Download - TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE TITLE PAGE i

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

TITLE PAGE i

DECLARATION ii

DEDIDATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv

ABSTRACT v

ABSTRAK vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

LIST OF TABLE x

LIST OF FIGURES xi

LIST OF SYMBOLS xiii

LIST OF APENDICES xv

I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Problem Statement 3

1.3 Objective of the Study 4

1.4 Scope of the Study 4

II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Computational Geotechnics and Soil – Foundation – Structure

Interaction 5

2.1.1 Introduction 5

2.1.2 PLAXIS 6

2.2 Analysis and Design of Mat (or Raft) Foundations 6

2.2.1 Advantages of Using Shallow 6

2.2.2 Disadvantages of Using Shallow 7

2.2.3 Combined Footing 7

2.2.4 Types of Mat Foundation (or Raft) Foundations 8

2.2.5 To Design a Mat (or Raft) Foundation 10

2.3 Bearing Capacity of Mat (or Raft) Foundations 11


2.3.2 Major point for Bearing Capacity of Raft

(or Mat) Foundation 12

2.3.3 Calculation and Estimation Bearing Capacity of Mat

(or Raft) Foundation 14

2.4 Settlement of Mat (or Raft) Foundation 20


2.4.2 Compressibility and Settlement 21

2.4.2.1 Estimation of Immediate Settlement in Soil 21

2.4.2.2 Elastic Properties and In Situ Parameters 25

2.4.5 Settlement Analysis 27

2.4.5.1 Stress Distribution in Subsurface Soils

Due to Foundation Loading 27

2.4.6 Calculation and Estimation Settlement

of Mat (or Raft) Foundations 30

2.4.6.1 Immediate Settlement 31

2.4.7 Compensated Foundation 34

III METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction 35

3.2 Data Acquisition 37

3.3 Data Analysis 39

IV CASE STUDY

4.1 Introduction 40

4.2 Soil Profile 41

4.3 Groundwater 44

4.4 Soil Properties 44

V RESULT AND DISCUSSION

5.1 Introduction 45

5.2 Analysis Using PLAXIS 46

5.2.1 Settlement Result from PLAXIS Analysis 46

5.3 Estimation of Allowable Bearing Capacity by

Empirical Methods. 63

5.3.1 Estimation of Bearing Capacity 63

5.3.1.1 Using Data from Mackintosh Probe 63

5.3.1.2 Result of Allowable Bearing Capacity

Based on Chart 64

5.3.1.3 Using Conversion Method 69

5.4 Estimation Bearing Capacity For Mat (or Raft) Foundation 74

5.4.1 Using Equation 2.12 74

5.4.2 Using Equation 2.9 76

5.5 Comparison Result 77

5.5.1 Comparison of Different Methodology

by Cost and Time 77

5.5.2 Bearing Capacity Comparison 78

VI CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Conclusions 79

6.2 Recommendations 80

REFERENCES APPENDIX

LIST OF TABLES

TABLES TITLE PAGE

Table 2.1 Bearing-capacity equation by the several author indicated 1

Table 2.2 Bearing-capacity factor for the Terzaghi equation 18

Table 2.3 Shape, depth, and declination factors for the Meyerhoft

bearing capacity equation of the table 2.1 18

Table 2.4 Poisson Ratio (µ) for Geomaterials 24

Table 2.5 Approximate Elastic Moduli of Geomaterials 24

Table 2.5 (a) Elastic Parameters of Various Soils

(Braja M. Das (2000). Principle of Foundation Engineering,5E ) 25

Table 2.6 Soil Elastic Moduli fron In Situ Test Data 26

Table 2.7 I1 and I2 for Equation (2.21) 32

Table 5.1 (a) Result of Macintosh Probe 63

Table 5.1 (b) Result of Allowable Bearing Capacity on Table 5.1 (a) 64

Table 5.2 Summarize of Result According to Prof Chin Fung Kee 69

Table 5.3 (SOFT CLAY): CU Value Base on SPT N-Value 75

Table 5.4 Costing Comparison 77

Table 5.5 Time Comparison 77

Table 5.6 Summarize of Comparison 78

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURES TITLE PAGE

Figure 2.1 Chart for obtaining the α factor 22

Figure 2.2 Strain influence factor 23

Figure 2.3 Stress increase due to a concentrated load 29

Figure 2.4 (a) Stress increase due to a distributed.

(b) Stress increase to a distributed rectangular footing 29

Figure 2.5 Approximate estimation of subsurface vertical stress increment 30

Figure 2.6 Immediate settlement computation for mat footings 30

Figure 2.7 Plot of the depth influence factor IF for Equation (2.21) 31

Figure 3.1 Flowchart of the study 35

Figure 3.2 Allowable Bearing Capacity v.s Dynamic Cone Penetrometer

Value 37

Figure 4.1 Location of Boreholes 42

Figure 4.2 Typical soil profile based on borehole log 3 & 4 43

Figure 5.1 Overall Diagram / Simulation for Plaxis Analysis 47

Figure 5.2 Connectivities fron Plaxis Analysis 48

Figure 5.3 Connectivities fron Plaxis Analysis 49

Figure 5.4 Effective Stresses from Plaxis Analysis 50

Figure 5.5 Active Pore Pressure from Plaxis Analysis 51

Figure 5.6 Deformed Mosh from Plaxis Analysis 52

Figure 5.7 Calculation List 53

Figure 5.8 Total Displacement from Plaxis Analysis fror Young Modilus,

E, = 15 MPa 54


E, = 20 MPa 55


E, = 25 MPa 56


E, = 30 MPa 57


E, = 35 MPa 58


E, = 40 MPa 59


E, = 42 MPa 60


E, = 45 MPa 61


E, = 50 MPa 62

Figure 5.17 Result of Bearing Capacity for Mackintosh Probe (MP1) 65




Figure 5.21 Result of Bearing Capacity for Borehole (BH1) 69




LIST OF SYMBOLS

a = Area

B = Breadth of Footing

C = Cohesion of Soil

cu = Undrained Shear Strength

D = Depth; Diameter; Depth Factor

E = Young’s Modulus of Elasticity

FS = Factor of Safety

L = Length

N = SPT Value

Nc, Nq,Nγ = Bearing Capacity Factor

q = Bearing Pressure

qall = Allowable Bearing Capacity

qc = Cone Penetration Resistance

qu = Ultimate Bearing Capacity

qnet = Net Bearing Pressure

R = Resistance Force

Rγ = Reduction Factor

s = Settlement

Sc,Sq,Sγ = Shape Factors (Bearing Capacity Equation)

SPT = Standard Penetration Test

V = Volume

Vt = Volume of Sample

Vv = Volume of Voids

Vw = Volume of Water

ν = Poisson’s Ratio

γ = Bulk Unit Weight of Soil

γ´ = Effective (Submerged) Unit Weight (γsat – γw)

γd = Dry Unit Weight

γsat = Bulk Saturated Unit Weight

γw = Unit Weight of Water (=9.81kN/m³)

φ = Angle of Friction

LIST OF APENDICES

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

A Soil Investigation (S.I) Report for Borehole and Macintosh

Probe

B Laboratory Test Result

C Sample Calculation of Moisture Content, Volumetric

Moisture Content and Density of Soil

D Plan Layout

- Piling

- Raft Foundation

E BQ of piling Methodology

F BQ of Raft Foundation Methodology

G Summary of Work Programmed

Download - TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE TITLE PAGE i

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