water. Near mid-ocean ridge.2. Trench – Long deep valley – where ocean floor is sinking.3. Continental Slope – From land to water. Ocean floor gets suddenly steep.4. Continental Shelf – Gently sloping, shallow area. Transition from land to water. “beach”

5. Abyssal Plain – Mud, silt- very bottom, flat, very deep6. Mid Ocean Ridge- chain of mountains. Where new land is forming.

5-4 Currents and Climate

Surface Currents - driven mainly by wind.

What is a current? -Stream of moving water in oceans. -Moves in a circular motion.

Coriolis EffectCurve of wind from poles to equator as earth rotates.

Northern HemisphereClockwise

Southern HemisphereCounter-clockwise

Surface Currents

Gulf Stream:

•Largest, most powerful

•From Gulf of Mexico to east coast of U.S.

•Effects our weather.

Warming Sea TemperatureThe images show what happens to temperature below the surface of the ocean during an El Niño event. Red indicates a warmer sea surface temperature.

El Nino•Every 2-7 Years•LARGE amounts of warm water cover an area•Cold water cannot move to surface (traps cold water)•STRONG weather systems

La Nina•Surface water cooler than usual•Opposite of El Nino

Deep Currents•Deep currents near ocean floor

•Caused by: Difference in Density of water

•Carry cold water from poles to equator

•Movement like:

Conveyor Beltcold/dense water sinks, warm water pushed upward