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STRUCTURAL TIMBER
FRAMING
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STRUCTURAL TIMBER COMPONENTS
Timber should
be bought from
sustainablesources.
Such timber is
stamped with
the symbol of
the accrediting
body.
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TIMBER STRENGTHTimber is stamped according to its strength properties, asdescribed below:-
Timber Species
British StandardQuality
Reference
Strength Grade
Certification Authority
Condition
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Structural components include pre-fabricated
frames, wall panels, joists and roof trusses.
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The design of structural members takes into account:
Dead loads - which includes weight of the actual
building, such as bricks, tiles and timber.
Imposed loads machinery, furniture etc.Live loads the weight of people in the building.
Snow and wind loads when it snows, additional
loading is imposed on the roof, and wind loads occurin high winds.
Loads are illustrated on the next slide
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Descriptions of the manufacturing process of
structural elements follow:-
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Factory-made
components result in
high levels of repetition,
accuracy and quality.
This leads to cost
savings during
construction.
Timber components for
a roof truss are laid out
on a jig, as shown right.
Each component is pre-
cut to the exactdimensions required.
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Timber parts are
fixed together
mechanically,using toothed steel
plates.
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Studs (verticals) and
sole plates are laidout to exact
dimensions, and
nailed together.
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The panel head isoffered up to the panel
frame. The head is
fixed with pneumatic
nail guns.
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Right nails fixed to timber.
Below Pneumatic nail gun
and nail cartridge.
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Right - plywood is then
nailed to the frame.
STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING
Left a breather membrane
is placed over the plywood.
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Bands are stapled to
the panel to mark the
positions of studs. This
helps tradesmen on
site to establish fixing
points for other
building components.
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JOISTS
Joists are structural
components that
span the width of abuilding.
Finished joists,
awaiting delivery toa construction site,
are shown left.
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Roof trusses, delivered to site and awaiting fixing.
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A timber framed building under construction.
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The foundation layout of a timber framed building is
shown on the following slide, and construction methods
of this type of foundation also follow.
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Concrete blinding
Steel reinforcements (rebar)
Polystyrene shuttering
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In the above image, a steel frame connects the timber superstructure to the
foundations. The red arrows indicate where columns are bolted to the
foundations. A more detailed image is shown on the next slide.
Timber beams & joists
form the
superstructure
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Block work: forms part of the
structure, and offers fire
protection to steelwork
Steel beams
fire protected by
sprayed on
intumescent paint
Joists will be fire protected
by plasterboard before the
building is occupied
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Load carrying components are doubled in size and transmitbuilding loads to the foundations: a close-up is shown on the
following slide.
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Studs
Noggins
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Prefabricated components are marked with their locations. Thisspeeds up construction time and reduces construction costs.
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Stud walls are fixed in position to form separate spaces. These will
eventually be fire protected by plasterboard.
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Once stud walls are fixed, firstfixing for plumbing and power
can take place.
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As prefabricated components arrive, rapid construction follows.The above image shows the view looking down a communalcorridor of an apartment block, whilst under construction.
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A vapour barrier, used to stop rain water entering the building, is
fixed externally.
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Battens are fixed over the vapour barrier, and insulation is fitted betweenthe battens. Cement render is applied to provide an external finish.Colour pigment can be included in the render (known as a through-colour
render), or the render can be painted after curing.
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Large items, such
as roof trusses are
lifted into placewith a crane.
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Roof trusses
awaiting fixing.
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Roof trusses fixed in place, ready for roofing contractors.
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Structural flooringand wall panels,
stored on site and
ready for fixing.
STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING