struktura drvene konstrukcije

7/31/2019 struktura drvene konstrukcije

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NGfL CYMRU GCaD

www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk

STRUCTURAL TIMBER

FRAMING


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STRUCTURAL TIMBER COMPONENTS

Timber should

be bought from

sustainablesources.

Such timber is

stamped with

the symbol of

the accrediting

body.

STRUCTURAL TIMBER FRAMING


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TIMBER STRENGTHTimber is stamped according to its strength properties, asdescribed below:-

Timber Species

British StandardQuality

Reference

Strength Grade

Certification Authority

Condition



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Structural components include pre-fabricated

frames, wall panels, joists and roof trusses.



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The design of structural members takes into account:

Dead loads - which includes weight of the actual

building, such as bricks, tiles and timber.

Imposed loads machinery, furniture etc.Live loads the weight of people in the building.

Snow and wind loads when it snows, additional

loading is imposed on the roof, and wind loads occurin high winds.

Loads are illustrated on the next slide



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Descriptions of the manufacturing process of

structural elements follow:-



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Factory-made

components result in

high levels of repetition,

accuracy and quality.

This leads to cost

savings during

construction.

Timber components for

a roof truss are laid out

on a jig, as shown right.

Each component is pre-

cut to the exactdimensions required.



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Timber parts are

fixed together

mechanically,using toothed steel

plates.



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Studs (verticals) and

sole plates are laidout to exact

dimensions, and

nailed together.



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The panel head isoffered up to the panel

frame. The head is

fixed with pneumatic

nail guns.



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Right nails fixed to timber.

Below Pneumatic nail gun

and nail cartridge.



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Right - plywood is then

nailed to the frame.


Left a breather membrane

is placed over the plywood.


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Bands are stapled to

the panel to mark the

positions of studs. This

helps tradesmen on

site to establish fixing

points for other

building components.



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JOISTS

Joists are structural

components that

span the width of abuilding.

Finished joists,

awaiting delivery toa construction site,

are shown left.



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Roof trusses, delivered to site and awaiting fixing.



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A timber framed building under construction.



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The foundation layout of a timber framed building is

shown on the following slide, and construction methods

of this type of foundation also follow.



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Concrete blinding

Steel reinforcements (rebar)

Polystyrene shuttering



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In the above image, a steel frame connects the timber superstructure to the

foundations. The red arrows indicate where columns are bolted to the

foundations. A more detailed image is shown on the next slide.

Timber beams & joists

form the

superstructure



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Block work: forms part of the

structure, and offers fire

protection to steelwork

Steel beams

fire protected by

sprayed on

intumescent paint

Joists will be fire protected

by plasterboard before the

building is occupied



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Load carrying components are doubled in size and transmitbuilding loads to the foundations: a close-up is shown on the

following slide.



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Studs

Noggins



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Prefabricated components are marked with their locations. Thisspeeds up construction time and reduces construction costs.



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Stud walls are fixed in position to form separate spaces. These will

eventually be fire protected by plasterboard.



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Once stud walls are fixed, firstfixing for plumbing and power

can take place.



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As prefabricated components arrive, rapid construction follows.The above image shows the view looking down a communalcorridor of an apartment block, whilst under construction.



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A vapour barrier, used to stop rain water entering the building, is

fixed externally.



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Battens are fixed over the vapour barrier, and insulation is fitted betweenthe battens. Cement render is applied to provide an external finish.Colour pigment can be included in the render (known as a through-colour

render), or the render can be painted after curing.



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Large items, such

as roof trusses are

lifted into placewith a crane.



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Roof trusses

awaiting fixing.



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Roof trusses fixed in place, ready for roofing contractors.



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www ngfl cymru org uk

Structural flooringand wall panels,

stored on site and

ready for fixing.


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